The major challenge, which the financially insufficient firm tries to overcome, is the uncertain demand during the sales season and the possible bankruptcy due to the lower demand than the initial order quantity. Most traditional studies on the operational decision problem address this challenge by assuming that the retailer has enough capital to procure as many products as necessary. However, small and medium size firms with insufficient capital or even startup companies are generally financially constrained for procuring or producing the product. Thus, to address the financially constrained problem, in this study we model a financially constrained two-level supply chain consisting of a financially-deficient retailer and a bank. In this supply chain, the supplier can sell a product at two wholesale prices to the retailer before and during the sales season, respectively. Then the retailer makes an initial order to the supplier with this loan from the bank and then sells the product to its customers at a selling price during the sales season. Moreover, if the realized demand is more than the initial order quantity, the retailer can make the second order at a higher wholesale price than the initial wholesale price. The analytical results from this model can be summarized as follows: First, the retailer’s optimal initial ordering decision is a non-increasing function of the bank’s decision, interest rate. Second, as the procuring cost through the quick response increases, the retailer’s initial ordering quantity increases and thus the amount of loan from the bank increases. Third, as the retailer’s initial capital increases, the amount of loan from the bank decreases. Forth, the retailer’s initial ordering quantity with the quick response strategy is almost surely less than without the quick response strategy.

The complexity and ambiguity of the contribution of foreign direct investment (FDI) to economic growth necessitates the development of recommendations for the analysis and management of foreign investment flows to maximize their positive impact on the economy and prevent negative consequences.In this regard, the aim of the study is to propose an economic and mathematical modeling of the foreign direct investment impact on economic growth and their interaction with domestic direct investment.The article proposes a classification of factors that determine the inflow of foreign direct investment to developed countries and developing countries.By introducing the external effect of foreign direct investment (capital repatriation), the authors modified the model with foreign direct investment in the form of accumulated foreign capital reserves.An analytical expression is obtained to relate the rate of economic growth to the amount of repatriation depending on the effects of supplementing and substituting foreign direct investment for foreign direct investment.

This research is conducted for assessing the relationship between the level of environmental financial accounting practices (EFAP) and financial performance (FP) of listed firms.Data were collected from listed firms on Vietnam Stock Exchange for the period from 2013 to 2017, including the firms disclosed and not disclose EFAP.Ordinary least square (OLS), fixed effect model (FEM), and random effect model were employed for processing the data.The results reveal that there is a close relationship between the EFAP and financial performance.In addition, there is a difference in financial performance between the group of firms disclosed and not disclosed EFAP.Based on the findings, some recommendations are given for motivating EFAP in the listed firms for improving financial performance.

As in agriculture, fisheries sector faces long list of uncertainty and unsustainability in supply of the products. This is due to the great possibility of natural disaster and moral hazard by the actors in fisheries which lead to the instability of value chain on fisheries commodity from downstream to upstream. Thus, a study must be done in order to explore and minimize the disturbance of the stream of value chain in fisheries. This study aims to investigate the attributes playing big role on affecting value chain cooperation among actors in fisheries commodity in Kei Islands. Data mining is used on the study to determine factors playing major roles in smoothing cooperation in value chain of fisheries commodity, with 220 datasets obtained from actors in fisheries micro-enterprises in Kei Islands taken from August to November, 2019. The result shows that, on average, weights of four data mining techniques; namely support vector machine, fast large margin, logistic regression, nave bayes and generalized linear model all appear to put management as the leading factor that contributes the most for the cooperation of value chain of fisheries commodity in Kei Islands. This finding implicates that management on all micro-enterprises of fisheries business in Kei Islands has to be the main focus, which is mainly related to basic knowledge on conducting cooperation and maintaining relationship among all actors in fisheries sector, therefore, NGO and local government need to step in and play role on educating all actors for better good governance of the business to obtain the great sustainability in the value chain of fisheries commodity in the region .

inancial development market (FMD) may have positive or negative environmental consequences. This research investigated the effects of FMD and income on CO2 emissions in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries during 1980-2018. We found that income had positive effect but FMD had insignificant impact on emissions in GCC panel. Then, we tested these effects in the individual country time series and found that income had positive impact in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Oman and had insignificant effect in other GCC countries in long run. Effect of FMD was positive in Oman, was negative in UAE and was insignificant in rest of GCC countries. Effect of income was positive in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait and was insignificant for other countries in short run. The effect of FMD was positive in Kuwait and was negative in UAE. We recommend UAE to expand the financial market and suggest Oman and Kuwait to have a check on the financially supported pollution-oriented activities.

In a market economy, entrepreneurship requires large-scale innovations to maintain competitiveness and high rates of economic growth, and large investments are needed to implement innovations. However, in the process of their activities, investors face increased investment risk and therefore need reliable methods of investment evaluation and investment modeling of innovations in industrial enterprises. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual model for assessing the investment attractiveness of innovative projects. The article builds a graphical model of investment in an innovative product at different stages of its life cycle. A conceptual structural and mathematical model for assessing the investment attractiveness of innovative projects of industrial enterprises has been developed, which reflected the stages of risk management, phases of the life cycle of the innovation project and the stages of the innovation process. The main idea of the proposed model is to manage investment in innovation based on the impact on the level of specific innovation risks.

Recently, there has been explosive growth in the development of the digital industry concept. One of the most important elements of this concept is the application of mathematical modeling methods and data mining to create models of production processes and final products, with the aim of making decisions under stochastic uncertainty. In this paper, a method of diversifying the investment portfolio in the formation of a digital twin is proposed, which is aimed at reducing the total risk by distributing existing assets (resources, investments, etc.) between the analog and digital enterprises. Three types of scenario are proposed: pessimistic -when an enterprise -a pessimist -does not show risk exposure under this scenario when forming a digital counterpart; neutral -when an enterprise shows a neutral attitude to risk (indifference); optimistic -enterprise -optimist is exposed to risk, in particular the risk of untapped opportunities. The result is a set of optimal portfolios, each reflecting a particular position of the enterprise on the risks of untapped opportunities and a certain scenario of forming a portfolio structure, taking into account the relationship between the individual components of the risks of untapped opportunities. Highlighted the advantages of technology "digital twins" for business. Digital counterparts use the data obtained from sensors installed on production lines or on the basis of the final product to predict equipment malfunctions, optimize product quality and reduce the negative impact of production processes on the environment.

This research aimed to investigate the impact of the intrapreneurial behaviors of bank employees on the innovative performance of commercial banks in Jordan and the moderating role of employees' characteristics. The research population comprised of approximately 676 branches of commercial banks, with approximately 18,858 banking employees from different cities in Jordan. A convenience sampling technique was used to choose the participants in this research. A total of 372 questionnaires were distributed, and 250 were returned. The number of valid questionnaires was 242, which was a response rate of 65%. The results confirmed a significant and positive effect of intrapreneurial behaviors on the innovative performance of banks. This research provides useful guidelines for further and future research possibilities, such as exploring why one bank's performance or competitiveness is stronger than another bank, where extracting entrepreneurial performance from the employees and supporting it represents the difference between banks. Banks that engage in better entrepreneurial performance will perform better, resulting in better productivity and business sustainability. The outcome of this study provides essential suggestions for banks for enhancing and support innovative performance in Jordan.

Building favorable investment climate for economic development / I. Irtyshcheva, I. Kramarenko, S. Shults, Y. Boiko, K. Blishchuk, N. Hryshyna, N. Popadynets, І. Dubynska, O. Ishchenko, D. Krapyvina // Accounting. – 2020. – Vol. 6, № 5. – P. 773–780.

This research aims to find the tendency fiscal illusion's existence in regencies/cities of South Sumatera Province during the period 2012 -2018. In addition to detecting fiscal illusions, the study aims to determine the factors that explain the estimated value of detected fiscal illusions. To detect fiscal illusions, the study uses 3 approaches divided into 3 models, namely revenue enhancement, expenditure manipulations, and debt utilization. The sample of this research is 15 regencies/cities in South Sumatra Province. The analytical method used is panel data regression. The results of this study show that there was a fiscal illusion detected in regencies/cities of South Sumatera Province in the 2012-2018 period through the expenditure manipulation approach. Besides that, the test results also show that all variables in the expenditure manipulation approach affect and are able to explain the detected fiscal illusion.