Abstract The separation of H 2 /CO 2 imposes stringent demands on membrane performance, cost‐effectiveness, and scalable preparation. This study presents an innovative three‐layer composite membrane structure designed to enable pressure‐resistant membrane fabrication on an organic substrate. Specifically, a polyethyleneimine layer (first layer) was employed to coat the substrate, onto which a novel benzimidazole‐and‐amide‐linked polymer separation layer (second layer) was formed via interfacial polymerization with a new monomer combination. The resulting dual‐layer membranes demonstrated exceptional separation performance under 30 bar (423 K), achieving an H 2 /CO 2 selectivity of 16.5 (H 2 permeance of 53.7 GPU) and maintained stability during 200‐h pressure cycling tests (5–30 bar). A third layer was subsequently introduced via polydimethylsiloxane coating for defect repair, and the membrane area was scaled up from 17.9 cm 2 to 56.6 cm 2 (effective test area increasing from 1.33 cm 2 to 19.6 cm 2 for each). The final membranes retained H 2 /CO 2 selectivity >10.0 (20 bar), significantly enhancing the industrial application potential.

Abstract Green ammonia production offers a pathway to carbon‐neutral fertilizers, yet industrial synthesis remains dominated by the energy‐intensive Haber–Bosch process. While Ru‐based catalysts exhibit promising activity under mild laboratory conditions, their scalability and operational stability in practical systems remain unproven. Here, we bridge this critical gap by using a modular, bench‐scale reactor system to evaluate Ru/YHO catalysts across laboratory‐to‐pilot transitions. A 2 wt% Ru/YHO catalyst with 200 mg loading in a laboratory reactor achieved an ammonia formation rate of 17,415 μmol g −1 h −1 at 5 MPa. When scaled to a 300 g catalyst, it maintained a sustained NH 3 yield of 10%. Compared with the conventional Haber–Bosch process, the pilot system can be powered by intermittent wind and solar energy to achieve net‐zero greenhouse gas emissions. This work offers a practical route for integrating renewable energy into ammonia production and demonstrates a model for translating laboratory‐scale catalytic advances into carbon‐neutral industrial technologies.

Abstract Catalyzing polysulfide conversion is vital to mitigate shuttle effects and boost reaction kinetics in Li–S batteries (LSBs). Transition metal dichalcogenides serve as efficient catalysts due to their strong polarity and adjustable electronic structures; however, their practical application remains challenged by sluggish conversion kinetics and insufficient lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) adsorption. Here, we propose a cation substitution strategy which induces lattice distortion for d – p hybridization modulation in cobalt disulfide (CoS 2 ) for realizing improved sulfur redox kinetics and polysulfide adsorption. The electronic structure modulation mechanism is revealed by rationally tuning the d – p hybridization degree via doping various cations (Cu 2+ , Ni 3+ , and Mn 3+ ). Among these cations, the Ni incorporation into CoS 2 lattice induces symmetric and moderate lattice distortion and manipulates the d ‐band center of Co sites, resulting in enhanced d – p hybridization and improved mass transfer and adsorption of LiPSs. Consequently, the Ni‐doped sulfur host exhibits an ultralow decay rate of 0.063% per cycle after 500 cycles at 2 C, and even at a demanding sulfur loading of 6.38 mg cm −2 , it retains a high reversible capacity of 501 mAh g −1 after 60 cycles. The pouch cell demonstration further substantiates its high practical potential of a considerable 203 Wh kg −1 energy density, delivering stable cycling performance with 73% capacity retention after 100 cycles. This work brings valuable design considerations in d – p hybridization modulation for advancing catalytic sulfur redox reactions in LSBs and paves the way for their practical applications as next‐generation energy storage systems.

Abstract 2‐Methoxy‐4‐methylphenol (MMP), a biofuel and flavor, can be produced from lignin‐derived vanillin via hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). Herein, CuPd nanoalloys were confined within SBA‐15 for vanillin HDO. By tuning Cu/Pd mass ratio, a volcano‐like trend in MMP yield and apparent turnover frequency (TOF) was observed. The optimized CuPd nanoalloy catalyst (Cu/Pd = 1) occupied the top position, achieving 96.3% MMP yield within 3 h, with the TOF of 323.5 h −1 , 3 times than that of monometallic Cu catalyst, while other CuPd nanoalloy catalysts, positioned either side, exhibited lower activities. Moreover, it maintained HDO activity over 20 runs, far beyond typical Cu catalysts (~5 runs). Fabricated via microwave‐assisted strategy, the catalysts were confirmed by X‐ray absorption fine structure and density functional theory calculations to form CuPd nanoalloys with Pd δ‐ and Cu δ+ pairs, enabling H 2 dissociation and C=O bond activation. This work demonstrates an efficient approach to robust and stable nanoalloy catalysts for biomass upgrading.

Abstract Coupling water electrolysis with hydrogen‐oxidizing bacteria (HOB) fermentation represents a promising strategy for sustainable polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production and CO 2 mitigation. In this study, a novel PHB‐producing HOB consortium dominated by Acinetobacter was selectively enriched in a custom‐designed gas‐lift bioreactor supplied with electrolytic H 2 and O 2 . The effects of nitrogen limitation, oxygen limitation, and combined nitrogen–oxygen dual limitation on PHB accumulation were systematically investigated. Results demonstrated that oxygen limitation more effectively promoted PHB accumulation compared to nitrogen limitation, while dual limitation yielded the highest PHB content (55.65% of CDW), comparable to pure cultures. Structural and compositional analyses verified successful PHB biosynthesis. Compared with reported pure and engineered strains, the enriched PHB‐HOB community exhibited enhanced adaptability, lower cultivation costs, and promising scalability. These findings highlight the potential of mixed HOB consortia as an efficient and sustainable platform for PHB production from CO 2 , offering valuable insights into electricity‐driven carbon capture and biopolymer synthesis.

Abstract This study presents a novel biphasic absorbent (DDHI) regulated by a dual‐site ionic liquid to resolve the persistent trade‐off between absorption efficiency and regeneration energy in CO 2 capture. The high performance of DDHI is attributed to a newly verified acid–base dual sites synergistic mechanism. The basic site of [N 1111 ][Glu] synergizes with the primary amine (DETA) to enhance CO 2 capture, while its acidic site provides protons to promote product decomposition, significantly lowering the regeneration energy. This dual functionality results in a high CO 2 absorption capacity of 4.6 mol/kg (a 1.3‐fold increase over the IL‐free system) and a low regeneration energy of 1.71 GJ/t CO 2 , with excellent stability over multiple cycles under mild conditions. Spectroscopic analyses and quantum calculations confirm this mechanism, elucidating the distinct roles of the dual sites. This study provides a new perspective for the development of high efficiency, low energy biphasic absorbents.

Abstract Electrocatalytic CO 2 methanation is a promising strategy for renewable energy storage but remains limited by low selectivity and insufficient stability under industrially relevant conditions. Here, a confined Cu atom‐cluster catalyst anchored on a nitrogen‐rich carbon framework (Cu AC/NC) is reported, synthesized via a scalable supramolecular precursor strategy that precisely controls Cu aggregation at the atomic‐cluster scale. In a flow‐cell configuration, Cu AC/NC achieves a CH 4 Faradaic efficiency of ~70% with a partial current density of 316.1 mA cm −2 . In situ spectroscopic analyses reveal that cluster confinement tailors the local reaction microenvironment, facilitating *CO protonation and deep hydrogenation of CO 2 . Deactivation mechanisms in alkaline and acidic electrolytes, as well as under pulsed electrolysis, are systematically examined. By balancing activity and stability, a pure‐H 2 O‐fed system is identified, enabling stable, carbonate‐free operation in scalable membrane electrode assemblies while sustaining methane production at engineering‐relevant current density.

Abstract The significant volume expansion and poor conductivity of Si anodes hinder their applications. In this work, a hierarchical double carbon shell embedded with CoSe 2 /CoO heterostructures derived from Co‐based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐67) and polydopamine (PDA) was coated on Si nanoparticles (Si@CN‐CoSeO@NC). The double shell not only improves electrical conductivity and alleviates volume changes but also establishes a built‐in electric field at the CoSe 2 /CoO interface, enabling efficient charge transfer and enhanced reaction kinetics. Benefiting from the synergies between compositional and structural advantages, the Si@CN‐CoSeO@NC anode delivered high reversible capacity and superior cycling stability, retaining 1198 mA h g −1 after 500 cycles at 1 A g −1 and 538.7 mA h g −1 after 1000 cycles at 5 A g −1 . Furthermore, a full cell coupled with a LiFePO 4 cathode exhibited a high specific capacity of 127.8 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles at 1.2 C.

Abstract This study investigates the erosion behavior and modeling of glass particle beds under impinging jet conditions, with a focus on particle size effects and the onset of cohesion. Ultrasonic profiling is implemented to scan and measure static crater profiles. Results indicate that particle size significantly affects crater dimensions, ring peak formation, and overall crater shape. The smallest glass particles ( d 50 = 35 μm) studied deviate from the trends in crater size, yield stress, and analytical modeling established using larger particles, indicating the onset of cohesion effects at this small particle size. The standard erosion parameter worked well for modeling cohesionless particles down to a certain size limit, beyond which cohesive forces become significant. A new parameter, E τ based on particle critical shear stress, is introduced for erosion modeling in this study. The transition to cohesive behavior observed in the smallest glass particles is successfully accounted for using E τ .

Abstract Chemical looping hydrogen production (CLHP) offers a promising route for continuous high‐purity H 2 generation with integrated carbon capture. Fe 2 O 3 is a commonly used oxygen carrier (OC) in CLHP but is limited by moderate reactivity and low stability. Employing ionic conductor as OC support has been proposed to overcome these limitations, yet the underlying mechanisms, particularly the OC‐support interactions, remain unclear. Here, we investigated CaTiO 3 as a model support and Al 2 O 3 as a reference to elucidate the origins of enhanced performances. The CaTiO 3 ‐Fe 2 O 3 composite exhibited a substantially high reduction rate (~4 times), significantly increased H 2 yield (50% ~ 280%), and enhanced stability over multi redox cycles compared to the reference, comparable to Fe 2 O 3 supported on well‐established ionic conductors. The improved performance is ascribed to increased oxide ion mobility within the bulk Fe 2 O 3 . DFT calculations revealed that the oxide ion mobility was synergistically driven by low‐concentration Ti doping and CaTiO 3 induced tensile strain.