The study examined the management techniques towards the revitalization and effective utilization of the resources of Yinagu river in Madagali LGA of Adamawa State. A total of 200 fishermen aged between 45 years and above were sampled using semi-structured interviews and closed ended questionnaires from January 1998 to December 2003. Factors affecting fish production in Yinagu river were identified in their order of perceved importance as the use of netsof small mesh size (73.5%), poaching (60.0%), foodng (40.0%), rainfal (34.0) and blockage of the river tributaries (18.0%). The management techniques employed to effectivey utilize the resources of Yinagu river include the specification of fishing sites, use of two seasonal fishing, use of rituals, local administration, creation o buffer zones between the water body and sites o farming activities among ohers. Keywords: Management, Revitalization, Effective utilization, Yinagu river, Productivity, ExploitationAnimal Research International Vol. 3 (2) 2006 pp. 473-477

Crude chloroform and aqueous extracts of the duckweed, Pistia stratiotes L., were bioassayed at various concentrations for larvicidal activities against larvae of Culex mosquito and Artemia salina (brine shrimp). The crude (LC50 = 159.50μg/ml) and chloroform extracts (LC50 = 0.0909μg/ml) exerted mortality at 40μg/ml of 16.67 % and 90.0 % respectively on Culex mosquito larvae, while the aqueous extract (LC50 = >1000μg/ml) at 200μg/ml, resulted in 3.33 % mortality. The crude (LC50 = 2524.22μg/ml) was moderately toxic on A. salina larvae at 1000μg/ml which killed 30.00 % of the test organisms. Whereas the chloroform extract showed lower activity on bine shrimp larvae (3.3 % mortality, LC r 50 > 1000μg/ml). The aqueous extract demonstrated no activity on brine shrimp at all concentrations tested. The study showed that the chloroform extract of P. stratiotes selectively exerts cytotoxic effect on Culex mosquito larvae resulting in high mortality with LC50 = 0.0909μg/ml than on the brineshrimp larvae at LC 50 >1000μg/ml. It is therefore recommended that these extracts of P. stratiotes L. should be tested for adulticidal and/or mosquitocidal activity as well as toxicity in higher animals up to man. This may yield a more base line data valuable for use in the development of a microbially active chloroform fraction of the plant for possible use in modern medicine. Keywords: Toxicity, Pistia stratioes Chloroform fractions, Aqueous fractions, Artemia salina, Culex mosquito.Animal Research International Vol. 1 (2) 2004 pp. 95-99

This study was done to determine the combined effects of dietary supplementation of vitamin E and selenium on age-dependent immune response of Trypanosoma congolense-infected white rats (Rattus rattus, whiskers breed). Sixty rats were used in the study, 30 20-day old (newly weaned) rats and 30 90-day old (adult) rats. Four groups of rats with five rats of identical age per group were kept in wre-rat-cages. The cages were labeled G to J. Cage G contained adult rats (Control 1), while cage H contained newly weanedrats (Control 2). Cage I contained adult rats fed diet containing selenium and vitamin E (nutrient), while cage J contained newy weaned rats also fed diets containing selenium and vitamin E. Each treatment was replicated three times. Longevity (days of survival) and differential leucocyte counts which are functions of immune response of the rats upon infection with T. congolense were determined. At the end of the study, the longevity and differential leucocyte counts were analysed for significant differences using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and any differences were partitioned with the least significant difference (LSD) and the Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The resultsrevealed that there was no significant difference in longevity (P > 0.05) between the two control groups (newly weaned and adult rats) but there were significant differences between the longevity of each control group and the longevities of the rats given combned dietary supplementation of the nutrients. Longevity of newy weaned and adult rats given dietary supplementation of selenium andvitamin E were not different (P< 0.05). These results implied that age of the rats was not a contributory factor in improved immune response of the trypanosome-infected rats fed the combined dietary supplementation of selenium and vitamin E. Keywords: Immune response, Newly weaned rats, Longevity, Trypanosoma congolense, Rattus rattus Animal Research International Vol. 1 (2) 2004 pp. 70-76