Zero-Trust Identity Governance for Multi-Cloud Enterprises: A Comprehensive Framework for Modern Security Architecture

The paper systematizes the key factors influencing the formation of effective strategic decisions in the industry, such as environmental challenges, the international context of operations, innovation development, and management efficiency. Based on the conducted research, new approaches are proposed that will help companies improve resilience, operational efficiency, and compliance with modern corporate responsibility requirements. The main novelty of the article is the proposed classification of ESG principles adapted to the specifics of the shipping industry. Unlike traditional ESG models, our classification focuses on the specific environmental, social, and governance challenges faced by shipping companies, enabling them to adapt to new regulatory and market conditions.The practical value of the research lies in its potential to enhance the competitiveness and long-term sustainability of shipping companies through the effective integration of ESG principles into their strategic management. The proposed approaches and principles have the potential to reduce environmental risks, attract investors, and improve corporate reputation. The implementation of these principles can significantly facilitate decision-making processes in companies, ensuring their alignment with contemporary challenges and sustainable development trends.

The insider threat poses a significant and increasing problem for organizations. This is shown by the regular stories of fraud and data loss reported daily in the media in the US and elsewhere. There is a need to provide systematic protection from insider attacks because of their privileged access. We have developed a three-layer security architecture containing the physical, logical and social levels that we use to analyze the insider threat holistically to prevent, detect and recover from attacks. We examine destructive insider attacks, but the same analysis can be straightforwardly applied to the other main classes of insider threat from financial fraud and information theft. Our practical security model appears to have widespread application to other problem domains such as critical infrastructure and financial systems, as it allows the analysis of systems in their entirety including human and physical factors, not just as technical systems.

Trusted Computing is a relatively new approach to computer security in which a system should be permanently maintained in a well-defined state - and therefore it will reside in a trustworthy state. The word "trustworthy" in this context means that the system always behaves in a specific way as defined by the platform manufacturer and/or the administrator/owner. A key element of this approach is to employ a security module, which is implemented in hardware, and which is tied to the platform so as to serve as a trust anchor. Based on that ’root of trust’ and other features, an effective security architecture is proposed in this research. Virtualization techniques, which were formerly developed for server consolidation, cost reduction, and conservation of energy are now gaining more and more interest in the field of trusted computing. Virtualization can greatly enhance the security of a system by isolating applications, or even whole operating systems, by splitting the computer system into smaller parts, whose integrity can be more easily assured. This project is concerned with the development of a system that will effectively combine the isolation features of the virtualization schemes with a state-of-the-art hardware security module. This system will provide reliable protection against sophisticated software-based attacks and will withstand elementary hardware-based attacks. The building block approach of this proposed security architecture makes sure that many different application fields can archive a high level of security by combining the appropriate components. The research examines some emerging approaches to computer security and proposes a novel security architecture based on a hardware trust anchor. An experimental system is developed to provide a ’proof-of-concept’ model for evaluation. The target application area for the architecture is the embedded computing space, in particular x86 based architectures. The selection of hardware elements and the choice of hypervisor are discussed and justified. The assumptions on the features of the architecture are evaluated and validated in the context of potential security improvements. Future research in this niche area is proposed.

Special issue: Environmental, Health and Social legacies of mining activities in Sub-Saharan Africa

Web services are applications that can be accessed via widely accepted standards such as HTTP and XML. Since they are based on message exchanges on the Internet, there are always security risks as messages could be stolen, lost, or modified. Fortunately there are security standards such as SSL, and emerging standards such as XML digital signatures. With these technologies, safe information exchange among trading partners can be ensured. On the other hand, there exist security architectures within enterprise environments that are recipient of the incoming messages. Therefore, we must concern how the security information accompanying incoming messages should be processed there. In this paper, we review security information items coming with SOAP (Simple Object Accessing Protocol) messages, and discuss how each item can be processed by constructs in enterprise systems. In our analysis, we consider alternate mappings, and evaluate their advantages in terms of performance and manageability.

This research examines the construction techniques and principles of sustainability in the architecture of Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, one of the most prominent examples of Islamic architecture. The main goal is to identify the sustainability elements of this mosque, emphasizing the use of local materials and traditional methods so that it can be presented as a model for contemporary architecture. The research deals with environmental challenges and the need to design sustainable buildings in today's world, which is faced with a decrease in natural resources and an increase in demand. In this regard, the research questions are: 1- What construction and architectural techniques have been used in the Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque that have contributed to its stability and durability over time? 2- How can the sustainability techniques in the architecture of Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque be used as a model for the design of contemporary buildings? The method of this research is considered interpretative-historical. Its content has been prepared and adjusted using descriptive-analytical and library-documentary studies as well as field studies. The findings show that the Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque has achieved stability and durability by using architectural techniques in accordance with climatic conditions. The conclusion emphasizes that the principles of Islamic architecture, especially the use of local materials and environmentally friendly methods, can inspire contemporary architecture. The implications of this research include providing practical models for today's architects who seek to design sustainable and environmentally friendly buildings. The key contribution of this research is in reviving traditional techniques and matching them with new technologies. The novelty and originality of this research is that, for the first time, it has carefully examined Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque from the perspective of sustainability and links these concepts to contemporary architecture, which can be influential in the design of future buildings.

Amalgamation has always been the preferred means of improving the operational efficiency of Australian local government through structural reform. However, its implicit assumption that ‘bigger is better’ has scant empirical support, especially regarding the question of economies of scale. This article considers the results of a survey of general managers in New South Wales that sought to solicit opinion on which services should be provided locally and which services should be provided on a regional basis. The results of the survey suggest that respondents felt that only some services would benefit from regional provision thereby not undermining only weakening the argument for amalgamation as a panacea, but also implicitly rejecting the view that economies of scale are ubiquitous across all services.

The security flaws of the current the IEEE 802.11 standard are well known and have widely been publicized. To provide improvements in security and enhance the current 802.11 MAC, the IEEE 802.11i task group has proposed a new security architecture called Robust Security Network (RSN). The proposed improvements in the new architecture focus on two areas; the IEEE 802.1X standard for access control and encryption using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). RSN uses a pairwise key exchange protocol utilizing 802.1X for mutual authentication. In this paper, we present two alternative pair-wise key exchange protocols to provide mutual authentication in Robust Security Networks. We utilize the same message structures used in RSN and reduce the number of handshake messages. These alternative protocols improve the timing requirements for mobility in WLANs, reduce channel contention, and decrease computational load on all users in WLANs. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of our proposed protocols in terms of complexity and vulnerabilities.

Large Language Model-powered agents increasingly operate with privileged system access across critical enterprise environments, yet existing security approaches—including prompt sanitisation, input filtering, and behavioural guardrails—fail to address vulnerabilities inherent to neural architectures processing natural language instructions. Prompt sanitisation proves ineffective against semantic obfuscation and indirect injection attacks where malicious content enters through legitimate data retrieval channels. Behavioural guardrails lack formal trust boundaries, enabling adversaries to gradually corrupt agent behaviour through multi-turn interactions. Current privilege models assume static role assignments incompatible with dynamic agent operational requirements. This article presents TrustGuard, a security architecture implementing formal trust context separation for autonomous AI agents through three core mechanisms addressing confidentiality, integrity, and privilege minimisation: dual-path processing with cryptographic verification establishing mathematically provable isolation between system instructions and external inputs (integrity); continuous behavioural attestation achieving real-time anomaly detection (confidentiality protection); and dynamic privilege containment reducing permission exposure windows through just-in-time allocation (privilege minimisation). Production deployments across financial services, healthcare, and cloud infrastructure environments processing over 2.3 million transactions demonstrate TrustGuard's effectiveness against documented attack patterns including prompt injection, context poisoning, and privilege escalation attempts. Controlled adversarial testing establishes superior defensive capabilities compared to baseline implementations, achieving 4.2% attack success rate against direct injection compared to 26.2% for prompt sanitisation approaches. The empirical validation establishes quantifiable security improvements for privileged AI agent deployments whilst maintaining acceptable operational overhead.

As a vital contributor to Indonesia’s GDP, the manufacturing industry plays a strategic economic role but also stands as a leading cause of environmental degradation, notably through carbon emissions, energy intensity, and industrial waste. In response, green manufacturing has gained global traction as a strategic approach to align industrial growth with ecological responsibility. However, existing literature remains divided on whether green manufacturing alone suffices to enhance sustainability performance, particularly in emerging economies with varying regulatory enforcement and innovation capabilities. However, existing literature remains divided on whether green manufacturing alone suffices to enhance sustainability performance, particularly in emerging economies with varying regulatory enforcement and innovation capabilities. A key issue lies in understanding whether eco-innovation is merely a byproduct of green manufacturing practices or if it plays a more strategic role as an enabling mechanism that allows firms to translate green initiatives into tangible improvements in sustainability performance. Despite its relevance, empirical investigations on this relationship remain limited, especially in the Indonesian manufacturing context, such as in East Java, a region undergoing rapid industrialization while facing persistent environmental and productivity challenges. This study aims to investigate the impact of green manufacturing on firms’ sustainability performance, emphasizing the mediating role of eco-innovation. Drawing on quantitative data from manufacturing firms listed in the PROPER environmental rating program, this study employs Structural Equation Modeling with PLS (SEM-PLS) to test the proposed relationships. The results confirm that eco-innovation significantly mediates the relationship, reinforcing the idea that green manufacturing alone is not sufficient—its effectiveness depends on the firm’s ability to innovate sustainably across processes, products, and business models. The findings contribute to the ongoing scholarly debate by affirming that eco-innovation is not a passive outcome but an active mediator that amplifies the benefits of green manufacturing. This study provides both theoretical insights and practical recommendations for policymakers and industry leaders to strategically integrate innovation into green manufacturing efforts to achieve long-term environmental and operational resilience.

Vernacular urbanism, which encompasses traditional architectural and planning practices rooted in local culture and environmental conditions, presents valuable insights for modern urban design. As modern cities face increasing challenges such as environmental sustainability, cultural homogenization and climate change, the significance of these traditional practices becomes more apparent. In this context, it is argued that understanding and integrating vernacular practices can enhance contemporary urban design by merging historical knowledge with modern needs. This paper examines the integration of vernacular urbanism— traditional architectural and urban planning practices—into contemporary city design by employing a qualitative approach through case studies across various Indian cities such as Mumbai, Kochi, Jaipur and Jaisalmer, drawing on various data sources including historical texts, architectural treatises. By examining these, the study uncovers the evolution of vernacular urban practices and their applicability to contemporary urban design challenges. The paper concludes that integrating vernacular principles into the design of contemporary cities creates a harmonious balance between heritage preservation and advancing modern developments. This approach effectively bridges the gap between historical knowledge and contemporary urban planning, resulting in more livable, sustainable urban environments.

The technology develops very rapidly. Artificial Intelligence is used in the different industries; therefore it has exceeded the limits of being just set of tools for automatization, every day workflow. Technologies are involved in every industry started from IoT to critical infrastructure (for example, energy sector) and processes. Over the last decades remote services and cloud-based technologies have become very important. Because of increased number of connected devices, existing mobile network standards are not able to totally provide reliable services. New critical services have generated the need where latency is more crucial than bandwidth. Hence, engineers have started working on new standard—5th Generation Network. By satisfying 3 key requirements from 3GPP, 5G network will start new era of wireless communications. Which will arise new opportunities for human being. In the other hand, it is obvious that, new technologies, functionalities always form extra threats and attack vectors. As virtualization is core component of 5th generation network, new standard will be more vulnerable to software-based attacks. Even 5G has better encryption and some security improvement, there are still major threats, that should be solved before launching 5G in mass usage. Existing architecture of 5G network has a gap which lets attacker to make a MITM attack. Using MITM testers have performed Battery Draining, MNmap, Downgrading, Sensitive Data Sniffing Attacks and etc. Solution, described in this work represents the concept how should be secure architecture of 5G network. Idea is theoretical and concentrated on the UE attach process with Base Stations. The solution mitigates the MITM attacks. Also the disadvantages of the system are analyzed.Keywords5GSecuritySecure architecture of 5GMITM in 5G designFake base stationMNmapBattery draining

Contemporary environmental challenges significantly impact the Olympic legacy, necessitating adaptations and sustainable policies. Climate change, manifested through rising global temperatures, reduced natural snowfall, and increased frequency of extreme weather events, affects both the organization of competitions and the viability of traditional host locations. The development of infrastructure required for the Games contributes to habitat degradation, deforestation, and biodiversity loss. Air and water pollution, exacerbated by Olympic activities, along with massive waste generation, pose additional challenges, particularly in host cities with underdeveloped waste management systems. Intensive consumption of natural resources, such as water and construction materials, further worsens issues in ecologically vulnerable regions. Social and ecological inequalities also arise, including the displacement of local communities and the uneven distribution of environmental and economic costs. To mitigate these effects, it is essential to integrate sustainability principles through the use of existing infrastructure, adoption of strict environmental standards, and implementation of carbon footprint reduction policies. Promoting ecological education and innovative solutions can transform the Olympic Games into a model of best practices for sustainable global events. The modern visions promoted by National Olympic Committees (NOCs) reflect a growing commitment to organizing environmentally friendly Olympic Games, integrated into global sustainability strategies. These initiatives prioritize reducing the ecological impact of sporting events, aligning with international objectives for environmental protection and climate change mitigation. Measures adopted include the use of existing infrastructure or temporary facilities to minimize habitat degradation and resource consumption. Sustainable planning involves transitioning to renewable energy sources for powering venues, reducing carbon emissions through green transportation, and efficiently managing waste through recycling and reuse. Additionally, NOCs promote environmental education among athletes, officials, and the public, emphasizing the Games' role as a platform for global awareness. Circular economy principles are incorporated into organizational processes, while collaborations with private and public sector partners support the implementation of innovative, eco-friendly technologies. These modern visions, reflected in initiatives such as the International Olympic Committee's Agenda 2020+5, reinforce the commitment to transforming the Olympic Games into a model of environmental leadership, contributing to a sustainable legacy for the long term. Ensuring global ecological standards within the Olympic Movement requires the adoption and promotion of strategic and multidimensional actions with a long-term impact on global sustainability. Key identified measures: ✓ Development of sustainable infrastructure Designing and utilizing facilities that adhere to ecological principles, such as reducing energy consumption, using recyclable materials, and constructing venues with minimal impact on ecosystems. ✓ Reducing the carbon footprint Introducing eco-friendly transportation for delegations and spectators, utilizing renewable energy across all Olympic facilities, and offsetting emissions through ecological restoration projects and reforestation initiatives. ✓ Efficient waste management Implementing advanced waste collection and recycling systems, reducing single-use materials, and promoting the circular economy at every stage of event organization. ✓ Environmental education and awareness Conducting awareness campaigns for athletes, spectators, and host communities on the environmental impact of actions, while integrating sustainability as a core value of the Olympic Movement. ✓ Adopting international environmental standards Aligning Olympic strategies with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and international climate agreements, such as the Paris Agreement. ✓ Continuous monitoring and evaluation Establishing a transparent system for reporting environmental performance and implementing audit mechanisms to ensure compliance with established standards. Through these actions, the Olympic Movement can position itself as a global leader in promoting sustainability, reinforcing its role as a model of ecological best practices, and actively contributing to environmental protection. Olympic education serves as a strategic tool for promoting ecological sustainability within the Olympic Games, aiming to encourage behavioral and cultural changes necessary for environmental protection. This educational dimension, embedded in the values of Olympism, facilitates awareness of human activities' impact on ecosystems and promotes the adoption of sustainable practices in the long term. Educational initiatives include programs targeted at athletes, organizers, spectators, and host communities, focusing on topics such as reducing carbon footprints, conserving natural resources, and managing waste. Awareness campaigns surrounding the Olympic Games leverage digital platforms, workshops, seminars, and partnerships with educational institutions to amplify ecological messages. A central aspect is integrating concepts of circular economy and environmental responsibility into sporting and organizational activities, emphasizing sustainability across all stages, from planning to implementation. Additionally, Olympic educational programs aim to create a lasting legacy by fostering generations aware of their role in protecting the environment. Through initiatives such as Agenda 2020+5, Olympic education becomes a cornerstone of transforming the Olympic Games into a model for sustainable events, contributing to global environmental goals and reinforcing the role of Olympism as a promoter of sustainable development. Contemporary environmental challenges represent a significant threat to the Olympic legacy, influencing both the organization of the Olympic Games and their impact on the environment, economy, and the global community. Climate change, pollution, habitat degradation, and the intense consumption of resources put pressure on host regions, and addressing these issues requires an integrated and sustainable approach. However, by implementing rigorous ecological policies, utilizing innovative technologies, and adopting a sustainable organizational model, the Olympic movement can become a leader in promoting environmental responsibility. Initiatives such as using existing infrastructure, reducing carbon emissions, and environmental education are essential for transforming the Olympic Games into a global example of best practices. In conclusion, to ensure a positive Olympic legacy in the long term, organizers must address these environmental challenges with a strong commitment to sustainability. This approach can contribute not only to protecting the environment but also to strengthening the role of the Olympic Games as a global platform for positive ecological change.

In order to seek survival and development, many enterprises expand its scale and enhance their competitiveness through the implementation of diversification strategies, but the diversified operating effects of many private enterprises failed to meet their business objectives. The paper analyzes the environmental factors of private enterprises' diversification strategy. Then establishes the system of diversification strategy of environmental indicators of private enterprises and builds a vague assessment model. And what's more, it proved to be a scientific and practical model by empirical analysis. It provides an effective reference for the scientific evaluation of quantitative indicators.

St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are arboviruses transmitted by Culex mosquitoes and amplified in avian hosts. The present study aimed to investigate the presence and seasonal circulation of SLEV and WNV in La Rioja province, within the semiarid ecoregion of the Monte, Argentina. Over a two-year period, avian sera were collected and tested for neutralizing antibodies against SLEV and WNV. Our results reveal the enzootic activity of both viruses in this challenging environment. SLEV seroprevalence was 4.5% (35/778), with higher activity in spring (2016) and autumn (2017). WNV seroprevalence was 3.5% (27/778), peaking during the summer 2016–2017. Greater seroprevalence for SLEV in 2016 was detected for the Lark-like Brushrunner (Coryphistera alaudina) and the Short-billed Canastero (Asthenes baeri) and in 2017 for the Black-crested Finch (Lophospingus pusillus) and Lark-like Brushrunner, whereas for WNV greater seroprevalence in 2016 was detected for the Picui Ground Dove (Columbina picui) and in 2017 for the Lark-like Brushrunner and Band-tailed Seedeater (Catamenia analis). Additionally, five avian individuals experienced seroconversion during the sampling period, namely the Lark-like Brushrunner and White-fronted Woodpecker (Melanerpes cactorum) for SLEV, and the Lark-like Brushrunner, Greater Wagtail Tyrant (Stigmatura budytoides) and Many-colored Chaco Finch (Saltatricula multicolor) for WNV. The study highlights the persistence and circulation of these viruses in a semiarid ecosystem, raising questions about overwintering mechanisms and transmission dynamics. This research contributes to understanding arbovirus ecology in diverse environments. Further investigations are needed to assess the specific mechanisms facilitating virus persistence in the Monte ecoregion.