Wireless Sensor Network Using Bluetooth

Proposed wireless sensor node is a highly flexible and programmable system on chip (PSoC) architecture along with integrated RF radio chip, which can be adapted to any IEEE 802.15.4 standard based protocol, working at the band of 2.4GHz.This can be accompanied by the RF antenna matched with the interface circuit for various kinds of sensors and peripherals to form a wireless sensor node.This can be very well used to form a wireless sensor network in different domains.This proposed methodology can be used for specific application for improving the WSN stability and performance.This article will mainly present the design of wireless sensor nodes based on PSoC and CyFi radio chip, including the application specific antenna and hardware design for the system on chip for the sensor node and the simple introduction of the application domain.The proposed nodes are used with a special antenna and application based protocol for communication.This design has a better power handling and performing capacity.Further, we have implemented this for the wireless sensor node as well.

Wireless sensor nodes are essential elements in wireless sensor networks. There are two important issues which need to be considered in order to build a sensor node: low power consumption and scalability. This paper proposes and presents a SoC architecture of wireless sensor node based on open source IP blocks such as OpenRISC 1200 microprocessor core and Wishbone Interconnect Matrix bus core. This hardware architecture is then verified in Altera Quartus II, and the power consumption and scalability of the hardware platform are assessed. At last, the whole system of the wireless sensor node is integrated on Altera DE2-70 FPGA board and its sensing, computation and wireless communication capabilities are verified.

Recent times world has witnessed a wireless sensing networks (WSN) technology attracting for a wide range of real-world applications, mostly due to its shrinking size and cost while demonstrating improved performances and functionalities. One of the crucial factors that affect the operation of WSN is its power consumption and battery life. This paper provides an overview for designing of a low power WSN for IoT applications. Through a combination of ZigBee wireless technology, with a strong networking function, it can realize the communication between a number of Wireless Sensor Nodes. Cost-effective and low power reliable system is implemented using this protocol. Core2530 is one of the Zigbee stack available for such network solution. While considering sensor platforms and its applications, power consumption is one of the important factors to take into consideration. This paper presents the development of low power wireless sensor node for condition monitoring of railway rolling stocks.

The urban pipeline wireless monitoring system is presented based on WSN technology and GPRS so as to solve the existing problem in the operation of urban pipeline networks. Hardware and software design of wireless sensor node and coordinator is given. GPRS module serves as gateway interface between WSN and internet. The collected field data which consist of pressure and flow rate of water, natural gas and heating water is finally transmitted to the control center through internet. The main interface of control center is developed with configuration software which is famous for its direct viewing and easy-to-use. The experimental results indicate that the control center can get real-time field data of pressure and flow rate at any time, sensor nodes collects data accurately, data is transmitted reliably via wireless sensor networks. It has wide field of application with good prospects.

In order to solve the problems that ever wireless sensor nodes' energy consumption is high and solar-powered wireless nodes are greatly influenced by the weather and the system is not stable, comprehensive utilization of solar energy power supply technology, sensor technology and wireless communication technology, this paper designs a new type of wireless sensor nodes, which is powered by solar energy. The wireless sensor nodes which is supplied by solar energy, solving the problem of the energy consumption of sensor nodes effectively. After tested, it has simple operation, high reliability and it can satisfy the requirement of environmental parameter acquisition and monitoring work.

In recent days the wireless sensor nodes are implemented in various applications. Formation of wireless network using sensor nodes facing a lot of real time issues like energy computation and communication overhead. The sensor nodes are powered up by battery sources. Once the sensor node is deployed in real time environment, changing the battery source like clockwork is not possible. Hence finest cluster architecture was developed for node connection, node communication and to implement energy efficient wireless sensor network. In the proposed work the sensor nodes are designed with ARM LPC2148 processors which support the real time emulation and embedded trace. Using this sensor node, an optimised wireless network was developed with experimental set up. The proposed hardware was tested and various evaluation factors are analysed. Problems related with the design of sensor nodes and network establishment is explained. Depending upon the application, sensor node has to be incorporated into the network.

CC2430 is a highly integrated RF chip, adapted to the ZigBee protocol, working at the band of 2.4GHz, accompanied by inductors and capacitors which form the RF modules, then matched with the interface, a various kinds of sensors and peripherals to form a wireless sensor node, which can be used to form a wireless sensor network. This article will mainly present the design of wireless sensor nodes based on CC2430 chip , including the specific hardware design of the node and the simple introduction of the software program.

Trouble-free operation of large-scale mechanical equipment is of great significance to modern industrial production. The existing wireless sensor network nodes are not suitable for condition monitoring of mechanical equipment due to their low acquisition accuracy. In view of this, this article put forward a wireless sensor network for mechanical condition monitoring, and designed corresponding wireless sensor network nodes. These nodes could achieve high-precision acquisition of analog signals. This article described a wireless sensor network structure for mechanical condition monitoring, hardware design of wireless sensor nodes and software design of the system. The precision of the wireless sensor network nodes we designed was verified by experiment. The experiment result showed that the nodes could effectively acquire analog signal with high precision.

Wireless Sensor Network is greatly evolved in recent years. Technological advancements in wireless networks are intended to develop various fields especially in medical domain. Nowadays, remote health monitoring is possible by the enormous growth of wireless body area sensor networks. The Wireless Body Area Sensor Network monitors the human health by using wearable body sensors, and sends the status of the human health to the medical experts. Body nodes will be placed on, in and around the human body. The major key issue in Wireless Body Area Sensor Network is power management. Since batteries used in sensors are very tiny, it tends to have a minimal lifetime. In order to increase the lifetime of the sensor node, the energy needs to be utilized in an efficient manner. In this paper we have proposed conditional re-transmission technique to minimize the energy consumption. So the sensor nodes lifetime will get increased and in turn Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks lifetime will also be increased. By increasing the lifetime of the sensor nodes, the batteries or sensor nodes need not to be replaced frequently.

This paper reports the design of a photovoltaic energy harvesting device used as a telemetry node in wireless sensor networks. The device draws power from the small solar cell, stores it into the primary energy buffer and backup supercapacitor, collects measured data from various sensors and transmits them over low power radio link at 868 MHz. Its design ensures reliable cold booting under very poor illumination conditions (down to 20 lx). The solar cell also enables indirect illumination level detection for the subcircuit that manages stored energy (day/night detector). The device is allowed to draw power from the backup supercapacitor only when it is not possible to gather enough energy from the solar cell during the sleep period. Short lasting and sudden drops of the illumination do not activate the backup power supply. A wireless sensor node design is adjusted to the proposed photovoltaic harvesting circuitry, so the overall power consumption in the sleep mode is less than 25 μW. Also, due to adaptive power consumption, proposed device topology ensures its autonomy time in the total darkness of 81 h. The device has been produced using commercially available components enabling versatile telemetric functionality by the implementation of different sensors.

Wireless sensor node is an autonomous and compact device that has capability to monitor a variety of real-world phenomena. It is designed composed of sensing device, embedded processor, communication module, and power equipment. Wireless sensor node is part of wireless sensor network where hundred or thousand sensor node can be deployed. Over the past decade Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as one of the computing platforms of note within the electronics community. In prediction, there will be more than 127 million wireless sensor nodes deployed worldwide by 2014. We have surveyed 100 currently available wireless sensor network node platforms have been developed and produced not only by the research institutions, the universities but also some companies in last ten years. In this paper, we present a review of 27 different wireless sensor node platforms. We review these devices under a number of different parameters, and we highlight the key advantages of each node platform according to dimension and power consumption. We also discuss the characteristics and trend of development and deployment a wireless sensor node technology.

With the miniaturization of electronic devices, small size but high capacity power supply system appears to be more and more important. A hybrid power source, which consists of a fuel cell (FC) and a rechargeable battery, has the advantages of long lifetime and good load following capabilities. In this paper, we propose the schematic of a hybrid power supply system, that can be integrated on a chip compatible with present CMOS process. Besides, considering the problem of maximizing the on-chip fuel cell's lifetime, we propose a modified dynamic power management (DPM) algorithm for on-chip fuel cell based hybrid power system in wireless sensor node design. Taking the wireless sensor node powered by this hybrid power system as an example, we analyze the improvement of the FC-Bat hybrid power system. The simulation results demonstrate that the on-chip FC-Bat hybrid power system can be used for wireless sensor node under different usage scenarios. Meanwhile, for an on-chip power system with 1cm2 area consumption, the wafer-level battery can power a typical sensor node for only about 5 months, while our on-chip hybrid power system will supply the same sensor node for 2 years steadily.

One important issue in wireless sensor networks is how to gather sensed information in an energy efficient way since the energy is a scarce resource in a sensor node. Many protocols have been proposed for data-gathering between wireless sensor nodes. However, most of these protocols work on static wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we provide clustering-based and time-driven protocols which minimize energy dissipation for data-gathering in wireless mobile sensor networks where the sensor nodes are capable of mobility. We first consider the node mobility when organizing clusters. Our protocols will have a sensor node select a proper cluster-head to join in order to save energy. We then consider how to elect the cluster-heads and provide two algorithms for cluster-head election. Last, we implement all the protocols and perform the experiments for evaluating the protocols.

A scheme for WSNs (wireless sensor networks) security is given by dividing sensing tetrahedron into clusters and using the symmetric polynomials in this paper.The sensing tetrahedron is divided into a number of small grids.All those sensor nodes, both ordinary sensor nodes and heterogeneous sensor nodes are distributed in the sensing tetrahedron.In a grid, all ordinary sensor nodes and heterogeneous sensor nodes establish their shared keys through using the symmetric polynomials.All the heterogeneous sensor nodes establish their shared keys through using the symmetric polynomials.At last, all sensor nodes establish their keys directly or indirectly in the whole sensing tetrahedron.Analysis and comparison demonstrate this scheme enhances the WSN security, has good network connectivity, saves node storage, reduces network computing load, and extends the network lifetime.

Energy conservation in MAC protocol is a focal point for researchers for a long time. One of the main reasons is that sensor nodes are left unmonitored for a phase of time with only the inbuilt battery as the sole source of energy power. It’s the onus of MAC protocol to efficiently consume this available source of energy. It must be carefully designed in a way there is no wastage of energy source. Control packets in wireless sensor networks not only degrade packet transmission time but also suck out energy from the energy source built in the wireless sensor nodes. When the control packets collide and there is a need resend the control packets it adds up to further energy loss. A better energy efficient MAC protocol must aim at reducing the adoption of control packets following around the network instead give way for data packets to flow around. The energy efficient deteriorates when the nodes undergo too many overhead steps in MAC protocol thereby transmitting lesser packets in given time. In this paper a new protocol namely IWMAC-invite and wait MAC protocol which leverages efficient use of battery power in wireless sensor nodes. With IWMAC the nodes are enabled to transmit minimal control packets and deliver more data packets in a given time. The energy of the nodes are used primarily in actual data transmissions rather than succumbing to overhead of control packets, channel reservation, back off which drains out the energy source in sensor nodes.