Hip hemiarthroplasty is a common method for treatment of femoral neck fracture in the elderly people. Few reports of functional recovery using the cemented method are available though, several complications are also associated while using this method. In this analytical retrospective study, we compared the complications raised due to the cemented / uncemented Hip hemiarthroplasty in the patients with the femoral neck fracture. We assessed 107 patients treated with hemiarthroplasty methods, among which 53% were male, rest were female. No signif icant mortality rate was seen between two groups. There were also no signif icant differences between two groups in the cardio-pulmonary complications, received blood volume by the patients, prosthesis surrounding thigh fracture during operation, and hemodynamic changes were evidenced. The results of the present study indicated that two cemented and uncemented operation methods have no signif icant differences towards the complications, mortality rates, and hemodynamic changes including blood pressure and heartbeat rate. Generally, both the methods could result in good consequences in the femoral neck fracture surgery.

Till date, aquatic beetle fauna among the thirteen Indian protected areas reported 86 species under 33 genera of 05 families of aquatic beetle species. Among the 05 families, Dytiscidae was included with the highest number of species whereas Haliplidae included the lowest. The highest numbers of species were found in Satkosia Gorge Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS) (19% of total species) and minimum in Buxa Tiger Reserve, Bhibhutibhusan WLS and Binsar WLS (2% of total species).In respect of species composition, the maximum similarity was found in between Satkosia Gorge WLS and Baisipalli WLS (S&D=0.64), and Binsar was having no similarity in view of species composition with the rest of the protected areas. Within the state, other than Odisha, the maximum similarity in species composition were found in between Buxa TR and Bhibhutibhusan WLS (S&D=0.14) in West Bengal. In Uttar Pradesh, Sandy Bird Sanctuary and Suraha Tal WLS are more similar in species composition (S&D=0.47) than others. Similarly, in Himachal Pradesh, Govind Sagar WLS and Renuka WLS are more similar in species composition (S&D=0.15). Whereas, no similarity were found in between Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary and Asan Wetland Conservation Reserve of Uttarakhand.

Wound infections are among the most common reasons why people seek medical advice. In a case-control study, we compared 37 patients with postoperative wound infection in orthopedic-surgical site with 37 persons without infection. During the study we reviewed medical records of the patients who had orthopedic surgery, and collected data regarding the complete treatment and follow up process after discharge, mainly focusing on possible risk factors in the onset of SSIs (surgical site infection). We found the risk of SSI, pre and posterior surgical approach were independently associated with a higher risk of infections. The signif icant differences were seen between hospitalization period and SSI, hematoma at the site of surgery and types of surgeries done besides orthopedics. The f inding showed that prevalence of SSI was 8.8% and it is influenced by the demographic characteristic of patients, injury characteristics, compliance with care protocols before, during and after surgery, factors related to hospitals and staff and types of wound and surgeries.

In order to manage treatment of injuries caused by natural and/or man-made disasters, it is necessary to organize and coordinate various organizations such as hospitals, f ire station, police services, etc. (Drabek, 1985; Hospitals should be prepared for all sorts of expected/unexpected crises (internal-external). Internal crises are an emergency that can lead to discontinuance of services, endanger the lives of personnel, patients and visitors, and sometimes require a rapid evacuation of the hospital

Introduction:The order Chiroptera of the class Mammalia constitutes an interesting group of animals, called bats.This order is the most diverse mammalian order after Rodentia (Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu, 2001) with more than 1290 species (Fenton & Simmons, 2014).Till date, a total of 128 species of bats are reported from South Asia, with the microchiropterans being better represented than the megachiropterans (115 vs. 13 species).Among the countries representing South Asia, India has more than 90% of the total bat diversity of this region, with about 124 species of bats belonging to 8 families are reported from India (Srinivasulu ., 2010;Saikia , 2017).Blyth 1844, commonly known as Blyth's Horseshoe bat belongs to the Family Rhinolophidae.Rhinolophidae is a large family of insecteating bats characterized by their muzzle possessing a unique noseleaf resembling a typical horseshoe shape (Bates & Harrison, 1997).The noseleaf is typically characterized by the presence of the sella and lancets (Fig. -1).This species is widespread in South Asia and Southeast Asia.In South Asia the species has been recorded up to an elevation of 2,330 meters above sea level and known from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan and India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam,

Acute postoperative pain is one of the most important causes of the patients' anxiety, which can lead to chronic pain through stimulating the endocrine responses. Preemptive analgesic approach during perioperative period can reduce postoperative pain complications and the therapeutic costs. Lidocaine is an amide local anesthetic agent with analgesic effects even in a low dose of systemic administration and few side effects. In the present study, a randomized clinical trial conducted on 48 patients (age 18 to 50 yrs.) admitted for surgery of tibial fracture types I or II, the effects of lidocaine infusion on the postoperative pain was tried to understand. The pain intensity of the patients was evaluated by a Visual Analog Scale at 1, 2, 4, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hr post-surgery. The results show that the intravenous infusion of lidocaine during surgery reduced the tibial fracture postoperative pain that signif icantly reduced the dose of systemic administration of opioid for the patients. Conclusively, the intravenous infusion of lidocaine during surgery can be a good option for the patients undergoing tibial fracture class I and II surgeries.

GIS technique also used to determine whether the land resource is suitable for some specif ic uses and to determine the suitability level. The case study area occupies an area of about 3148 hectares in Tabriz city. This paper uses GIS and tools in assessing the suitability of local parks of the city of Tabriz in East Azerbaijan in Iran. The f irst objective of this paper is a study of neighboring, compatibility, accessibility and other physical factors effective in the suitability of local parks of the study area; the second objective is evaluating the spaces suitable for parks distribution in the study area and the third is a study of social factors that effective in the suitability of local parks. The result suggests that 36.4% of local parks of study area are completely compatible with adjacent land uses, also study of suitability of local parks suggest that 46.6% of these parks are in high suitability status, 27.3% are in moderate and 9.1% are in low suitability situation.

Universally the Ashwagandha (Indian Ginseng) could be referred as an extensively researched medicinal plant. It also holds an important place in the . It contains highly potent phytochemicals which are meticulously used as a tonic in for various ailments. Various aspects of this useful plant with reference to the phytochemicals, various biochemical activities, the extraction methods, and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity have been tried to discuss in this paper.