ABSTRACTHeterotopic ossification (HO) following distal biceps tendon repair is an uncommon but potential complication. This may present pain, limited range of motion, or sensory changes due to nerve compression. This case study reports the case of a patient who developed significant functional limitation after primary distal biceps tendon repair complicated by heterotopic ossification. Radiographs confirmed extensive ossification surrounding the radial tuberosity. Plain radiographs were obtained to confirm the presence and maturity of the HO; a CT scan was performed to delineate the extent and proximity to the neurovascular bundle for operative planning. Surgical revision was performed using an Achillies tendon allograft to reconstruct the distal biceps tendon while excising the ossified tissue. Postoperatively, the patient experienced marked improvement in motion and resolution of pain. No recurrence was observed at follow‐up. This case emphasizes the importance of early recognition of heterotopic ossification after tendon repair and demonstrates that timely revision with an Achillies allograft can effectively restore elbow function and minimize recurrence.

Measures from affinity-proteomics platforms often correlate poorly, challenging interpretation of protein associations with genetic variants and phenotypes. Here, we examine 2157 proteins measured on both SomaScan 7k and Olink Explore 3072 across 1930 participants with genetic similarity to European, African, East Asian, and Admixed American ancestry references. Inter-platform correlation coefficients for these 2157 proteins follow a bimodal distribution (median r = 0.30). We evaluate protein measure associations with genetic variants, and find approximately 25-30% of the signals on each platform are likely driven by protein-altering variants. We highlight 80 proteins that correlate differently across ancestry groups likely in part due to differing protein-altering variant frequencies by ancestry. Furthermore, adjustment for protein-altering variants with opposite directions of effect by platform improves inter-platform protein measure correlation and results in more concordant genetic and phenotypic associations. Hence, protein-altering variants need to be accounted for across ancestries to facilitate platform-concordant and accurate protein measurement.

Ice cover on the Great Lakes plays an important role in regional climate, supports tourism and recreation, and provides ecological habitat. As the climate warms, ice cover in the Great Lakes is expected to decline, which in turn will create more lake effect precipitation, reduce ice cover for recreation, and alter habitat for aquatic species. While it is important to understand the historical ice patterns to better understand past distributions of aquatic species and improve the accuracy of forecasts for future ice cover on the lakes, Great Lakes ice cover data prior to 1973 is scarce, due to the limited routine satellite observations. We used weather station data around the Great Lakes to compile daily air temperature, calculate cumulative freezing degree-days and net melting degree-days from 1897-2023, and develop raster layers estimating ice duration and variability spatially during the historical period from 1897-1960.

Profiling antigens presented on MHC class I molecules on the cell surface is essential to identify candidate antigens for targeted and personalized immunotherapies. However, mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics has traditionally been limited by high input requirements, extensive sample manipulation, and expensive reagents. To overcome these challenges, we developed MHC1-TIP: a scalable, single-tube and cost-effective workflow to enable robust MHC-I ligandome recovery from cell lines, patient-derived organoids, and sub-milligram amounts of ex-vivo tumour fragments. Moreover, MHC1-TIP also preserves compatibility with additional omics profiling technologies and we demonstrate its capacity for quantitative and multimodal profiling of the proteome and immunopeptidome from the same sample to enable integrated analyses of protein expression and antigen presentation. Application of MHC1-TIP to primary renal cell carcinoma fragments revealed extensive intratumoral heterogeneity in antigen presentation that was poorly correlated with source protein expression. MHC1-TIP represents a broadly applicable and sensitive approach for low-input, multimodal immunopeptidomics with clinical and translational relevance.

The coupling of photonic modes and molecular vibrations is an emerging method for modifying the chemical reactivity of target molecules. However, since the photonic mode typically arises from a Fabry-Pérot cavity, it presents challenges for the systematic investigation of chemical reaction rates that require external stimuli due to the inherent closed nature of the cavity. Here, we use infrared-plasmonic colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) as building blocks in monolayer assemblies, which act as metasurfaces. We harness their strong local electric fields for coupling with molecular vibrations, allowing for control over the molecular reactivity through plasmon-vibrational coupling. After the assembly of the metasurface, we attached azidobenzoic acid to tin-doped indium oxide NCs, enabling the study of UV-driven photolysis. The photolysis rate varies when changing the frequency detuning between the azide asymmetric stretch and the collective plasmon resonance of the NC monolayer, which is controlled by the Sn doping concentration. We observe the greatest rate enhancement when the detuning approaches zero. We developed a theoretical model showing that the rate enhancement arises from vibrational excitation in the excited state of the molecules, assisted by the plasmon resonance of the NC assembly. We anticipate that our platform can serve as a scalable metasurface for controlling diverse chemical reactions and transport phenomena.

ABSTRACT Legislators sometimes vote on bills that fail but, in the process, allow lawmakers to take an extreme position before ultimately voting to compromise. We call these proposals Cover Bills . Through two survey experiments, we show that primary voters are more supportive of a compromiser if that legislator first votes for a cover bill. Through a causal mediation analysis, we show that cover bills are effective not because they prove that the compromise was the best deal the legislators could get, but because they demonstrate that the legislator shares the voter's ideological commitments. They reduce the punishment associated with compromising even if respondents find out about the cover bill from legislators who opposed the compromise.

Despite the substantial mass and moment of inertia of the trunk, its influence on minimizing metabolic cost in human locomotion is poorly understood. We show that self-selected trunk leaning in humans aligns with minimized metabolic costs during running. Utilizing an integrative experimental and musculoskeletal simulation approach, we reveal how trunk leaning redistributes joint moments and metabolic demands. We report estimates of muscle-specific changes in metabolic demands and contraction conditions for key muscles, including the hamstrings, uniarticular hip extensors and plantar flexors, reflecting the complex interplay between kinetic demands and muscle energetics. Our results show that leaning forward reduces knee extension moments but involves metabolic cost trade-offs. Our findings indicate that the observed U-shaped whole-body metabolic cost curve is attributed to intricate and offsetting changes in metabolic cost among multiple muscle groups across trunk leaning conditions, reflecting the fundamental impact of trunk kinematics on running biomechanics.

In nutrient-limited high-elevation ecosystems, plants rely on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to provide mineral phosphorus (P) in the form of phosphate (PO43-). AM fungi gather these nutrients from phosphorus-cycling bacteria (PCBs) that can mineralize PO43- from organic matter and solubilize mineral-bound P. How climate, soil factors, and nutrient limitation influence AM fungi and PCB assembly remains unclear. We collected soil from montane meadows across a 1,000-m elevation gradient on three replicate mountainsides and analyzed AM fungal marker genes, P-cycling genes from shotgun metagenomes, and edaphic measurements. High-elevation soils had nearly 50-fold less soil PO₄³⁻ and 60% more AM fungal hyphae than low-elevation soils. AM fungal turnover was linked to changes in pH, organic carbon, and PO₄³-. The composition of 198 P-cycling genes was influenced by the AM fungal community structure. Drivers of individual PCB functional genes, including pH and organic carbon, varied with gene phylogeny. We found a trade-off in P-cycling strategies across elevation: P-rich, low-elevation soils supported root-colonizing AM fungi and organic P-mineralizing bacteria. P-poor, high-elevation soils were dominated by stress-tolerant AM fungi and mineral P-solubilizing bacteria. Our results suggest that AM fungi and PCB community turnover across elevation are both shaped by pH, organic carbon, and P availability. With continued climate warming, the structure and function of mountaintop ecosystems might shift to resemble lower elevations, disrupting long-established and specialized microbial assemblages, with consequences for P-cycling dynamics and the total P available to plant communities.IMPORTANCEPhosphorus (P) limits plant productivity in high-elevation ecosystems, yet the microbial networks that mobilize P, including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and phosphorus-cycling bacteria (PCBs), remain under-characterized in these nutrient-poor soils. We show that across a 10,00-m elevation gradient, AM fungi and P-cycling gene assemblages shift predictably with pH, organic carbon, and phosphate availability. Higher elevations, with less available P, select for stress-tolerant AM fungal taxa and PCB strategies geared toward mineral solubilization, while low-elevation sites favor root colonization by AM fungi and organic P mineralization. These results suggest that nutrient limitation can constrain microbial community assembly in consistent ways across landscapes. High mountain soils are low in P and rely on a network of underground AM fungi and PCB to deliver nutrients to plants. This study shows how those underground relationships reorganize with elevation and how climate change could collapse long-standing microbial strategies by pushing high-elevation ecosystems toward lowland conditions. As soils warm and dry, the microbial scaffolding that supports alpine plant life may become increasingly unstable.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a hereditary neuropathy that may present with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) or auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). Cochlear implants (CIs) have been used to rehabilitate hearing loss in CMT, but their effectiveness remains poorly understood due to the central and peripheral neurological complexities of the disease. Clinical capsule report. Two adult CMT patients and 2 pediatric CMT patients. Cochlear implantation. Preoperative clinical profiles and postoperative auditory performance. Case 1: A 60-year-old woman with bilateral ANSD and comorbid multiple sclerosis (MS) achieved significant speech perception improvement (CNC: 8%-68%, AzBio: 64%) 1 year post-CI. Case 2: A 20-month-old boy with GJB1 -associated CMT1X and developmental delays exhibited rapid auditory gains (MLNT: 100%) following CI. Case 3: A 12-year-old boy with AIFM1 -related ANSD and mitochondrial dysfunction achieved moderate speech recognition (CNC: 56%, AzBio: 75%) but remained limited in noisy environments. Case 4: A 32-year-old man with PRPS1 -associated CMTX5 and profound prelingual SNHL showed improved sound awareness (20-30dB HL) post-CI but had no speech perception gains due to prolonged auditory deprivation. Cochlear implantation in CMT patients demonstrates variable but meaningfully beneficial auditory outcomes, with early intervention yielding the most favorable results. A personalized approach incorporating genetic profiling, tailored rehabilitation strategies, and setting realistic patient expectations is essential to optimizing outcomes.

Racism-related stress has detrimental effects on the health of Black women. However, there is a gap in understanding of how this stress manifests in the lives of Black women at the intersection of gender, age, and motherhood identity. Using a constructivist research paradigm, we employed a phenomenological approach to examine how a sample of 24 Black mothers aged 46–71 from a large, urban Midwestern city reacted to the 2020 racial unrest as a specific yet universal macro-level racist event in the USA. Descriptive and thematic analysis of in-depth semi-structured interviews suggests this event was associated with the experience of racism-related vigilance. These results provide first-hand evidence of racism-related vigilance among older Black mothers, further depicted by two distinct subthemes: gendered racism-related vigilance and mind-body distress. The findings fill an important gap in the extant literature on the experience of racism-related vigilance specific to older Black mothers. These data suggest that the phenomenon of racism-related vigilance is experienced as gendered, shaped by motherhood identity, and is experienced as mind–body distress. These findings expand theory on the embodied experience of racism among Black mothers and have implications for Black mothers’ health and psychological well-being.