This paper analyzes the correlation between socioeconomic conditions, as represented through the Comprehensive Municipal Performance Index, and royalty revenues in the municipalities of the department of Chocó between 2012 and 2017. This period is covered by the General Royalties System, which was initially regulated by Law 1530 of 2012 (which was partially repealed by Law 2056 of 2020). Using an econometric model specified and estimated from a panel data structure, which also includes the Institutional Quality Index (ICI) as an explanatory variable, a positive association is initially inferred between royalty revenues and municipal performance in the municipalities of the department studied. However, when robustness tests were performed using a fixed effects model by municipality and year with robust standard errors, the relationship lost significance and changed sign. This suggests that the observed link is neither robust nor causal. Furthermore, there is no statistically significant relationship between institutional quality and municipal performance. Consequently, the findings indicate that the differences between municipalities are more a function of structural factors than the amount of resources transferred. Overall, the results highlight the importance of improving territorial institutions so that royalties translate into sustainable improvements in local well-being and more efficient public management in Chocó.

In recent years, India, one of the world’s largest economies, has experienced the most significant tax reforms with the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST). Since its implementation, the research on this indirect tax has been evolving over time. This paper aims to provide a systematic review of GST-related research since its inception and to identify potential avenues for the future research. For ensuring a rigorous and transparent review process, the PRISMA protocol was employed to scientifically scrutinize articles from the initial pool of 389 research studies retrieved from the Scopus database. Following the screening process 61 articles were retained for further analysis. A comprehensive descriptive analysis was performed to examine publication trends, journal-wise distribution and citation analysis to understand the profile of GST research. This was followed by the application of the Theory- Context-Method (TCM) framework to explore developments in GST research. The results of the study show that GST research in India is characterized by limited theoretical underpinning, restricted sectoral and geographical coverage and predominance of descriptive analyses. This points out the need to extend the contextual coverage and develop more advanced methodological approaches. Additionally, the review offers important implications for policymakers by identifying key research gaps from GST related areas and proposes multiple future research agendas. Furthermore, this study is one of the first reviews of GST in India and makes a significant contribution to the literature on indirect taxation both at national and international levels.

This study examines the influence of social media marketing (SMM) activities on the purchase intention of artisanal products in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Using a quantitative approach with 356 valid responses and Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), five dimensions were analyzed: entertainment, interaction, trend, personalization, and electronic word of mouth (eWOM). The theoretical framework is based on the Theory of Uses and Gratifications. The results reveal that four activities significantly influence purchase intention: eWOM (β=0.339, p<0.001), entertainment (β=0.222, p<0.001), personalization (β=0.155, p<0.001) and interaction (β=0.112, p=0.028). The trend showed no significant effect. The model explains 49.1% of the variance in purchase intention. The findings provide specific strategies for artisans, prioritizing eWOM management and entertaining content on trend following, contributing to the sustainable development of the Mexican artisanal sector.

This article reconstructs John Maynard Keynes's the theory of investment, as presented developed by John Maynard Keynes in his General Ttheory of Employment, Interest aAnd Money, with the aim of clarifying the fundamental ruptures it introduces with respect to the classical and neoclassical traditions. It analyzes the determinants of investment in both the short and long term, focusing with particular emphasis on the marginal efficiency of capital, expectations, liquidity preference, and the notion of uncertainty. The theoretical analysis of Keynes’s proposal supports the hypothesis that his theory of investment diverges from orthodoxy not only because of its specific determinants , — such as the marginal efficiency of capital or the role of liquidity , — but also because it is based uilt upon a different conception of economic functioning, in which uncertainty and unstable expectations prevent investment behavior from responding to objective laws or automatic mechanisms of equilibrium. The article concludes that, according to Keynes, investment does not depend on objective, stable parameters. Instead, it in Keynes’s conception, investment is not a function of objective and stable parameters, but is instead determined by uncertain expectations about the future, which are shaped by confidence, liquidity preference, and the institutional structure characteristic of a monetary economy of production.

The purpose of this article is to contribute to the study of family entrepreneurship and gender by focusing on the well-being of women who engage in independent economic activity. The sample of 3,156 female entrepreneurs was non-probabilistic, the data were taken from the National Survey of Income and Expenditure in the Home, analyzed using the Heckman method (Heckit) and quantile regressions. Among the main findings, we can see that women and heads of households have to work almost three times harder to cover their family expenses than the opposite gender. Slightly more than 70% of the total family expenditure is on food, followed by housing and transportation, which is an aspirational reason that stimulates female entrepreneurship out of necessity. There is a lack of orientation on the use/value of education by women, which may explain the difference in the level of well-being between the two sexes.

Desde la promulgación de la Constitución de 1991 se incrementó el gasto público debido a una serie de derechos que el Gobierno debe garantizar a la población. Según Mauricio Cárdenas, exministro de Hacienda, esta situación llevó a un aumento de estas erogaciones que produjo un déficit fiscal notable en los años noventa del siglo pasado y que obligó al Gobierno a implantar una serie de reformas y medidas para paliar la situación fiscal. Una de esas iniciativas fue la firma de un acuerdo de ajuste macroeconómico con el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) en 1999, que dio origen a la formulación del Marco Fiscal de Mediano Plazo (MGMP) y al Marco de Gasto de Mediano Plazo (MGMP).

The objective of this paper is to analyze the spatial distribution of infant mortality in small geographic areas and to quantify the effect of a set of cofactors that are theoretically associated with the behavior of infant mortality, such as access to health services, lack of access to water in private housing, female schooling, and population size. The study began with the application of an exploratory spatial data analysis whose main purpose is to identify a series of spatial grouping patterns. The methodology used involved fitting seven regression models, six spatial regression models that configure three types of endogenous, exogenous, and error term spatial interaction, and one simple linear regression model (used as a basis for comparison). The selection criterion used to choose the model that best fits the infant mortality data was the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), which provides a measure of the quality of the model fit. The results indicate that the most important direct effect on the spatial behavior of infant mortality comes from the average years of female schooling since the average increase of one year of education would imply a reduction of 0.076 percentage points in the municipal infant mortality rate. Similar results are observed for the variables of lack of access to water and percentage of municipal population.

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar, desde una perspectiva de historia comparada, algunos rasgos del sector exportador venezolano en la colonia, particularmente de la parte final de este periodo, considerando los efectos de esta actividad en la estructura económica, social y política, como preámbulo del proceso independentista. La hipótesis central que se pretende demostrar es que el desarrollo económico y comercial que se dio en la segunda parte del siglo XVIII generó discrepancias entre la élite productiva y la comercial. Estas contradicciones se agudizaron al final del periodo colonial, al incorporarse otros grupos sociales tradicionalmente marginados y al evidenciarse un mayor interés de las autoridades españolas coloniales y de la misma metrópoli por la región. La economía política de este proceso ¾conflicto por la distribución del excedente económico derivado del comercio exterior¾ se constituyó en un ingrediente adicional al proceso independista.

Colombia, bajo la influencia de las economías de enclave, se ha encaminado a desarrollar actividades extractivas de materias primas para su exportación como principal fuente de ingreso. Tales actividades, provenientes en la mayoría de los casos de inversión extranjera directa, posteriormente ocasionan, además de grandes bonanzas por regalías, problemas y conflictos de carácter socioeconómico y ambiental en las poblaciones donde se llevan a cabo. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la incidencia de la explotación petrolera en el desarrollo humano de los habitantes del municipio de Tauramena (departamento de Casanare) en el año 2022, a través de una metodología cualicuantitativa que incluye entrevistas semiestructuradas y encuestas, con la estimación de un modelo de análisis de varianza (ANOVA). Los resultados evidencian que la explotación petrolera no es estadísticamente significativa en la percepción del desarrollo humano ni en sus componentes; además, presenta significancia negativa en los servicios públicos, la riqueza natural, las poblaciones foráneas y la seguridad.

En el artículo se realiza un análisis general sobre aspectos económicos, sociales y políticos que de una u otra manera llevaron a la Argentina a una situación de crisis permanente en materia de brecha presupuestal, motivada por el desborde del gasto público y la dominancia fiscal de la política monetaria con desajustes estructurales en el sector cambiario y externo. Se discuten las diversas políticas de gasto público y el correlato crecimiento de la base monetaria que promueve desbalances en el frente externo con inflación y devaluación permanentes de la moneda nacional que reducen la competitividad real de la base exportación. El artículo también examina las diversas acciones gubernamentales en política monetaria e inflación que de forma permanente reducen el poder adquisitivo y condenan a la población a sufrir mayores índices de pobreza y marginalidad. Se analizan, además, los programas de ajuste macroeconómico que eventualmente podrían realizarse dentro de la economía argentina para dar paso a un programa de dolarización que pueda facilitar el paso a una solución definitiva de las crisis recurrentes que afectan a la nación.