Marine infrastructures suffer from accelerated corrosion under coupled saline, humid, and biofouling-prone environments, where even minor coating defects can rapidly evolve into underfilm corrosion and catastrophic failure. Here, a self-healing TA@ZIF-8@ZIF-L/EP composite coating was developed by incorporating tannic acid-loaded ZIF-8@ZIF-L microcapsules into an epoxy resin (EP) matrix for enhanced corrosion protection in marine environments. The core-shell ZIF-8@ZIF-L structure was synthesized via a facile stirring method and served as a pH-responsive carrier for Tannic acid (TA). Upon mechanical damage, the local corrosive microenvironment triggers rapid TA release, followed by interfacial coordination with Fe3+ to form an adherent metal-polyphenol complex film that passivates exposed steel and suppresses corrosion reactions. Meanwhile, lamellar ZIF-L creates a tortuous diffusion pathway, and imidazolate species promote network densification, collectively enabling synergistic, multilevel protection. The result shows that |Z|0.01Hz of TA@ZIF-8@ZIF-L/EP (6.88 × 1010 Ω·cm2) remain far higher than that of EP (2.47 × 109 Ω·cm2) after 60 days of immersion in 3.5 wt % NaCl. Scratched-coating tests demonstrate autonomous self-healing at pH = 3, achieving a self-healing efficiency of 158.14% after 48 h due to rapid TA release and Fe3+-mediated reconstruction of a protective interfacial film at damaged sites. This work provides a scalable strategy to integrate container-enabled on-demand inhibition with interfacial passivation for durable marine anticorrosion coatings.

Conventional depigmenting agents suppress tyrosinase to reduce melanin but can compromise endogenous photoprotection, resulting in a persistent trade-off between whitening efficacy and UV resilience. Here, we engineer sulfur codoped carbon dots derived from arbutin and niacinamide (N, S-ANCD) to integrate enzymatic inhibition, ROS management, and UVB attenuation within a single ultrasmall nanoplatform. Spectroscopic characterization confirms sulfur incorporation and defect-enriched surface states that broaden UV absorption and favor nonradiative energy dissipation. N, S-ANCD exhibits strengthened tyrosinase inhibition and enhanced DPPH/ABTS radical quenching in vitro while maintaining low cytotoxicity and good hemocompatibility. In zebrafish, N, S-ANCD reduces melanin deposition within a defined safety window and mitigates UVB-induced tail-fin injury in both prevention and posttreatment paradigms. Mechanistically, N, S-ANCD lowers ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation, restores antioxidant enzyme activities, and reduces injury-associated fluorescence signals consistent with attenuated cell stress. Transcriptomic profiling further indicates coordinated reversal of UV-activated inflammatory and ferroptosis-related programs and normalization of extracellular matrix/adhesion remodeling toward tissue homeostasis. Together, these results demonstrate that sulfur codoped carbon dots enable low-dose depigmentation while maintaining photoprotection, and highlight defect- and surface-state modulation as a viable design principle for multifunctional cosmetic nanomaterials.

Visualizing concealed optical information by using optical materials enables the identification of hidden threats and early risk warnings. However, current approaches to multimode optical detection using fluorescent materials often employ composite luminescence from multiple rare-earth ions, significantly limiting their application. Here, Mn2+ ions are introduced into LiAlO2 and ingeniously utilize multisite occupation to achieve visual detection of both UV and X-ray radiation. Compared to the yellow photoluminescence (PL) and green long-persistent luminescence (LPL) of LiAlO2:Mn2+, the LPL following X-ray irradiation exhibits a similar yellow emission. However, controlling temperature changes reveals a remarkable yellow-to-green color shift in the high-temperature LPL following X-ray irradiation at temperatures above 398 K. The integration of PL with LPL establishes a novel technical paradigm for designing multimode optical visualization detection materials.

To exhibit the intrinsic functions of functional molecules not only in solution but also in solid materials, we have developed immobilization methods that use porous frameworks as support materials. Conventionally, functional molecules are immobilized via impregnation into porous frameworks using physisorption or grafting on the pore surfaces using chemical bonds. However, these methods can lead to leakage during use and performance degradation owing to structural modifications for immobilization. Recently, cage-like porous frameworks have attracted attention as support materials, and a novel method (encapsulation), where the functional molecules are reliably confined into the pores, has been discovered. The narrow windows of cage-like porous frameworks physically confine functional molecules into their pores, thereby suppressing leakage without chemical bonds and preserving the intrinsic function of the molecules after immobilization. In this perspective, we comprehensively summarize various encapsulation methods and developments of functional solid materials based on encapsulation and outline their future prospects.

Shortfin mako sharks are armored with riblet-like scales, measuring tens to hundreds of micrometers and oriented toward their caudal fins. These well-organized features are known to reduce hydrodynamic drag by regulating boundary layer flow, thereby enabling rapid locomotion and facilitating the removal of attached microorganisms in marine environments. Interestingly, the scales located in the caudal peduncle are superimposed with oriented microwrinkles that promote antifouling performance under low-velocity flow regimes, which guide the design of the antifouling coatings. Bioinspired by shark scales, a self-assembly methodology is developed to engineer hierarchical wrinkle arrays with tunable structural geometries. These architectures induce pronounced anisotropic antiwetting behavior and provide weak microbial anchoring sites, thereby enhancing the efficiency of microbial removal. The influence of structural geometries on the antifouling performance has also been systematically evaluated in this research. It is anticipated that such hierarchically wrinkled structures will provide an environmentally sustainable strategy for manufacturing advanced antifouling coatings applicable to biomedical, marine, and fluid transport applications.

The emergence of 5G/6G wireless communication, aerospace, and sophisticated electronics devices has rendered electromagnetic interference (EMI) a serious challenge to device reliability and signal integrity. This intensifying issue demands a lightweight, flexible, and absorption-dominated shielding material. In this study, we employed coaxial electrospinning to fabricate MXene/graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile core-shell nanofibers. This fabricated core-shell design features a conductive MXene-rich core encapsulated in a graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile shell, which enhances tensile strength, electrical conduction, dipole polarization, impedance matching, interfacial polarization, and internal reflections, thereby improving electromagnetic wave attenuation. The optimized core-shell nanofiber with a graphene oxide-to-MXene mass ratio of 1:2 exhibited a shielding effectiveness of 68.86 dB (99.99995% electromagnetic wave attenuation), an electrical conductivity of 150.0 S·cm-1, and a specific shielding effectiveness of 14,085 dB·cm2·g-1. In addition to blocking electromagnetic interference, the MXene/graphene oxide@polyacrylonitrile core-shell nanofibers exhibit improved ability to facilitate efficient heat dissipation and prevent localized overheating. This multifunctional core-shell nanofiber design offers a flexible, scalable route to developing next-generation materials for EMI shielding, infrared stealth, and thermal management, with potential applications in the electronics, aerospace, and automotive industries.

Haptic feedback with bidirectional communication can effectively enhance the realism and immersion in human-machine interaction. In this work, we propose the FlexHapComm interface, a flexible wearable haptic communication interface that functions as an electronic-skin system. It enables dynamically programmable shape-morphing haptic feedback patterns and supports real-time bidirectional haptic interaction by cointegrating actuation and sensing units. The interface designs an array of hydraulic amplified self-healing electrostatic (HASEL) actuators, each with a diameter of 8 mm and capable of generating up to 150 mN of haptic feedback force. Meanwhile, sponge-like pressure sensors are integrated to provide relatively good sensitivity and excellent mechanical compliance suitable for skin-mounted operation. A multichannel programmable control system independently drives and regulates the actuation and sensing units, allowing precise and synchronized bidirectional haptic communication. Interpersonal interaction experiments verify the high-accuracy transmission and perception of tactile signals, while applications such as gesture training and sign language learning demonstrate the potential of haptic feedback for real-time corrective guidance. This study provides a new technological paradigm for skin-wearable communication platforms, opening a promising avenue toward natural, efficient, and immersive tactile interaction.

Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for patients with solid tumors. However, the intricate inflammatory and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment after surgery is recognized as a primary cause of tumor recurrence and metastasis. Here, we design and construct an in situ injectable therapeutic hydrogel encapsulating 1-methyl-d-tryptophan (1-d-MT), a small-molecule competitive inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and meloxicam, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (Ge1MT/Mel hydrogel) to prevent postoperative tumor metastasis and relapse. In this hydrogel system, 1-d-MT increases cytotoxic T lymphocytes and decreases regulatory T cells, thereby reversing the tumor immune tolerance microenvironment, while released meloxicam reduces inflammation caused by postoperative trauma via the COX-2/PGE2 pathway. When delivered into the resected tumor cavity, the hydrogel system mimics a "hot" tumor-immunity niche to attack residual tumor cells and significantly suppresses the postoperative recurrence of colorectal cancer. In the model of postoperative breast cancer and colorectal cancer recurrence and metastasis, the Ge1MT/Mel hydrogel substantially reduces the volume of recurrent tumors and demonstrates 85.1% and 66.7% inhibition rates of metastases, respectively. Importantly, the Ge1MT/Mel hydrogel markedly stimulates a potent antitumor immune response in the cancer lesion microenvironment, increasing antitumor immune cells including CD8+ T cells, as well as elevating antitumor cytokines such as interferon-γ. Overall, combination immunotherapy via the Ge1MT/Mel hydrogel after surgery represents a promising strategy to minimize residual tumor burden and reduce recurrence risk following tumor resection.

Halide solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have emerged as a compelling research focus for advanced all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLBs), driven by their concurrent possession of exceptional oxidation stability and remarkable mechanical deformability. While Li2ZrCl6 (LZC) has attracted significant attention for its cost-effectiveness and material abundance, its practical application remains a major challenge due to lower ionic conductivity. Herein, we reported a series of Cd2+-doped lithium-rich superionic conductors Li2+2xZr1-xCdxCl6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2), which collectively adopted a Li3YCl6-like trigonal structure. The incorporation of Cd2+ ions, which possess a lower charge and larger ionic radius, enhanced carrier concentration and caused anisotropic lattice expansion. Specifically, Li2.1Zr0.95Cd0.05Cl6 (LZC-5Cd) exhibited the highest ionic conductivity (9.8 × 10-4 S cm-1) at 30 °C while simultaneously broadening the electrochemical window to 4.11 V. The ASSLBs configuration featuring the LiCoO2 cathode, LZC-5Cd electrolyte, and Li-In anode demonstrated superior reversible capacity (161.4 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C) within the wide potential range of 2.5-4.3 V and remarkable cycling stability (80.69% capacity retention over 250 cycles at 2 C). In this regard, this work presented a cost-effective structural engineering strategy that simultaneously boosted ionic conductivity and broadened the working potential range to provide a potential model for the large-scale application of halide-based ASSLBs.

Atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) tin oxide (SnO2) electron-transport layers (ETLs) generally underperform in n-i-p structured perovskite solar cells (PSCs) compared to solution-processed counterparts. The inherent organic residues in ALD-SnO2 disrupt crystallinity and obstruct charge transfer, while they accelerate perovskite interfacial degradation. To address this, an invasive solution bath post-treatment is introduced by using sodium 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate (DMPS) as the additive in the solution bath. DMPS, bearing thiol and sulfonate groups, simultaneously chelates the surface and the inner layer of the SnO2 layer, successfully removing organic residues from the bulk and surface while suppressing water-induced morphological damage. Consequently, this synergistic modification yields champion efficiencies of 25.26% for small-size cells and 22.42% for 12.5 cm2 mini-modules, alongside significantly enhanced operational stability. Our work offers a scalable route for integrating high-performance ALD-SnO2 in large-area n-i-p solar modules.