During the past two decades, redefinition of many of the beliefs and assumptions which underly nursing appears to have contributed to an increasing divergence between nursing theory and nursing practice. Nurses who are theorists and educationalists, and nurses who are engaged in nursing practice tend to use different vocabularies, to have differing perceptions of patients and of nursing, and to value different kinds of nursing knowledge. Some of the divergences between nursing theory and nursing practice are considered, and suggestions made about how theory and practice might be reconciled.

Transcultural nursing is an essential aspect of healthcare today. This requires nurses to recognize and appreciate cultural differences in healthcare values, beliefs, and customs. Nurses must acquire the necessary knowledge and skills in cultural competency. Culturally competent nursing care helps ensure patient satisfaction and positive outcomes. Transcultural nursing is both a specialty and a general practice area. It focuses on worldwide cultures and comparative cultural caring, health, and nursing phenomena. Narayanasamy developed the ACCESS model in order to help health professionals bridge the cultural gap and provide acceptable transcultural care1:

Aim of the study: To identify the attitudes of undergraduate Saudi nursing students towards studying nursing profession. Background: Nursing profession is the backbone of the healthcare services and nurses in the workplace should be accountable to deliver high-quality of care. The Saudi Society, cultural forces and values influence nursing profession and its development. Assessment of undergraduate attitudes towards nursing profession is vital as it can help to identify the potential barriers, deficits and challenges to conquer them. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was administered. The survey design was intended to identify the undergraduate Saudi nursing students’ attitudes towards studying nursing profession. Questionnaires were randomly distributed to 250 nursing students. Descriptive statistics were employed to identify the students’ attitudes towards the profession. Results: A total of 141 students completed the survey questionnaires giving a response rate of 56.4%. The participating students 70 (52%) indicated that the most commonly reason to choose studying nursing was their own interest. Most of the students (48.90%) agreed that their English language proficiency is the hardest in the nursing program. The results showed that students favor to work on direct patient care rather than holding managerial or educational tasks. Generally speaking, the students’ families and friends had positive attitudes towards nursing profession. Conclusion: The nursing students and families in Saudi Arabia had strong positive attitudes towards studying nursing profession. Universities in Saudi Arabia are to increase enrolling students to study nursing and should commit to graduate highly competent nurses to compensate the nursing shortage. Lack of students’ awareness of workplace literacy requirements might lead to difficulty in designing appropriate curriculum.

Objective: Against the backdrop of China's aging population and the "Healthy China Strategy", promoting the reform of the nursing industry is becoming increasingly important. The "Internet + Nursing Service" model is becoming a new trend. This study aims to provide a reference for the high-quality development of "Internet + Nursing Service". Method: Utilize the SWOT analysis method to deeply understand and analyze the advantages and disadvantages, current development status, and existing policy issues of the "Internet + Nursing Service" model in China. And relevant targeted suggestions and proactive countermeasures were put forward. Result: "Internet + Nursing services" has become a new trend in the development of nursing. Conclusion: Currently, the "Internet + Nursing Service" model in China not only has the advantages of breaking the industry barriers of traditional nursing, extending the radius of nursing services, and meeting diverse and multi-level health needs, but also can encourage nurses to utilize their spare time, give full play to their skills, and serve the society more. It not only reflects professional advantages, but also demonstrates the autonomy and flexibility of services. However, there are also deficiencies such as a shortage of nursing human resources and the elderly's lack of access to networks. Only by constantly playing to strengths and making up for weaknesses and improving the management system can "Internet + Nursing services" achieve better development.

Objective The purpose of the study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and nursing satisfaction of bedside nursing combined with detail nursing in the gastroenterology department. Methods 112 patients with gastrointestinal diseases admitted to our hospital from November 2018 to November 2019 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into a research group (n = 56) and reference group (n = 56). The reference group received routine clinical nursing, while on this basis, the research group received bedside nursing combined with detail nursing. After that, the clinical nursing effects of the two groups were compared. Results There were no significant differences in sex ratio, age, BMI, smoking history, drinking history, marital status, and disease types between the two groups (P > 0.05). The VAS scores in the two groups after intervention were significantly lower than those before intervention (P < 0.01), and the VAS scores in the research group after intervention were significantly lower than those in the reference group (P < 0.01). The nursing ability, nursing skills, and nursing responsibility in the research group were significantly higher than those in the reference group (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the number of patients who were satisfied and needed improvement (P > 0.05). Besides, the number of very satisfied cases in the research group was significantly higher than that in the reference group (P < 0.05), and the number of unsatisfied cases was significantly lower than that in the reference group (P < 0.05). The total incidence of clinical adverse events in the research group was significantly lower than that in the reference group (P < 0.01). The gastrointestinal diseases related knowledge scores after intervention were significantly higher than those before intervention (P < 0.01), and the gastrointestinal diseases related knowledge scores after intervention in the research group were significantly higher than those in the reference group (P < 0.01). The GQOLI-74 scores after intervention in the two groups were significantly higher than those before intervention (P < 0.01), and the GQOLI-74 scores after intervention in the research group were significantly higher than those in the reference group (P < 0.01). Conclusion The application of bedside nursing mode combined with detail nursing in gastrointestinal diseases can effectively reduce patients' pains, as well as the incidence of clinical adverse events, and improve patients' life quality, with definite curative effect, which is worthy of promotion and application.

There is an aging population not only in Portugal but also worldwide. The nursing homes provide its users services adjusted to their needs. Therefore, these institutions should have specialized human resources in health care, such as Nurses. However in Portugal have a low presence of these professionals in nursing homes. Objective: To identify a sensitive nursing care set of quality indicators in nursing homes. Methodology: Using the method of a PICOD question, it was made a search in EBSCO (CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE with Full Text, British Nursing Index), resulting in hundred and thirty eight articles in total. There were searched scientific articles published in full text (28-01-2009), between 1998/01/01 and 2008/12/31. Results: From hundred and thirty eight articles we selected twelve and of this identified fourteen quality care indicators: resources to the emergency room; number of days of hospitalization; total days of hospitalization in advanced recovery units; number of medical procedures; sensory function; presence of urinary catheters; loss of function and activities of daily living; controlled use of drugs; use of nine or more different drugs; nutrition; control of infection; pressure ulcers prevalence; pain control; prevalence of falls. Conclusion: The nursing provide an important contribution in improving quality in the nursing homes. The results seems to show that the introduction of these professionals has direct impact in reducing of the use of health services (emergency and hospital days), reducing the falls, better pain management, in prevalence of the number of pressure ulcers and increased functionality. This set of results has obtained from an international research and so, gives the opportunity to various nursing homes or students in very countries monitoring these indicators, to explore them with the aim to verify its applicability and adapt them to the local needs.

In summary, nursing models can be evaluated by carefully considering how human beings are conceptualised within a model, how adequately the model guides nurses in the decision-making associated with all stages of the nursing process and how appropriate is the expected role of the nurse. Reference to the criteria for evaluating nursing theory (Fig. 1) demonstrates that not only can nursing models be regarded as the precursors of nursing theory but some evaluative criteria for nursing theory develop from ways of evaluating nursing models (Fig. 2). The essence of this paper has been to consider nursing theory and its place in the current climate of concern both about nursing's professional status and about standards of patient care. The difficulty in defining theory has been briefly explored and suggestions have been made of possible ways of evaluating nursing theory. A distinction has been drawn between nursing models and nursing theory with a rationale for considering nursing models as precursors of nursing theory especially as there are similarities in the criteria used to evaluate them both. The nursing process has been described as a systematic, problem-solving approach to care. It is neither a nursing model nor a theory but rather one way of organising nursing activities. A major dilemma has been omitted from this paper, however, which nonetheless deserves mention here. This dilemma is identified and summarised by Jacox (1974) among others. The question posed is: Can and should we develop nursing theories?' (Jacox's emphasis). The main competing arguments put forward by Jacox are on the one hand that there are no phenomena or activities peculiar to nursing around which nursing theory can develop, and on the other hand that there is a need for a specified body of knowledge to inform nursing practice. Efforts to establish a firmer body of knowledge on which to base nursing practice may help to identify the unique function of the nurse. This will only be achieved if practising nurses take a keen interest in developing rigorous approaches to the evaluation of nursing models and theories. Craig (1980) has linked theory development and its integration with nursing practice to professional survival. If nurses cannot identify phenomena and activities that are peculiar to nursing and if they are not prepared to safeguard these areas of practice, then the future of nursing looks bleak. Project 2000 (UKCC 1986) offers an opportunity for nurses to be more willing and able to critically consider nursing's unique contribution to health care.

This article examines how students under two different kinds of curriculum (old and new) have learned to use the concept of the nursing process in the planning of patient care and assesses their attitudes towards the nursing process. The data were collected from 264 students at three schools of nursing and 63 qualified nurses (as a reference group), who were asked to plan the care of one patient. The plans were evaluated according to criteria aimed at ascertaining how well the students and nurses used the concept of the nursing process. Their attitudes towards this concept were evaluated using 24 statements measured on the Likert scale. The data were analyzed by factor analysis and an analysis of variance. The students at nursing school C following the new curriculum were best at planning patient care, while all those at nursing school A (studying under either the new or the old curriculum) were better at doing so than the students at school B or the nurses. The differences between the groups were statistically significant. The students following the new curriculum had statistically significantly more positive attitudes towards the nursing process those students following the old curriculum or the qualified nurses.

Objective To explore nursing logo applying in urology safety management, and ensure clinical medical nursing and patients＇ safety, secure the safety of nursing work orderly. Methods 120 patients hospitalized in July, 2010 were randomly divided into experimental and control group with 60 cases in each group. Both groups accept general behavior instruction with experimental group applying nursing logo in addition. Patients were surveyed about the satisfaction of nursing logo and nursing safety measures at discharge respectively. Results The satisfaction rate were 96. 7% and 58.4% in experimental and eontrol group respectively, the difference was statistically significant（ X^2 = 20.15,P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions Nursing logo can effectively prevent the occurrence of recessive unsafe factors, can improve patients＇ satisfaction and security. Key words: Urology,hospital; Safety management; Nursing logo

Quality nursing care improves health outcomes, but it requires good vision. Working in a wide array of settings and practice at a range of professional levels, nurses are often the first line of contact with people of all backgrounds, seeking care representing the largest share of the healthcare professionals. Nurses have a critical role to play in achieving the goal of health equity, but they need robust education, supportive work environments, and autonomy. The present study aimed to explore the vision of nursing professionals regarding futuristic Nursing and analyse the association between the vision of nursing professionals about futuristic nursing and demographic variables. An exploratory descriptive design was adopted. A purposive sampling technique was used to include 329 nursing professionals and their consent was obtained. Opinionnaire was prepared in the Google form with 20 statements with a scale of strong agreement to strong disagreement, and responses were obtained from the subjects. Demographic variables, opinionnaire scores, correlation of opinions and the association between the demographic variables and opinions were computed using mean, SD and percentages, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Chi-square test respectively, using SPSS 24.0. A p-value of 0.05 was considered as significant. The association between opinions and demographic variables was statistically not significant. There was a positive correlation between the set of opinions with strong agreement to strong disagreement. The mean of the opinion scores was 69.18 ± 17.998. There was a statistically significant association (p&lt;0.05) between age, education, years of experience and all the selected components of futuristic nursing, except advocating for policy change and enhancing visibility, the image of nursing, being authentic and supportive. There was a statistically significant association (p&lt;0.05) between the current area of practice and working across disciplines, addressing social needs, and advocating for policy change. There was a statistically significant association (p&lt;0.05) between attending any workshop/ conference and addressing social needs. Nursing professionals require sustained reinforcement, support and capacity building to enlighten their vision on futuristic nursing.