Low voltage Direct Current (LVDC) microgrids have been extensively used as a hopeful technology with high access to distributed energy resources (DERs) and DC loads, due to the absence of multiple conversions. A high amplitude Fault current together with the vulnerability of electronic devices, poses a great challenge to the line protection in LVDC microgrids. Electromechanical switches are slow and take long tripping time to clear the short circuit fault. Power electronic circuit breakers are used to achieve fast fault interruption recent progress in areas like machine learning and natural language processing have affected nearly every assiduity and area of scientific exploration, including electrical engineering. This paper proposes an Artificial Neural Network protection strategy with a Solid-State circuit breaker based bi-directional short circuit current blocker in series with bus for the protection of DC bus in LVDC Microgrid. Artificial neural network (ANN) technique is used for optimization of fault clearing time within a millisecond.

A recent trend in construction involves the application of high-strength mortar which consumes a high quantity of cement. The present study aims at producing a sustainable mortar utilising waste glass powders (GP) as a partial substitute for cement in mortar. GP grains having different particle sizes in equal proportions were carried out in the mortar mix for improved packing. After realising the cementing properties of GP particles from the microanalyses like micron-size, silica-rich, reactive, and thermal resistance, mechanical and durability aspects of the mortar composite with manufactured sand as a fine aggregate were examined. The mechanical properties of the mortar composite were assessed by mortar cube compressive strength with GP substitution rates at 5 % to 30 %, in steps of 5 %. The durability characteristics were investigated by the resistance of mortar specimens to hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) attacks after 56 days of immersion in the corresponding acid solutions. Results showed a marginal increase in the strength of GP mortar compared to pure cement mortar at 10 % GP substitution and its increased pozzolanic activity was confirmed by strength activity index and microstructure analysis. Improved resistance of the GP mortars to acid attacks indicated its superior durability properties. Thus, GP is a viable partial alternative for cement in implementing a sustainable construction practice.

The transition toward renewable energy-dominated power systems have accentuated the intricacies of frequency control, necessitating advanced regulatory mechanisms. This investigation articulates a tri-zonal frequency stabilization approach, employing a hybridized controller that synergizes Fuzzy Fractional-Order PI and Tilt-Integral-Derivative methodologies. The uniqueness of this approach is further amplified by the deployment of the Snake Optimization algorithm for precise parameter tuning. Set within a conventional grid topology integrated with assorted renewable energy sources, the study evaluates the controller’s adaptability and resilience through a series of comprehensive scenario-based analyses.

Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is considered an energy-efficient process with high potential for utilization in many chemical processes. This study presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of cavitating flow through an orifice with a constant flow area. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, coupled with turbulence and cavitation models, are employed to capture the complex flow behaviors. The effects of inlet pressures and number of orifice-holes on cavitation behavior are investigated. Result of the numerical simulation is validated with the existing experimental data from the literature. The CFD study revealed that cavitation initiates just behind the inlet edge of the orifice plate. The gas phase then develops and collapses at the downstream location, which resulted from the simultaneous influence of shear stress and turbulence associated with the rapid phase change of the fluid medium. An increase in the upstream pressure is favorable for enlarging the cavitation zone, leading to intensified HC, which effectively decreases the cavitation number. Similarly, an increase in orifice holes while fixing the flow area enables to increase the intensity of HC. The cavitation number decreases from 0.62 (inlet pressure of 500000 Pa/single hole orifice) to 0.34 (inlet pressure of 1000000 Pa), while the cavitation numbers of the 3 and 5 holes are 0.59 and 0.55, respectively. Overall, the cavitation inception is lower than 1.5, which indicates the potential for severe cavitation.

The Wediombo Coastal Area is a Marine Protected Area (MPA) with highly potential in coral reef ecosystems. According to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), coral reefs play a vital role in supporting human life by providing provisioning, supporting, regulating, and cultural services. However, the utilization of this area as a tourist destination and suboptimal management practices have led to the degradation of its coral reef ecosystems. Efective management strategies for the sustainability of coral reefs can have positive impacts across ecological, economic, social, technological, and institutional dimensions. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the sustainability management of coral reef ecosystem in the Wediombo MPA and formulate sustainable management strategies using quantitative and qualitative methods. The sustainability index analysis is conducted using Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) with the Rap-Insus COREMAG (Rapid Appraisal-Index Sustainability of Coral Reef Management) method across ecological, economic, social, technological, and institutional dimensions. The analysis of management strategy in this reseach is conducted using SWOT analysis method. The results indicate that the management of coral reef ecosystems in the Wediombo MPA is highly sustainable, with a sustainability index score of 84.88. Among the dimensions, the technological and institutional aspects show higher sustainability values compared to the others that shows the highly impact on sustainable coral reef management. Priority strategies for the sustainable management of coral reefs in the Wediombo MPA focus on the Strength-Threat Strategy, which includes strengthening regulations, enhancing government support, raising public awareness, and implementing community-driven policies to mitigate harmful practices and promote coral reef conservation.

The unique sound characteristics of music are based on multiple harmonic frequencies that exist within the sound waves. Through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) software, the wave can be broken down into frequency and amplitude components. Spectrum analysis can be used quantitatively to describe these sound characteristics. In this paper, the frequency range present in the spectrum and the average intensity of the first 10 high notes in the sound are used to classify the sound characteristics of the cello and violin. This is done by generating a frequency (x-axis) and amplitude (y-axis) graph for the sounds of the cello and violin. The frequency and amplitudes are used to calculate 7 descriptors for sound characteristics, namely the centroid (f ) Affinity (A), Brightness or Sharpness (S), Harmonicity (H), Monotony (M), Mean Affinity (MA), and Mean Contrast (MC). The results of the research reveal that quantitative frequency data analysis can generate and map sound characteristics. Quantitative analysis allows the quality of sound characteristics to be transformed into information understood by the computer. Eurostring cello string C2 is the most affinity (having a minimum A value, approaching 1, indicating that f o and f are close). Eurostring violin string D4 have the brightest sound (maximum S value). Stradivarius copy violin strings D4 is the most harmonic (having a minimum H value, approaching 0). Eurostring cello string C2 shows harmonics present in most successive reductions (negative M) after f o . The MA value of Spicato cello C2 indicates dense secondary sound and is close to f . The maximum MC value of Eurostring violin string D4 indicates normalized amplitude for its high-secondary frequency.

Medicinal plants are generally known for its health benefits and there has been ongoing research to gather evidence on potential plants that could exhibit antioxidant activities. In this study, we explored underutilised local medicinal plants which are Stenochlaena palustris and Diplazium esculentum, locally known as 'Lemiding' and 'Pakis', respectively. The aim was to determine the effect of extraction time on phytochemical contents, antioxidant activities and total phenolic content (TPC) of the two plant species. Maceration method was used to extract the compounds from leaves of the plant in distilled water at different durations of extraction i.e. 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h and 24 h. Phytochemical screening of the two plant species as aqueous extracts detected the presence of reducing sugar, phenol and saponins. DPPH radical scavenging antioxidant assay revealed that 8-h S. palustris aqueous extracts (77.6 ± 0.04%) and 2-h D. esculentum aqueous extracts (48.8 ± 0.05%) exhibited the highest radical scavenging activities in each plant species. Additionally, quantitative results of phenolic compounds were found to be twice as high in S. palustris (11.27 ± 2.44) than in D. esculentum (4.34 ± 0.95) aqueous extracts. Based on these findings, S. palustris emerges as a more promising antioxidant, highlighting its role for potential applications.

Food labelling is an essential feature for food product marketing and is mainly regulated by national food authority. Food package labelling provides information on product composition, usage instructions, shelf-life safety, storage conditions, and nutritional profile. The purpose of this study is to review the scope of the current food labelling system used in local food products. We surveyed 3 different food categories: 1) processed meat products, 2) bread, and 3) snacks, and examined the nutritional labelling criteria with respect to the carbohydrates, protein, and particularly sodium (salt) content. A broad market survey was carried out across Brunei and Muara district, collecting data on 99 processed meat products, 77 bread products, and 73 snack products. The major findings revealed that many of the chicken and beef items (36% and 37%, respectively) were unlabelled and only 6% and 4% of labelled chicken and beef products (respectively) had sodium content statement found on their labels. In addition, we found that majority of the seafood products and bread loaf products were not labelled at all, and the snack products were only 10% labelled. These findings emphasised Brunei Darussalam's lacking an obligatory regulatory system for food product labelling.

Neo-banks in India are harnessing data analytics to address ESG risks, collaborating with various stakeholders, and striving to promote ESG values. Their endeavours not only enhance the customer experience but also contribute to a more sustainable and ethical financial system, with the potential to reduce the carbon footprint as digital banking gains traction in India. We examine whether ESG-rated banks can diminish customer effort and improve the overall customer experience, ultimately encouraging greater participation in sustainable financial practices. We employ text mining to analyse 2156 reviews of ESG-rated banks' digital services, from which we derive the Customer Effort Score. We find a linear relationship between the ESG values and the Customer Effort Score. The customer reviews suggest that neo-banks in India have the potential to revolutionize the banking industry. However, they need to address customers' concerns regarding the limited range of products and services offered and the high interest rates on loans. ESG-rated banks are more likely to take a customer-centric approach to their business. Banks with firm ESG commitments tend to uphold transparent supply chains, improving customer experiences and higher Customer Effort Scores. Consequently, banks are increasingly adopting ESG principles as an integral part of their business models. ESG ratings are a valuable metric for gauging a bank's commitment to long-term sustainability. We find that banks with a strong commitment to ESG principles are more likely to maintain transparent and ethical supply chains, thereby reducing the risk of their customers encountering privacy-related issues or questionable practices.