Wireless Body Area Networks

Power efficient ultra-wideband based wireless communication for wireless body area network applications

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have significantly impacted healthcare applications by giving the possibility of monitoring the patient’s physiological parameters using different sensors. The use of WSN and the wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) offers possible solutions for monitoring the health parameters in remote areas. On the other hand, the use of wireless communication medium and information security is the primary concern in WBANs. Because WBANs use the different small sensors placed on the human body to collect the physiological data. They need resource and computational restrictions, thus, building the use of complex and advanced encryption algorithms infeasible. It is essential in the WBAN to monitor and transmit the data to provide reliable and secure communication. Wrong and incomplete information can create difficulties in patient health which can be sometimes more dangerous. This gives the motivation to make such security protocols or algorithms to achieve high security in WBANs. So, the research has been currently focused on reliable communication between the doctor and patient, routing algorithms, and the data’s security by using various new technologies. This paper discusses the different security threats and solutions for designing healthcare applications and routing and layer attacks. Furthermore, the paper has been focused on the Data Distribution Service Models for data security. The paper also includes artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms in healthcare implemented by various companies.

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are critical components of emerging smart healthcare solutions. Due to the intrinsic nature of wireless communication and the potentially sensitive medical data they carry, such networks are often very vulnerable to many types of security threats. As a result, the security of WBANs becomes a prime concern when they are considered for use in healthcare or medical applications. This text enumerates common security threats that a typical WBAN should prepare for. It also provides a set of enhancement mechanisms and techniques that could be implemented to augment the security of WBANs. Furthermore, a vital precautionary activity that should be taken in the initial steps towards developing a secure WBAN system— threat modeling—is also described. This text presents two elaborated example cases for the threat modeling technique for WBANs: patrolling and insulin injection WBANs. The cases demonstrate that threats in WBANs are further sources of vulnerabilities, beyond the definition of threats from common knowledge, that should be evaluated and addressed before deployment. Results show that there are plenty of possible problems that threaten the security and privacy of WBAN systems, which should be taken into strong consideration. It is believed that the proposed threat modeling methodology here will significantly contribute to secure designs of WBANs and can also potentially be generalized to other embedded systems as well.

It is worth mentioning that the growing use of wireless sensor networks, evolution in Nano biosensors and micro medical equipment, remote health monitoring has affected treatment. Since people have tended to ubiquitous health monitoring, real time medical health care systems will have great significance. It is crystal clear that offering a new design of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) in real time healthcare's system is very important. To pave the way for the discussion, we would like to pay your attention to the previous studies in which we have improved energy efficiency and security in WBAN. To pave the way for further discussion now, we would like to review the third aspect of WBAN challenge in maximum efficiency and performance, with the approaching security and optimal energy in the real time health care system applications. In a word, in this paper urgency of using WBAN for real time telemedicine is to be discussed.

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a collection of wireless sensor nodes which can be placed within the body or outside the body of a human or a living person which in result observes or monitors the functionality and adjoining situations of the body. Utilizing a Wireless Body Area Network, the patient encounters a greater physical versatility and is never again constrained to remain in the hospital. As the Wireless Body Area Network sensor devices is being utilized for gathering the sensitive data and possibly will run into antagonistic situations, they require complicated and very secure security medium or structure to avoid the vitriolic communications within the system. These devices represent various security and privacy protection of touchy and private patient medical data. The medical records of patients are a significant and an unsolved situation due to which a changing or exploitation to the system is possible. In this research paper, we first present an overview of WBAN, how they utilized for healthcare monitoring, its architecture then highlight major security and privacy requirements and assaults at different network layer in a WBAN and we finally talk about various cryptographic algorithms and laws for providing solution of security and privacy in WBAN.

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is one of the emerging technologies, which is used to provide healthcare service by monitoring the patient’s body. The WBAN has the sensors that are installed in, on or around the body that intelligently and spontaneously sense the patient’s health information from the human body and it is transmitted to the hospital to provide the medical service. The major problems in heterogeneous and energy constrained WBAN system is that need high efficient energy with inadequate battery in sensor, dynamic link and because of patient’s health data is sensitive it is important to give security in WBAN. To evaluate the sensor state the time slots are allocated and for security to achieve computation securely signcryption Certificateless algorithm (SCA) is used, which use homomorphic property based on bilinear cryptosystem. The experimental result discuss about low computational cost, low energy efficiency.

Driven by recent technological advances in wireless communications, wireless sensors, and low power networked systems, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are emerging as a promising technology in healthcare applications. Since information transmitted in these wireless body area networks (WBAN) often consists of critical and sensitive patient health and personal information, securing these networks is of central importance to their practical deployment in healthcare applications. The objective of this research is to design and develop intelligent intrusion detection techniques to improve security in WBAN. In this work, we propose iDetect, a multi-objective genetic algorithm based intrusion detection system (IDS) to provide optimal attack detection in these networks. The proposed algorithm guarantees that only those features necessary for detecting a specific attack is used in the intrusion detection process, thereby decreasing the computational complexity.

In the generation of communication technologies, IoT based WBAN enables inventive software to improve the quality of life of the patient, providing the healthcare provider helpful tools for monitoring the patient. However, there are sensitive information within the WBANs and insecure data violate the patient’s security and as a consequence may lead to wrong diagnosis or treatment. Authentication and key agreement schemes are considered crucial requirements to make communications secure. Furthermore, to achieve a level of high security in WBAN involves numerous challenges because of its resource constraints and critical applications. In this paper, We made a comparative performance study on authentication and key agreement on different schemes on the Internet of Things(IoT) based wireless body area network (WBAN) and reveals it has improved the security issues and increase the efficiency of the system.

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is becoming popular gradually and is showing better performance in health monitoring. In WBAN nodes are placed on or inside human body that collect information and send them to remote server wirelessly. Strict security is required to protect patient’s personal data. In this paper we made a detailed survey of the state-of-the art security works in WBAN. We propose a security framework by applying Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) technique using secret key derived from biological data of the patients as well as doctors for ensuring data confidentiality and authentication of users. We have implemented our proposed method in a cloud based environment to analyze end-to-end delay of patient data transmission using different keys derived from different biological information of users. Simulation setup and experimental results are given for detailed view and better understanding of our work.

PSDCE: Physiological signal-based double chaotic encryption for instantaneous E-healthcare services

In this paper, we have reviewed and presented a critical overview of “energy-efficient and reliable routing solutions” in the field of wireless body area networks (WBANs). In addition, we have theoretically analysed the importance of energy efficiency and reliability and how it affects the stability and lifetime of WBANs. WBAN is a type of wireless sensor network (WSN) that is unique, wherever energy-efficient operations are one of the prime challenges, because each sensor node operates on battery, and where an excessive amount of communication consumes more energy than perceiving. Moreover, timely and reliable data delivery is essential in all WBAN applications. Moreover, the most frequent types of energy-efficient routing protocols include crosslayer, thermal-aware, cluster-based, quality-of-service, and postural movement-based routing protocols. According to the literature review, clustering-based routing algorithms are the best choice for WBAhinwidth, and low memory WBAN, in terms of more computational overhead and complexity. Thus, the routing techniques used in WBAN should be capable of energy-efficient communication at desired reliability to ensure the improved stability period and network lifetime. Therefore, we have highlighted and critically analysed various performance issues of the existing “energy-efficient and reliable routing solutions” for WBANs. Furthermore, we identified and compiled a tabular representation of the reviewed solutions based on the most appropriate strategy and performance parameters for WBAN. Finally, concerning to reliability and energy efficiency in WBANs, we outlined a number of issues and challenges that needs further consideration while devising new solutions for clustered-based WBANs.

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are integral to modern healthcare systems, providing continuous health monitoring and real-time data transmission. The sensitivity of medical data being transmitted makes security a significant concern in WBANs. This study explores the application of the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)-based Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange (ECDH) algorithm to enhance security within WBANs. The study investigates the suitability of ECC for this context and evaluates the performance and security implications of implementing ECDH in WBANs. The findings reveal that ECDH provides a robust and computationally efficient solution for secure key exchange in WBANs, addressing inherent vulnerabilities. The adoption of ECC-based ECDH is poised to bolster data confidentiality and integrity in WBANs, promoting trust and widespread use of these networks in healthcare applications. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge regarding security measures in WBANs and opens new avenues for the secure transmission of sensitive medical information.

A wireless body area network (WBAN) consists of a single coordinator and multiple low-power sensors to monitor the biological signals and functions of the human body. Due to the highly mobile and social nature of WBANs, the performance of the individual WBANs could be degraded due to the adverse co-channel interference that results from their uncoordinated coexistence with other nearby wireless networks. Like other wireless networks, energy and spectrum in WBANs are both scarce resources. In fact, the limited spectrum resource is the cause of competition among WBANs and leads to interference. Dynamic and efficacious energy and interference management taking into account the channel state and traffics are both crucial and substantial to further upgrade the capacity and enhance the goodness of user experience. In addition to the co-channel interference, the individual communication links between the body-mounted sensors and the WBAN’s coordinator experience high signal attenuation and distortion due to the nonhomogeneous nature of the human body tissue. In this chapter, the issues related to the coexistence among WBANs and between WBANs and other wireless networks will be analyzed. A comparative review of the radio co-channel interference mitigation and avoidance techniques in the literature will be provided. Furthermore, we show that the existing solutions fall short from achieving satisfactory performance, and outline open problems that warrant more investigation by the research community.

Wireless communication networking technology plays an important part in supporting ubiquitous network. IT, BT and NT convergence of typical techniques for wireless body area network (WBAN) provides the quality and convenience. WBAN is classified in to non-medical field and medical field. In this paper, the techniques, applications and channel models of WBAN are analyzed. WBAN technique is a based on IEEE 802.15.6 TG WBAN. The applications of WBAN are classified into healthcare, assisted living and entertainment.

Congestion related issues are major concerns in any networking system including Body Sensor Networks (BSN). This is due to the number of disastrous effects (e.g. high packet loss rate and service interruption) it may cause on the system’s performance. BSN, which normally involves with life-threatening measurements, are found to be very much affected by this problem. The incorporation of its real-time applications with life-death matters may likely put people at high risk during congestion. To address this challenge and alleviate congestion in BSN, we explore the feasibility of a new rate limiting technique known as Relaxation Theory (RT). Uniquely distinctive from the typical rate limiting schemes, the novelty of our approach lies in the ability to ’relax’ or postpone the excessive incoming packets to a certain extent, and avoid congestion from occurring in the first place. An insight performance analysis on one of BSN applications in healthcare monitoring (Electrocardiogram - ECG) shows promising results.