Zoological Architectures and Empty Frames

The research hypothesis is that language impacts the way we understand and define animal body. The article analyses the relationship between language, body and signification. The second hypothesis is that a gaze and a phenomenological relationship with animals can open up a dialogical relationship with animals. Later, the article investigates certain case studies of animal bodily experience starting from animal representations in our world, zoo animals, animal cloning to human bodily relationship with pets which is impacted by the capitalist system. The article is using the phenomenological approach of M. Merleau-Ponty as a research method which emphasises the importance of the experience of animals and their representations from a corporeal perspective. M. Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenological method focuses on the lived experience of the body as central to our understanding of the world. The hypothesis of the research is that animals are viewed from a corporeal perspective from the human point of view and that humans humanise the animals. The research’s results prove that language forms the way we understand animals from bodily experience because it creates a narrative and a way of prehension of the animal body. Secondly, representations of animals in our daily life create a humanised view of animals which is a non-realistic depiction of animals. Finally, the article reveals that M. Merleau-Ponto phenomenology helps to create a connection between animals and humans, creating a realistic relationship between humans and animals.

This chapter examines Heroides 9 in relation to its key source, Sophocles's Trachiniae, and focuses on Deianira's elegization and degradation of Hercules as a male hero, particularly through her account of his cross-dressing. Deianira's portrayal diminishes Hercules's heroic status to justify the murder of her husband to her son, Hyllus, who is one of the letter's addressees. Hercules's performance of female tasks is analyzed using Judith Butler's theory of gender as a performative act, while the visual and theatrical aspects of Deianira's narrative are explored through Laura Mulvey's and Mary Ann Doane's theories on the scopophilic gaze. The chapter highlights Deianira's cunning manipulation of her motherhood, which shapes her identity as “Deianira,” meaning “slaughterer of men.” It underscores the complexities of gender, performance, and maternal identity.

The rapid development of virtual reality (VR) technology affects the development of new types of media content. In particular, VR media content in the documentary mode provides viewers with the opportunity to participate directly and observe personal or collective memories by reproducing certain events, situations and characters that actually existed in the past. This process can then evolve into user experience-based content that empathizes with the pain and difficulties of others. The content planning strategy used at this time is related to the personal and historical narrative by traditional storytelling methods, and to the visual aspects of the animated reality. In this context, I explore animated documentary contents based on virtual reality technology, dividing it into two main categories: the visual fiction based on animated representation and the content based on documentary reenactment from an epistemological perspective of reproduction, centering on Charles Perth's indexicality. Therefore, this research examines the theoretical background of VR animated documentaries by comparing them with traditional documentary concepts, including live-action-based documentary and animated documentary films. Based on the meanings and characteristics derived from a literature review, the analysis criteria that define VR animation documentary contents are derived from the key elements needed to plan VR animated documentaries in terms of content. Furthermore, this paper examines major insights as well as limitations through analyses of domestic and overseas cases related to VR animation documentary contents. Accordingly, future directions of VR animated documentaries are explored through connectivity with other forms of media content or through extendability with other media (e.g., interactive game media).

A series of Supreme Court decisions in the past 40 years transformed the legal standard for police use of force, centering officers’ assessments of a suspect’s potential for violence. Using the oral arguments from three landmark SCOTUS cases, I trace the development of a legal discourse of potential violence. Using Judith Butler and Robert Gooding-Williams’ frame of a “racial field of vision,” this paper juxtaposes the colorblind legal narrative of potential violence with cultural narratives of race that mark Black masculinity with the signifiers of threat and criminality. I argue that the intersection of legal and cultural narratives of potential violence is an important site for understanding the disproportionate use of police violence against Black men and boys.

The references to pornography in the novels De Buitenvrouw (Joost Zwagerman) and Alleen maar nette mensen (Robert Vuijsje) alert the feminist reader to the intersection of racism and misogyny in the narratives of the protagonists. Some scenes in both novels accord with Andrea Dworkin’s definition of pornography as the presentation of sexual abuse. Dworkin and MacKinnon’s theory of the effects of pornography is interrogated by Judith Butler who rejects the idea of pornography as an illocutionary speech act. Rosi Braidotti’s emphasis on the visual aspect of pornography is borne out by both protagonists who use pornography to watch themselves as objects. While Theo in De Buitenvrouw keeps his pornographic fantasies secret, David and Ryan in Alleen maar nette mensen use the camera as a weapon when they humiliate a woman in order to capture it on film. While some women (mostly white) have the power to resist becoming part of male pornographic narratives, other women (especially Isidra and Juchi in Alleen maar nette mensen) do not have the illocutionary power to say no and are therefore silenced. The white male protagonists project their negative sexual behaviour on black men who are associated with the worst kinds of violent sex.

Theatre has always been the site of politics, played out in layers within the body of the performer. The body becomes the empty space, the stage where the politics of desire is performed. Mahesh Dattani has often used theatre to tell his tales of desire and its deification, its sanctification, and desecration in the stage of human culture. Human evolution has traversed through a process of observational mimicry, as Rene Girard argues, in that the infant-subject develops desire through a process of copying adult behaviour, leading to the acquisition of subjecthood or identity. All conflict, competition and rivalry outside the body and within it, originate in this mimetic desire through a legitimisation and co-option of common unifying mythologies of gender stereotypes, which are necessary foundations of human culture. In the light of Foucault, Rene Girard, and Judith Butler, this chapter proposes to engage with two plays – On a Muggy Night in Mumbai and Seven Steps Around the Fire – by Mahesh Dattani which challenge mimetic desire with their metatheatrical overtones. The play-world in On a Muggy Night generates an alternative space in which mimetic desire is rejected and spoofed. Seven Steps explores the anxieties of intersex individuals, yearnings for a designated gendered identity by way of mimicking a cosmetic, sartorial desire to be either man or woman.

Micro-expression (ME) is an involuntary, fleeting, and subtle facial expression. It may occur in high-stake situations when people attempt to conceal or suppress their true feelings. Therefore, MEs can provide essential clues to people’s true feelings and have plenty of potential applications, such as national security, clinical diagnosis, and interrogations. In recent years, ME analysis has gained much attention in various fields due to its practical importance, especially automatic ME analysis in computer vision as MEs are difficult to process by naked eyes. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of ME development in the field of computer vision, from the ME studies in psychology and early attempts in computer vision to various computational ME analysis methods and future directions. Four main tasks in ME analysis are specifically discussed, including ME spotting, ME recognition, ME action unit detection, and ME generation in terms of the approaches, advance developments, and challenges. Through this survey, readers can understand MEs in both aspects of psychology and computer vision, and apprehend the future research direction in ME analysis.

1] Janet Schmalfeldt, in her ground-breaking article "On the Relation of Analysis to Performance" (1985, 2), challenges analysts to develop "a comprehensive critique of the value and the limitations of analysis for performance."We wish to turn this goal on its head: to explore the value and limitations of performance for analysis.What can a performer's voice contribute to the analysis of a work?[2] We take the opening cadenza of Ravel's Concerto for the Left Hand (Video 1) as a case study. (1) Certain performance considerations-technical, visual, and affective elements-comprise warp and weft not only of the Concerto's execution and interpretation, but also of its structure and meaning.In addition, we are able to speak both from personal experiences of having performed the Concerto and from insights provided by historical recordings of the work.[3] After a brief overview of literature on performance and analysis, we explore the cadenza: visual and kinesthetic aspects, rhetorical and tonal function, form and structure, rhythmic features and performance issues. * * *[4] The words "analysis" and "performance" have wide purviews: "performance" may refer to live performances, recordings, sight-reading, practice, memorization, improvisation, historical practices, events of performance, and to aesthetic, hermeneutic, social, psychological, cognitive, or motor aspects of the foregoing."Analysis" might examine style, score, performance, or historical figures, and might take approaches from domains of musicology, music theory, psychology, pedagogy, performance, and so on.Our discussion of "performance and analysis" centers on analysis and performance as related to particular works.[5] Since the time of Schmalfeldt's article, the literature on performance and analysis has burgeoned dramatically, in two primary directions.The first presents analyses and their implications for performance, and the second studies performances (usually sound or video recordings).[6] In the first category, the balance is weighted towards "analysis," with "analysis" coming prior to "performance" in both time and importance.The most common scenario features analysis of certain structural elements, followed by suggestions Volume 11, Number 3,

This paper explores three controversial and large-scale attempts by architects to build more attractive suburban areas: Cumbernauld in Scotland (key designs constructed in the 1950s and 1960s), Irvine in California (key designs from the 1960s and 1970s onward), and Poundbury in England (key designs created in the 1980s and built from the 1990s on). They represent major approaches to the issue of aesthetics and place—modernism, humanistic imageability and legibility, and new urbanism or the Urban Villages Movement. The paper distinguishes between several terms relevant in assessing visual character: objective aesthetics, style, place and satisfaction. It is argued that all three developments conform to some principles of the visual and psychological aspects of good design; but these principles differ, resulting in criticisms from those promoting different styles.

The contribution deals with history and effects of the Swiss animal welfare legislation of 1978. Special descriptions concern the development and increasing dissemination of animal friendly housing systems for cattle, swine, rabbits and poultry, the realization of the prohibition of the usual cages for laying hens until the end of 1991 and the development of aviary systems, the examination and improvement of many housing systems and equipment for farm animals, adaptations of many enclosures for wild animals in zoos and circuses, improvements in animal experimentation and also in housing of companion animals. The new animal welfare law of 2005 and the animal welfare ordinance of 2008 filled loopholes in the legislation. Animal friendly housing forms may also have economic advantages.

Abstract
 Introduction.The main purpose of advertising certain products or services is to attract customer attention and analyze the impact of advertising on customer behavior. Various studies show that there are significant links between cognitive and psychological aspects. The cognitive effect of an advertisement begins with the influence of the visual aspects of the advertisement. This research was aimed to explore the role of product advertising on consumer buying interest by studying aspects of psychology.
 Methods. The study design was observational analytic study that seek to see the relationship between exposure to milk mass forming muscle mass and consumer buying interest. The exploration dimensions for advertising exposure are ad frequency, ad duration and ad intensity using questionnaire. Total samples in this study were 60 people, age ranges from 18-35 years and male sex.
 Results. This study found as many as 70% of respondents understood the message delivered by the milk advertisement. As many as 56.7% of respondents expressed an interest in buying these muscle-building milk products. Around 58% of respondents stated their willingness to promote the product to others.
 Conclusion. This research shows the role of advertising in shaping consumer behavior and buying interest. The more attractive and the more often the ad is displayed it will trigger aspects of attractiveness and confidence in the product. Along with the need, further reinforce the behavior to buy products.

Windows in buildings must respond to five major issues – daylight, sunshine, view, ventilation and sound. Each of these processes in its own way can be critical to the synthesis of a successful architectural design. All factors except view are engineering criteria that can be evaluated by some mathematical formulae provided there is sufficient information for the calculations. In contrast view” being a qualitative entity has difficulty in being measured by using conventional mathematical tools but it is probably the major factor that leads to the satisfaction and comfort of the users inside the building enclosure. This paper introduces a new approach in analyzing views by the use of computers. One of the advantages of this analysis process is that the psychological aspects are less biased in the end product. This paper explains the methodologies, theories and principles underlying these modeling and analyzing tools.

The present paper attempts to closely study Virginia Woolf’s Orlando in terms of Judith Butler’s concepts of gender, performativity, and agency. Woolf examines women, their struggles and positions in literary history, and their needs for independence. Themes in her works consist of gender relations, class hierarchy, and the consequences of war. In most of her novels, she moves away from the use of plot and character and, instead, emphasizes the psychological aspects of her characters. In Orlando, the protagonist lives through centuries and Woolf allows her character to transform into a female halfway during the novel. The novel is directly engaged in the women’s position and mentality through the lines, dialogues, and events. The principal question of the present study focuses on the perspectives through which gender is presented and the way it could be observed in relation to Butler’s theory of gender as performance. The current survey is further concerned with the angles through which the novel reflects gender troubles and identity crisis of the women, conventionally defined as a minor category, according to Judith Butler’s poststructuralist approach to the analysis of identity. Consequently, there is a confluence between the development of Woolf’s female characters in the novel and Butler’s critical notion concerning the subject’s attempts to present performativity in the form of an active agent.

Cross-species interaction and communication: a study method applied to captive siamang ( Hylobates syndactylus) and long-billed corella ( Cacatua tenuirostris) contacts with humans

The tactics employed by large felines in food‐getting in the wild are contrasted with the conditions which prevail in captivity. While zoos cannot recreate a completely natural existence, there are points at which nature's ways can guide management in improving the quality of life for zoo animals. Equating an adequate diet with good nutrition leads to dietary substitutions which ignore non‐nutritive requirements. Among the issues discussed are substitute activities, oral health in relation to food texture, and the psychological aspects of feeding.