WiSwitcher

This study aimed to increase the range of the wireless IEEE 802.11 b/g by adding the antenna gain, testing the performance of access point with router access point mode of the wireless IEEE 802.11 b/g, and comparing the performance of access point with router access point mode of the wireless IEEE 802.11 b/g.This research was conducted in Makassar. The method used was by performing direct performance measurement of end to end node, namely: delay time, throughput and Packet Loss. Wireless access point was placed on the SPN tower (Sekolah Tinggi Kepolisian Negara/College of Police of State) of Batua. Wireless clients were placed at 2.7 km, 5.36 km, 8.81 km and 10.82 km.The results showed that wireless IEEE 802.11 b/g can be used for data communications up to 10.82 km by adding 24 dB of antenna gain. Wireless with access point mode and router access point mode experienced 100% of packet loss with 60000 bytes of window size packets’ delivery and can handle only 1000 bytes of window size packets. The performance of wireless with access point mode was better than wireless with access point router mode, as follows: For access point packet: 0% of lost wireless, 8 ms of delay time, and 1 Mbps of throughput; On the other hand, for router access point packet: 30% of lost wireless, 26 ms of delay time, and 0.31 Mbps of throughput. Wireless 802.11 B/G can be used as data communication decive for cost-effective data acquisition and has not impact to carbon emission

In virtual power plants (VPPs), distributed devices (such as residential appliances, energy storage, and electric vehicles) communicate with control centers via wireless access points (APs). Nevertheless, with a massive number of devices connected to APs, VPPs would be adversely affected by packet loss and consequently suffer from revenue reduction. Therefore, devices’ access connections need to be delicately designated to mitigate these negative impacts. This paper studies the device access optimization problem from the perspective of VPP operations. An optimization model to minimize the revenue reduction induced by packet loss is first formulated to designate APs for devices in heterogeneous communication networks. The significance of various device data is determined by revenue reduction as a result of packet loss. Additionally, the heterogeneous access network model is established to characterize different types of APs. To make the model implementable, this paper further proposes a layered decomposition solution algorithm, which decomposes optimization tasks into small-scale sub-problems and successively assigns them to different layers of APs. Sub-problems are further decomposed for APs to greedily cut revenue reduction by evaluating devices’ marginal contributions to revenue reduction. Numerical case studies are also conducted to verify the benefits of device access optimization.

The efficient management of radio resources in today's home or residential Wi-Fi networks is still an open research question. Due to the chaotic and unplanned deployment of Wi-Fi Access Points (APs) and the fact that all APs are managed individually by their owners, home Wi-Fi networks suffer from performance degradation due to contention and interference. In this paper we present and showcase a distributed radio channel assignment scheme, implemented using the ResFi platform, in which neighboring home Wi-Fi APs cooperate with each other in order to negotiate radio channel selection by taking into account the instantaneous network load of neighboring APs (two hop neighborhood). While the information about the network load can be directly exchanged between ResFi-enabled APs using the ResFi out-of-band Internet control channel, the information about the network load of co-located non-ResFi APs first needs to be estimated passively by monitoring the data traffic on the radio channel. The presented demonstrator of the approach is implemented using commodity hardware and enables the audience to observe the distributed channel adaptation in real-time.

While the wireless local area network (WLAN) has been the most common technology for static indoor wireless services, its applications has limited performance in seamless mobile services because of its inherent static service transaction mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a mobility provisioning handoff method called dual cross-linking method to support seamless services in WLAN. A mobile node (MN) has two wireless interfaces and access points (APs) are controlled by a mobility management (MM) agent. In the area where the service areas of two adjacent APs are overlapped, one wireless interface is used to maintain the wireless services while the other interface searches for a next available AP. After finding a new AP, MN forms dual communication path from the MM to the MN so that the MN is ready to move to a newly found AP service area without service loss. Once the MN is moved to a new AP area, the first interface is disconnected leaving only one interface connection. It was proved that the proposed method can effectively reduce the handoff delay and packet loss through the analysis.

As the demand for high-throughput communications in wireless LANs increases, the need for expanding channel bandwidth also increases. However, the use of wider band channels results in the decrease of the number of channels available. Therefore, if multiple access points (APs) are in proximity and the cells overlap, it is difficult for each AP to use an orthogonal channel, and competitions thus increase between the APs using the same channel. To cope with this problem, this paper proposes coordinating APs to increase throughputs at Nash equilibria. A centralized controller coordinates the APs, which jointly select multibandwidth channels. To clarify the effect of coordinating APs, we assume a simple scenario where the cells of three APs overlap, and each AP can select multibandwidth channels. In this scenario, we consider two packet length assumptions. In the first case, the data bit amount of each packet is assumed to be the same. Thus, the packet length changes depending on a data rate. The other case assumes that the packet length is the same regardless of the data rate. Through game-theoretic analysis, it can be clarified that the coordinated APs are able to select channels more effectively than if each AP independently selects channels and that the total throughput of the coordinated APs at Nash equilibria is improved by at most 80 % in two packet length assumptions.

At Present, many schools have used wireless networks that are used to support wired networks. Cable network is used as an amplifier of access point to make internet access for users. The problems of networking using these cables can be a major constraint to inaccessible places that can reduce the flexibility of usage. The solution for this problem is to develop and implement Wireless Distribution System (WDS) on the access point. WDS is a system to develop wireless internet network without having to use cable as backbone for access point but to take advantage of wireless network path from access point. The parameters used in the WDS system are the parameters of jitter, througput, delay and packet loss. WDS performance can be analyzed so that will be known comparison of access point performance results with cable backbone.Keywords: AP (Access Point), WDS, Wireless Network

This paper explores the concept of AI-based Communication-as-a-Service (ACUTE) to reduce transmission delay and energy consumption, while transmitting data from end-devices to the cloud in the context of 5.0. 5.0 revolutionizes connected living with the help of a unified system that provides fully automated and end-to-end services, while addressing the demands of all the citizens or users in a society. On the other hand, 6G is one of the promising communication platforms that offers the communication requirements of 5.0 by provisioning dense network deployment and fast data delivery. Building 5.0 founded on the 6G architecture enables serialized data transmission in the connected living fabric by allowing a user to connect with an access point and transmit data over a single path. Without concurrent and intelligent data transmission, the communication framework of Society 5.0 increases network delay and overall energy consumption and affects the Quality-of-Service (QoS). To address these issues, we propose a solution founded on the concept of Communication-as-a-Service (CaaS), which offers an architecture to facilitate intelligent access point virtualization for enabling concurrency in data transmission across individual users in a 6G-enabled 5.0. In ACUTE, a virtual module (VM) employed at each edge device performs concurrent data transmissions by associating with a virtual access point (VAP), which is a set of access points optimally selected using Fuzzy C-Means. Thereafter, the VM forms a virtual path (VP), which maps to a set of paths between physical access points and VAPs. ACUTE distributes the data through the VAP and associated VP and randomizes data sequence for transmission across VP. Experimental results show that ACUTE outperforms the state-of-the-art while reducing the network delay by 27%, energy consumption by 95%, packet loss by 95%, and service cost by 26%.

The Palembang City Health Service has implemented the Wireless network as one of the services to connect to the internet, to expand the signal coverage in the City Government Service network, has been implemented wirelessly with a Wireless Distribution System (WDS) system that allows wireless interconnection in access points in the IEEE 802.11 network. This allows wireless networks to be developed using multiple APs (Access points) without having to require a network cable backbone to connect between networks. Users connected to the Hotspot at Palembang City Health Office are increasing year by year. This is seen from the number of access usage needs each year. The analysis that will be carried out on Palembang's health service wireless LAN network uses several parameters, namely Bandwidth, Throughput, Delay, and Packet Loss, where these parameters are used to see the quality of network services (QOS), so that the results of this research will be expected to provide solutions for the service the health of the city of Palembang in evaluating the quality of the network, especially wireless LAN so that it can overcome any problems that occur. Research methods using Action Research or action research is one form of research design, in action research researchers describe, interpret and explain a social situation at the same time by making changes or interventions with the aim of improvement or participation. The results of the QOS parameters are delay according to the TIPHON version, that a very good delay occurs at the Health Service from point 2, that is location 2 to location 3, with a delay of under 150 milli second (ms).

PurposeWireless local area networks (WLANs) are the predominant option for broadband wireless access network, and multiple access points (APs) will be much more available for wireless stations (WSTAs). Call admission control (CAC) on AP selection problem over 802.11 WLAN is a critical issue. In the existing architecture, strongest‐signal‐first is the default AP selection mechanism in 802.11 WLAN which uses the single criterion, received signal strength indicator, to select AP. However, this method suffers from bandwidth deficiency and unbalanced load among APs due to the uneven distribution of user load, thus degrading the system throughput. Instead, the purpose of this paper is to propose a multi‐criteria CAC on AP selection algorithms.Design/methodology/approachThe distributed multi‐criteria considered in order are RSSI, minimum required bandwidth of WSTA, estimated effective bandwidth (EEB) and AP‐WSTA distance. A semiMarkov model considering both packet retransmission limit, packet error rate and collision effect is proposed to predict the system throughput and validated through simulation results. Two multi‐criteria AP selection algorithms after EEB is evaluated are proposed and compared based on this analytical model.FindingsThe proposed algorithms outperform the traditional SSF algorithm in terms of the balance index for AP and the average system throughput.Originality/valveThe paper presents performance analysis for multi‐criteria CAC for distributed access point selection in WLANs.

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the potential role of Smartphones and other portable wireless devices as relay nodes in message dissemination and content delivery in Delay Tolerant and Opportunistic networks depend on the knowledge about patterns and the number of encounter events among mobile nodes. One of the main challenges for extracting encounters is overlapping in the radio coverage areas of nearby access points (APs). Data about the usage of Wi-Fi networks can be used to perform an analysis of encounters among mobile devices. A realistic estimation of the number of encounters among mobile nodes is now a big challenge. In this paper, the effects of overlapping of radio coverage area among multiple APs for extracting realistic encounters among mobile devices has been discussed, and also an analytical approach has been proposed for extracting realistic encounters from overlapping in the coverage areas of multiple nearby APs. A significant difference was observed between the number of encounters by considering and ignoring overlapping. Our study finds that Wi-Fi datasets are not reliable source to estimate the number of encounters when there are overlapping in radio coverage areas of multiple APs.

The development of internet technology currently has a significant impact on education, so that it can support the learning process in a school. As one of the public schools in Malang district, SD Negeri 01 Jambearjo has utilized the internet network to support the learning process at school. However, the use of the internet network at SD Negeri 01 Jambearjo is currently still not optimized. This study discusses the comparative analysis of the performance of Mikrotik-based Wireless Access Point (WAP) and Virtual Access Point (VAP) at SD Negeri 01 Jambearjo. This research was conducted to find out which system is better to use in SD Negeri 01 Jambearjo. The WAP and VAP network systems are used by Mikrotik RB941-2nD to configure or control access points centrally. In the WAP network, an access point is used that is connected to the Mikrotik using a LAN cable, while the VAP network uses the CAPsMAN mode which combines two Mikrotik RB941-2nD with a LAN cable. The testing process uses parameters based on Quality of Service, including throughput, packet loss, delay, and jitter. In the Quality of Service test, the Wireshark application is used. The test results on the WAP network obtained an average throughput value of 3034 kbps, with packet loss of 3.16%, delay of 2.840 ms, and jitter of 0 ms. While on the VAP network, the average throughput value is 1479 kbps, with packet loss of 9.9%, delay of 4.945 ms, and jitter of 0.0011 ms. Based on the test results, the analysis results show that the WAP network has better quality than the VAP network for use in SD Negeri 01 Jambearjo.

In this paper, we consider the stochastic network with dynamic traffic. The spatial distribution of access points (APs) and users are modeled as mutually independent Poisson point processes. Different from most of the previous literature works, which assume that all the APs are fully loaded, we consider the fact that APs having no data to transmit do not generate interference to users. The APs opportunistically share the channel according to the existence of the packet to be transmitted and the proposed interference suppression strategy. In the interference suppression region, only one AP can be active at a time to transmit the packet on the channel and the other adjacent APs keep silent to reduce serious interference. The idle probability of any AP, influenced by the traffic load and availability of the channels, is analyzed. The density of simultaneously active APs in the network is obtained, and the packet loss rate is further elaborated. We reveal the impacts of network features (e.g., AP density, user density, and channel state) and service features (e.g., user request and packet size) on the network performance.

Mobile edge computing (MEC) is an innovative computing paradigm to enhance the computing capacity of mobile devices (MDs) by offloading computation‐intensive tasks to MEC servers. With the widespread deployment of wireless local area networks, each MD can offload computation task to server via multiple wireless access points (WAPs). However, computation offloading can bring a higher system cost if all users select the same access points to offload their tasks. This study proposes a computation offloading strategy and resource allocation optimisation scheme in a multiple wireless access points network with MEC, which aims to minimise the system cost by providing the optimal computation offloading strategy, transmission power allocation, bandwidth assignment, and computation resource scheduling. The proposed scheme decouples the optimisation problem into subproblems of offloading strategy and resource allocation since the problem is NP‐hard. The offloading strategy involves the optimal access point selection, which is analysed by the potential game. The resource allocation is obtained using Lagrange multiplier. The authors' analysis and simulation results verify the convergence performance of the proposed scheme, and the proposed scheme outperforms the simple resource allocation scheme and the offloading strategy optimisation scheme in terms of the system cost.

Overlaid cellular technology has been considered as a promising candidate to enhance the capacity and extend the coverage of cellular networks, particularly indoors. The deployment of small cells (e.g. femtocells and/or picocells) in an overlaid setup is expected to reduce the operational power and to function satisfactorily with the existing cellular architecture. Among the possible deployments of small-cell access points is to manage many of them to serve specific spatial locations, while reusing the available spectrum universally. This contribution considers the aforementioned scenario with the objective to serve as many active users as possible when the available downlink spectrum is overloaded. The case study is motivated by the importance of realizing universal resource sharing in overlaid networks, while reducing the load of distributing available resources, satisfying downlink multi-channel assignment, controlling the aggregate level of interference, and maintaining desired design/operation requirements. These objectives need to be achieved in distributed manner in each spatial space with as low processing load as possible when the feedback links are capacity-limited, multiple small-cell access points can be shared, and data exchange between access points can not be coordinated. This contribution is summarized as follows. An adaptive downlink multi-channel assignment scheme when multiple co-channel and shared small-cell access points are allocated to serve active users is proposed. It is assumed that the deployed access points employ isotropic antenna arrays of arbitrary sizes, operate using the open-access strategy, and transmit on shared physical channels simultaneously. Moreover, each active user can be served by a single transmit channel per each access point at a time, and can sense the concurrent interference level associated with each transmit antenna channel non-coherently. The proposed scheme aims to identify a suitable subset of transmit channels in operating access points such that certain limits on the aggregate interference or number of serving access points are satisfied, while reducing the load of processing. The applicability of the results for some scenarios, including the identification of interference-free channels in operating access points is explained. Numerical and simulations results are shown to clarify achieved gains with the use of the proposed scheme under various operating conditions.

Wireless LANs have been widely deployed, and multiple access points (APs) will be much more likely to be available there for STAs, which can roam from one AP to another by some rule. We here focus on an efficient and fair way to use the wireless access resources provided by multiple APs. In particular, our major concern is to develop a decentralized way to enable each of STAs to select an appropriate one of available APs independently. A straightforward way is to select an AP with strongest signal, which will be, however, shown to need further improvement. Hence, we propose decentralized AP selection strategies to achieve an efficient and fair share of wireless access resources, and evaluate them by simulations. Through our results, the proposed strategies can attain an excellent throughput performance by use of the number of active STAs sharing each AP even if STAs employ the strategies only when entering the wireless LAN. In addition, if STAs roam from one AP to another in response to changing situation, the total throughput and fairness can be further improved very much. keyword