Zigbee Based Secure Wireless Communication Using AES

Nowadays, a large number of digital data are transmitted worldwide using wireless communications. Therefore, data security is a significant task in communication to prevent cybercrimes and avoid information loss. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a highly efficient secure mechanism that outperforms other symmetric key cryptographic algorithms using message secrecy. However, AES is efficient in terms of software and hardware implementation, and numerous modifications are done in the conventional AES architecture to improve the performance. This research article proposes a significant modification to the AES architecture’s key expansion section to increase the speed of producing subkeys. The fork–join model of key expansion (FJMKE) architecture is developed to improve the speed of the subkey generation process, whereas the hardware resources of AES are minimized by avoiding the frequent computation of secret keys. The AES-FJMKE architecture generates all of the required subkeys in less than half the time required by the conventional architecture. The proposed AES-FJMKE architecture is designed and simulated using the Xilinx ISE 5.1 software. The Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) behaviour of the AES-FJMKE architecture is analysed by means of performance count for hardware resources, delay, and operating frequency. The existing AES architectures such as typical AES, AES-PNSG, AES-AT, AES-BE, ISAES, AES-RS, and AES-MPPRM are used to evaluate the efficiency of AES-FJMKE. The AES-FJMKE implemented using Spartan 6 FPGA used fewer slices (i.e., 76) than the AES-RS.

Based on the study of the characteristics of ZigBee technology and the analysis of the structure of wireless sensor networks, here proposed a new reliable, flexible and inexpensive remote lighting control system based on ZigBee technology and SoC (system-on-chip) solution. This paper emphasizes on the implementation of ZigBee protocol and data communication flow. The hardware and software design are presented. The experimental and application results have shown that ZigBee technology is suitable for wireless control in home lighting and proved that the new wireless sensor network has a more vast range of prospects in home automation and industrial control.

The Internet of Things (IoT)services and application were increasing during the last years in several life fields causes need to provide a secure identifier for protecting sensing data passing between IoT sensors/devices and embedded-subsystem connected by networks. This paper was proposed an algorithm for helping in IoT communication security can used in different IOT entities used in unofficial industrial machine to machine (M2M) communications, smart energy-grids, home or buildings and other computing devices. 
 This paper proposed a secure system using new proposed 4D chaotic system combined with the modified lightweight Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The proposed 4-dimension (4D) chaos system Lyapunov was tested and pass for many initial periods and get a super chaos system (4 positive Lyapunov). Generated chaos keys (used JORN) were used in the lightweight AES and the Secure Hash Algorithm version 3 (SHA3-256). The Lightweight AES was design in case to reduce CPU computation cycles and complexity of AES. Results show that computation time for proposed system decreased (has 145% speedup more). The output of modified lightweight AES encryption System has the good statistical tests near to original AES that can avoid many attacks.

Nowadays most of the data transmission is done through digital communication and hence security and efficient data transmission is always a desirable property for any data communication. At present, Advance encryption standard (AES) is most widely used cryptographic technique. This AES uses static s box for encryption and decryption which remains constant irrespective of the key. Numerous analysts have experimented and revealed that there are some weak points [1] in the static s-box as it is static and known to all. Therefore, in our proposed algorithm we modify AES such that it uses dynamic sbox which is key dependent and compare the avalanche effect of basic AES with our proposed algorithm.

The Rapid expansion of cloud computing with data-centric services makes the protection of sensitive information via confidentiality, integrity, and availability indeed one of the most critical challenges. This work introduces a unified framework that integrates the advanced encryption standard (AES) with end-to-end encryption (E2EE) to secure data processing and transmission in a cloud environment. The proposal addresses security vulnerabilities that arise from multi-tenancy, third-party management, and remote access by encrypting data at the source and keeping its confidentiality throughout its lifecycle while it exists in the cloud. By using AES-CBC mode and a robust key-management scheme, the system guarantees secure data transmission, storage, and access control. Experimental evaluation indicates that the integrated AES-E2EE model reduces latency in comparison to traditional HTTPS (230 MS) and standalone AES (200 MS) significantly reaching dimensions as small as 175 MS, paving way for use in latency-sensitive applications. The results validate scaling, efficiency, and protection from present cyber threats of the proposed framework development towards building secure and trustworthy cloud computing infrastructures.

The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) recommends AES algorithm as a cryptographic algorithm to maintain confidentiality and data security between spacecraft and ground systems. In implementation, there are several AES algorithm operating modes including Cipher-Block Chaining (CBC), Electronic Codebook (EBC), Cipher Feedback (CFB), Output Feedback (OFB), and counter mode (CTR). One of the operating modes of AES algorithm recommended by CCSDS is CTR because it has advantages in terms of efficiency of implementation and offers a high level of data security. LAPAN-A4 as the next generation of LAPAN satellites also uses CCSDS standard in terms of data exchange between satellites and ground stations including telemetry and telecommand (TTC) data and satellite payload data. In order to protect LAPAN-A4 satellite data, especially TTC data, in this paper AES algorithm was implemented in CTR operating mode on the FPGA which will then be implemented on LAPAN-A4 satellite onboard data handling (OBDH) as one of LAPAN-A4 satellite data security systems. To overcome the limited resource of FPGA, optimization is also done using basic iterative AES hardware reused method, which is to reuse hardware that has been designed n times for same operation for AES algorithm. From the results of implementation and optimization, efficiency of logic gates used is increasing almost a quarter less than the previous research.

SummaryIn semiconductor industry, reusability‐based System‐on‐Chip architecture using hardware intellectual property (IP) cores play a prominent role in Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) applications for secure data transmission. The advent of IoT makes it possible for physical things to transmit, process, compute, and receive data over internet. But, it also introduces in‐device communication security vulnerabilities. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) IP has been used to address security vulnerabilities in IoT. It is an efficient and high‐performance crypto algorithm used in IoT devices for secure and fast data encryption. However, due to rise of many attacks, the security of AES IP is also under threat. Hardware obfuscation is one such prominent countermeasure that mitigates hardware attacks such as tampering, reverse engineering, and malicious alteration. This article presents secure AES IP mechanism using the potential technique of obfuscation inspired by the concept of combinational hardware Trojan. Experimental results show that the proposed technique is resilient against reverse‐engineering, malicious alteration, Boolean satisfiability attack, and key‐sensitizing attacks. The confusion and diffusion features of obfuscated AES IP are higher in terms of Hamming distance, avalanche effect, and balance rate. The proposed technique is implemented in Basys‐3 FPGAs within 5% of power and area overhead while maintaining high throughput.

The topic Internet of Things (IoT) has been growing rapidly, parallel with the advancement of Industry 4.0. In the wireless communication network, which is a subbranch of IoT, LoRa devices provide compelling features for IoT applications such as greater range compared to cellular networks, secure data transmission, and low power consumption. Using the two vital indicators, namely received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and packet reception rate (PRR), this study evaluated the reliability of the LoRa communication network in a multistorey building. Two LoRa devices are deployed as a receiver and transmitter, and the LoRa performances are evaluated on each floor. A packet reception rate of 60% was observed when the LoRa transmitter was placed at placement O and N. Findings also show that the dynamic environment has more effect on the RSSI compared to PRR.KeywordsLoraLoraWANRSSIInternet of thing (IoT)Wireless communication

Data security is becoming a major concern in recent years due to the proliferation of interconnected devices. With the number of devices connected to the Internet of things (IoT) growing at a very rapid pace, design of speed and power efficient crypto systems is very essential. This paper explores the design of a high-speed and low-power advanced encryption standard (AES) architecture to be used as a hardware accelerator in various cryptographic systems. The use of Rijndael S-Box for byte substitution, merging of ShiftRows operation with the State Register updation, implementation of MixColumns transformation through substructure sharing, and clock gating methods are investigated in this work for obtaining a high-speed device with low-power consumption. The proposed design is designed using Verilog and co-simulated in MATLAB and implemented as an ASIC using 90 nm GPDK technology. It is seen that the proposed design has 83% increase in speed, 39% decrease in area, and 82% reduction in power dissipation as compared to a standard AES design implementation.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology and plays a key role in just this process. In designing better cities,embedded devices include this new technology, which the internet is similar to everybody. IoT solutions are spread through different regions, such as agriculture, healthcare, the motor industry, education, and home automation, etc. wireless communication (WC) is now becoming an efficient role for incorporating wireless communicationenvironment, computers, organizations, and governments. WC is a budding technology in IoT, and it involves further learning. This dilemma motivates the authors to suggest a standardized IoT WC system. The formation is subdivided into four tiers, according to the IoT architecture. The initial two steps concentrate on the design of Sensors and gateways; cloud integration is identified in the third stage, the server configuration is discussed in the fourth stage, and cloud integration is listed in the third stage user interface is seen in the fifth stage. Proposed, hence, the solution enables the IoT application developer's work. The design using the clean energy consumption case study. Sensors and Raspberry pi are used in the application to quantify and then provide electricity usage using wireless communication between the devices consumed by the home or building. This provides the client with a rising knowledge of the pattern of power consumption and the usage of electricity using Recurrent Neural Network(RNN).

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology into agriculture has revolutionized farming practices by using connected devices and sensors to optimize processes and facilitate sustainable execution. Because most IoT devices have limited resources, the vital requirement to efficiently manage data traffic while ensuring data security in agricultural IoT solutions creates several challenges. Therefore, it is important to study the data amount that IoT protocols generate for resource-constrained devices, as it has a direct impact on the device performance and overall usability of the IoT solution. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study that focuses on optimizing data transmission in agricultural IoT solutions with the use of compression algorithms and secure technologies. Through experimentation and analysis, we evaluate different approaches to minimize data traffic while protecting sensitive agricultural data. Our results highlight the effectiveness of compression algorithms, especially Huffman coding, in reducing data size and optimizing resource usage. In addition, the integration of encryption techniques, such as AES, provides the security of the transmitted data without incurring significant overhead. By assessing different communication scenarios, we identify the most efficient approach, a combination of Huffman encoding and AES encryption, to strike a balance between data security and transmission efficiency.

Over the years, industrial automation has repeatedly been impacted by the continuous and tremendous evolution in the fields of computer systems, electronics and data transmission. Industry 4.0, the current wave of the industrial revolution– dubbed the data revolution -, integrates these advances in communication and computational systems with the Internet, resulting in a paradigm shift towards the (Industrial) Internet of Things. Automation systems and remote data acquisition systems evolved over the last years from classic solutions based on wired infrastructure to modern, flexible solutions bringing together wireless communications, battery powered devices and wireless sensors networks. In this paper we first define the main problems encountered in modern wireless automation systems - small distance limitations of wireless communication solutions, weak security or complete lack of security in data transmission, and high energy consumption of battery powered remote data acquisition systems. In order to address these limitations, we propose, implement, trial-run and benchmark a novel low power LoRa-based flexible hardware architecture for use in industrial remote monitoring and control. We obtain a LoS capability above 3km and a calculated autonomy of about 10 years, exceeding the capabilities of current State of the Art solutions.

There are a large variety of kinds of mobile wireless networks, Wi-Fi, based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, is a wireless local area network, mainly used in offices and campus at universities, meeting rooms, halls in hotels or in airports. For such limited coverage area, IEEE 802.11 standard may be observed as building-oriented environment, which potentially offers a chance to let quantum key distribution (QKD) play a role in the security of wireless communications. In fact, secured data transmission is one of the prime aspects of wireless networks as they are much more vulnerable to security attacks. In this paper, we explore the possibility of using an agent-oriented Quantum Key Distribution for authentication and data encryption for IEEE 802.11 standard based on our previous research. It will focus on some basic concept that how QKD merges the wireless communication, in particular the IEEE 802.11 standard. The software implementation of the first two phases of QKD, namely (a) raw key extraction and (b) error estimation, will be carefully investigated in this paper. A Wi-Fi based concept has been extended to the implement the communication between two users in C++ language in this paper.

Security of the data is a major challenge in the deployment and management of the Internet of Things (IoT) systems in the heterogeneous environment, where data gets transferred very widely and rapidly in multiple modes across the globe. Concomitant with the advancement of the technology, the number of devices and systems which are involved in transferring the image data has increased in the heterogeneous IoT environment. At present, image processing devices have become an integral part of the IoT edge devices which can collect the images and automatically share with the network. Because of the multifaceted usage of images in multimedia applications in the IoT environment, it is essential to protect the data from unauthorized access. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a well-established cryptography algorithm used in numerous applications to protect digital data. In this paper, we present a Hardware-Software Co-Simulation with Xilinx System Generator of an AES-128 bit encryption and decryption for IoT Edge devices. Hardware Co-Simulation makes it possible to integrate a design running in an FPGA directly into Simulink simulation. AES-128 bit algorithm has been implemented on the SPARTAN-6 (XC6SLX45-CSG324) FPGA board with XILINXISE software. Authors can get the successful results for image encryption and decryption both while implementing on grey and colored images. For Hardware Co-Simulation of AES-128 bit algorithm with Xilinx system generator, a point-to-point Ethernet approach is used. This implementation is done using Xilinx ISE14.2 and MATLAB 2011a for both grey image and colored image of size 448*298.

The demand of higher spectrum bandwidth can almost have mitigated now-a-days by the use of Internet of Things (IoT) based 5G communication networks. IoT is getting massive attention because of the complexity features of IoT devices. Its less power constraints property have decreased the utilization of traditional cryptographic methods though it has used the Trusted platform module (TPM) for authentication and Trusted network connect (TNC) standards to monitor the malicious software or firmware. This paper, proposed an algorithm based on Physical layer key generation (PLKG) and Physical layer encryption (PLE) as a protecting measures. Also this paper investigates the advanced encryption standard (AES) and make a comparative study to prove it's much secured, effective and fast encryption features among the rest of the available methods and concludes that AES produces a better solution.