Worry and problem solving: Evidence of a specific relationship

A Norwegian version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) was administered to 304 undergraduate students together with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (MOCI). The PSWQ was also administered to a community sample comprising 879 subjects, together with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI II) and the White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI). Structural equation modeling showed that a three-factor solution of the PSWQ gave the best goodness of fit. The Norwegian version of the PSWQ demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity in both samples. Females scored higher than males on PSWQ.

Capturing worry in daily life: Are trait questionnaires sufficient?

BackgroundFamilial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a systemic autoinflammatory disease requiring lifelong treatment, characterized by recurrent episodes of fever, arthritis, and serositis. Recent studies denote an association between FMF and behavioral...

Nowadays, infertility is one of the health issues in public health. Women with infertility suffer from a wide range of psychological problems. The goal of this study was to evaluate depression, sexual dysfunction and quality of life in Iranian women with infertility. In this study, 189 infertile women enrolled. All participants were asked to fill valid and reliable Persian versions of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), SF-36 and female sexual function index (FSFI). Mean age and mean duration of marriage were 28±5.9 and 5.9±0.3 years, respectively. One hundred and fifteen (60.8%) women had primary infertility and the remaining subjects (39.2%) secondary infertility. Mean BDI, BAI, FSFI and their domains as well as quality of life subscales were not significantly different between the two groups. There was a significant correlation between BDI, BAI, FSFI and subscales and domains of quality of life. Women with either primary or secondary infertility did not differ in terms of depression, anxiety, sexual function and quality of life domains.

Metacognitive therapy versus disorder-specific CBT for comorbid anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial

Subthreshold anxiety better defined by symptom self-report than by diagnostic interview

This study aimed to analyze the relations between smartphone addiction, personality traits, achievement motivation and problem-solving ability and explore the influence of smartphone addiction, personality traits, achievement motivation on university students' problem-solving ability. 682 students (male = 227, female = 455) from a Chinese public university participated in the research voluntarily. Data were collected by the short-version of the smartphone addiction scale, the ten-item personality inventory, the achievement motives scale, and the social problem-solving inventory. The correlations and multiple hierarchical regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results were as follows: Firstly, it was found that there was a significant negative correlation between smartphone addiction and achievement motivation and problem-solving ability, a significant positive correlation between achievement motivation and problem-solving ability, and a significant correlation between the factors of personality traits and smartphone addiction and problem-solving ability respectively. Secondly, it was found that emotional stability of personality traits, smartphone addiction and the "fear of failure" sub-dimensions of achievement motivation significantly explained problem-solving ability. Based on these research results, some suggestions were given for the improvement of the educational field.

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study was to examine whether participation in a 12-month multimodal intervention would improve mood and cognitive function in adults with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods: In this one-arm, open-label feasibility trial, participants were prescribed a home-based multimodal intervention, including (1) a modified Paleolithic diet; (2) an exercise program (stretching and strengthening of the trunk and lower limb muscles); (3) neuromuscular electrical stimulation (EStim) of trunk and lower limb muscles; and (4) stress management (meditation and self-massage). Individuals completed measures of mood (Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories) and cognitive (Cognitive Stability Index, Cognitive Screening Test, Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System) and executive function (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the start of the intervention. Dosage of the multimodal intervention was assessed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.Results: The more individuals participated in the intervention activities, the greater improvements they had from baseline to 12 months on self-report measures of anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI]; ps = 0.001 to 0.02), depression (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]; ps = <0.0001 to 0.09), cognitive function (Cognitive Stability Index [CSI/T], Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System [DKEFS]; ps = 0.001 to 0.06), and executive function (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale [WAIS]; ps = <0.0001 to 0.09). Mood and cognitive improvements were more closely related to a higher intake of the modified Paleolithic diet than to exercise and stress management dosage. Anxiety and depression changes were evident after just a few months, whereas changes in cognitive function were generally not observed until later in the intervention period. Mood and cognitive function changes from baseline to 12 months were significantly associated with fatigue improvements (ps = <0.0001 to 0.03).Conclusions: A modified Paleolithic diet, exercise, EStim, and stress management intervention like this one has the potential to improve the mood and cognitive symptoms that can lead to considerable suffering in people with MS, potentially improving quality of life and function for people with progressive MS.

Very few studies have examined the concept of fear in older adults. Moreover, there is no self-report measure of fear that has been shown to be psychometrically sound for use with older individuals. The primary purposes of the present study were: (a) to develop a measure of self-reported fear that includes fears relevant to older adulthood, (b) to develop a measure for assessing daily interference associated with fears, and (c) to examine the psychometric properties of this new instrument. Secondarily, preliminary findings from Kogan and Edelstein (1997) raise the question of why some older adults report interference resulting from fear whereas others do not. Another goal, therefore, was to gather pilot data to examine the contributions of several factors (i.e., number of fears endorsed, fear intensity, worry, anxiety, depression, fear avoidance, and gender) to daily interference that is associated with fear. In the first study, 109 participants, age 60 through 91, completed a demographic questionnaire and answered an open-ended question about what types of fears they experience. These fears were then included on a modified version of the Fear Survey Schedule-II (FSS-II-OA) and administered in the second study. In Study Two, 114 participants (age 60 through 88) completed a demographic questionnaire, Fear Survey Schedule-II for Older Adults (FSS-II-OA), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and questions regarding fear avoidance. Results from the second study indicated high levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability for total scores on the FSS-II-OA. Test-retest reliability estimates were mixed for individual fear intensity and daily interference items on the FSS-II-OA. Low-moderate to moderate correlations were found between the FSS-II-OA and BAI, BDI-II, and PSWQ. In addition, a stepwise multiple regression was performed between fear interference (DV) and number of fears endorsed, fear intensity, worry, anxiety, depression, avoidance, and gender (IVs). 73% of the variance was accounted for by fear intensity, anxiety, and fear avoidance. Suggestions for future research on the measurement of fear in older adults are provided.

Mood state in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy

Nursing students should be prepared in their areas of education to practice their abilities in problem solving which increase their self esteem. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was assessing self-esteem among nursing students at Technical Institute of Nursing at Benha and Ain Shams University through: identifying nursing students knowledge about problem solving at Technical Institute of Nursing at Benha and Ain Shams University, measuring nursing students problem solving abilities at Technical Institute of Nursing at Benha and Ain Shams University, also investigating the relation between students problem solving abilities and their self-esteem at Technical Institute of Nursing at Benha and Ain Shams University. Design: Cross-sectional analytical study was utilized to conduct the study .Setting: The study was conducted at Benha and Ain Shams Technical Institute of Nursing .The study sample: composed of 285 nursing students as: 210 students from Benha University and 75 students from Ain Shams University were recruited for the study. Tools of data collection: Three tools were utilized for data collection of this study; problem solving knowledge questionnaire sheet composed of 21 multiple choose questions, problem solving abilities questionnaire sheet composed of six groups of questions and self –esteem scale composed of 20 items divided into three sub-scales. Results: The study findings revealed that the majority of students (74.4%) were having unsatisfactory total knowledge of problem solving, less than two thirds (61.4 %) having total adequate problem solving ability and slightly less than half of the nursing students (48.1%) were having high self esteem. Conclusion: There was statistically significant positive correlation between problem solving knowledge and abilities, also there was statistically significant positive correlation between nursing student's self esteem and their problem solving abilities. The study recommended: Technical Institutes of Nursing should adopt problem solving educational approach with training teachers in its application and students need more support and practice to increase their abilities, skills and increasing their self esteem which needs some consideration. Further research is suggested to assess the effectiveness of improving problem solving abilities of nursing students on their self esteem.

Introduction Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread muscle pain,with an unclear etiology. Pain-related behaviors are often closely tied to the individual’s mental state. This has made FM a significant area of psychiatric research, highlighting the need to understand the psychological factors that influence disease progression. Objectives We aim to explore differences in psychological resilience between FM patients and healthy controls and its relationship with depression,anxiety,and fibromyalgia symptoms. Specifically,we seek to understand how resilience may influence disease development and progression. By examining these factors, the study aims to clarify the underlying causes of fibromyalgia,is closely linked to psychiatric factors and remains poorly understood in terms of etiology. Methods The study included FM patients treated at the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Çanakkale 18 Mart University and a control group of healthy volunteers matched for demographic factors. Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analog Scale(VAS) and functional disability was assessed with the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire(FIQ). Participants completed sociodemographic forms, the Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), and the Psychological Resilience Scale(PRS). Results The study involved 40 female patients with FM and 35 healthy controls. No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of demographic factors. The FM group showed significantly higher scores for BDI,BAI and PRS compared to controls (p&lt;0.001 for BDI and BAI; p =0.04 for PRS). Correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations between pain intensity and both PRS total and PRS dedication scores (r=-0.34, p=0.02; r =-0.35, p =0.02). Additionally,FIQ scores were negatively correlated with PRS dedication scores(r=-0.37, p=0.01). (Table 1). Table 1: Psychological Status and Performance Scales (BDI, BAI, PRS, etc.) Variable FM (n, %) &amp; mean ± SD Control (n, %) &amp; mean ± SD Statistics p BDI 20.20 ± 11.54 7.77 ± 6.79 5.58 &lt;0.001 BAI 24.90 ± 13.14 9.0 ± 6.97 6.40 &lt;0.001 PRS Total 54.92 ± 10.67 59.08 ± 10.27 -1.71 0.09 Challenge 21.22 ± 5.82 21.11 ± 5.50 0.08 0.93 Dedication 17.75 ± 5.14 19.54 ± 4.24 -1.63 0.10 Control 16.25 ± 5.01 18.38 ± 3.70 -2.05 0.04 BMI: Body Mass Index, BDI: Beck Depression Inventory, BAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory, PRS: Psychological Resilience Scale Conclusions This study highlights the complex interplay between psychological resilience,depression,anxiety and pain in FM patients. Psychological resilience was not significantly lower in FM patients compared to healthy individuals,but higher levels of depression and anxiety were inversely related to resilience.These findings underscore the need for treatment approaches that not only address physical symptoms but also aim to enhance psychological resilience in order to improve the overall quality of life in FM patients. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction In-person cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can reduce self-reported anxiety in older adults. However, studies are limited for remote CBT. We assessed the effectiveness of remote CBT in mitigating self-reported anxiety in older adults. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis based on a literature search of PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, and Cochrane databases up to March 31, 2021, for randomized controlled clinical trials comparing the effectiveness of remote CBT versus non-CBT controls on mitigating self-reported anxiety in older adults. We calculated within-group pre-to-post-treatment standardized mean difference using Cohen's d, obtained the difference between a remote CBT group and a non-CBT control group as our effect size for cross-study comparison, and conducted a random-effects meta-analysis. Changes in scores on self-reported anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 item Scale, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, or Penn State Worry Questionnaire – Abbreviated), and self-reported depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item Scale or Beck Depression Inventory) were primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Results Six eligible studies, containing 633 participants with a pooled mean age of 66.6 years, were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. There was a significant mitigating effect of intervention on self-reported anxiety, favoring remote CBT over non-CBT controls (between-group effect size: −0.63; 95% CI: −0.99 to −0.28). We also found a significant mitigating effect of intervention on self-reported depressive symptoms (between-group effect size: −0.74; 95% CI: −1.24 to −0.25). Discussion Remote CBT is more effective in reducing self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms than non-CBT control in older adults.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease characterized by relapses and remissions, causing physical disability and affecting individuals psychosocially. In this study, we aimed to assess anxiety and depression levels, sleep, and quality of life in MS patients. The study included 66 participants, 30 healthy controls, and 36 patients diagnosed with MS. All participants were administered the Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Form, Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Instrument (MSQOL-54), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The PSQI, EDSS, BDI, and BAI scores of MS patients were found to be significantly higher, while the MSQOL-54 score was considerably lower than the healthy control group (p<0.001). In the patient group, there was a positive correlation between PSQI score and BDI (r=0.599, p<0.001) and BAI (r=0.633, p<0.001), while there was a negative correlation between PSQI and MSQOL-54 (r=0.705, p<0.001) and the duration of MS diagnosis (r=-0.364, p=0.029). A positive correlation was found between the EDSS score and BDI (r=0.401, p=0.015) and the number of hospitalizations (r=0.566, p<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation observed between MSQOL-54 and BDI (r=-0.807, p<0.001) as well as BAI (r=-0.834, p<0.001). There is a significant positive relationship between BDI and BAI (r=0.828, p<0.001). Our research revealed that individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis exhibit elevated levels of anxiety and depression symptoms when compared to a healthy control group. Additionally, they tend to experience lower sleep quality and overall quality of life. The provision of necessary psychiatric interventions to these patients following their diagnosis can enable them to accept the disease and actively participate in treatment, thereby positively impacting their quality of life.

Caregiving to a family member with cancer might have health implications. However, limited research has investigated the psychophysical health of home-cared cancer patients family caregivers. In a previous study, we have found that a prolonged worry in daily life is a crucial variable compared to caregivers' psychophysical symptomatology. This investigation was designed to further examine the well-being of family caregivers, explore the domains of worry, and assess to what extent "content-dependent" worry could be associated with the caregivers' health The sample consisted of 100 family caregivers of oncological patients assisted at home. Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires (Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Worry Domain Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Family Strain Questionnaire Short Form, and Psychophysiological Questionnaire of the Battery CBA 2.0). The level of worry was medium-high among participants, and caregivers worry more about their occupation and future. Depression, anxiety, and somatic symptomatology levels resulted mild, while strain level resulted high. Statistical analyses confirm the conclusions of the previous study, revealing a significant positive correlation between worry levels and caregivers' psychophysical health. Innovatively, it has been highlighted that who has higher scores of content-dependent worry shows also higher levels of strain, somatic symptoms, anxiety, and depression Not only trait-worry ("content-free" measure) but also content-dependent worry is associated with strain and negative health outcomes. People may worry about different targets, and it might be useful to further investigate what are the specific worriers of family caregivers in order to promote their physical and emotional well-being.