The sponge is one of the potential sources of bioactive compounds. Among them, the sponge Aaptos has been a promising discovery of leading drugs including aaptamine (1). This study investigated the aaptamine (1), spectroscopically determined, from Aaptos sp. collected from Bunaken National Park, Indonesia, as an anticancer agent, specifically targeting colorectal cancers (CRCs). Compound 1 showed potent cytotoxicity against DLD-1 and Caco-2 with IC50values of 30.3 and 236.8µg/mL, respectively. In addition, the exposure of compound 1 on those colorectal cancer cells could promote cell cycle arrest and relatively induce necrotic cell death.

A directed method for the preparation of hybrid compounds based on furan-2(3H)-ones and chromen-4(4H)-one, (E)-3-{[2-oxo-5-arylfuran-3(2H)-ylidene]methyl}-4H-1-benzopyran-4-ones, the structure of which was confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, UV, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray single crystal analysis, was developed. The molecular geometry of the synthesized compound (E)-3-((2-oxo-5-phenylfuran-3(2H)-ylidene)methyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (3a) was analyzed and compared with X-ray diffraction data, DFT calculations were performed using 6-311G split-valence basis functions.

Three mononuclear nickel(II), cadmium(II) and zinc(II) complexes, [NiL2]·2CH3OH·H2O (1), [CdI2(HL)]·CH3OH (2) and [ZnL2] (3), have been synthesized from 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-N'-[(Z)-(pyridin-2-yl)methylidene]benzohydrazide (HL) by microwave irradiation method. All complexes were characterized by CHN elemental analyses and infrared spectra. Structures of the complexes were further studied by single crystal X-ray determination, which reveals that the Ni and Zn atoms in complexes 1 and 3 are in octahedral coordination, and the Cd atom in complex 2 is in square pyramidal coordination. The biological activity of the complexes on the bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli wasevaluated. As a result, the zinc complex has interesting antibacterial activities.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by elevated blood sugar levels, leading to organ dysfunction. Curcumin, derived from turmeric, exhibits promise in managing type II diabetes. Nanomicelles were created by conjugating curcumin with chitosan through succinic anhydride. Succinyl-curcumin, the resultant compound, was esterified with chitosan to form a polymer prodrug conjugate. Nanomicelles, formed via dialysis, were spherical with a hydrodynamic size of 49.37 nm. In vitro release studies revealed 97% curcumin release at pH 5 in 7 days. A 21-day experiment on diabetic mice compared nanomicelles, standard drug, and free curcumin's impact on fasting blood glucose. The study showcased gradual, controlled curcumin release from nanomicelles, suggesting their potential in type II diabetes treatment.

1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-[4-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)thiosemicarbazones] (6a-j) were evaluated against Para-influenza-3, Reovirus-1, Sindbis, Coxsackie B4 and Punto Toro viruses. New 1-methyl-1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-[4-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)thiosemicarbazones] (7a-c) were synthesized to evaluate the contribution of methyl substitution at position 1- of the indole ring to antiviral activity. The test results showed that compounds 5-trifluoromethoxy- substituted 6c (EC50: 2-9 µM) and 5-bromo- substituted 6f (EC50: 2-3 µM) have non-toxic selective antiviral activity while not all standards are active against Reovirus-1. Molecular docking studies of 6c and 6f were carried out to determine the possible binding positions with Reovirus-1. Trifluoromethoxy and bromine substitutions at position 5- of the indole ring provided selective antiviral activity, while methyl substitution at position 1- of the indole ring significantly decreased the activity and increased toxicity against Reovirus-1.

Hydrogen peroxide (HP) is widely used in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This study evaluates the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of Acid Orange 8 (AO 8) at a higher concentration by modified Fenton processes using substituted HP such as tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and sodium perborate (SPB) and sodium persulphate (SPS) as oxidants. Under optimal conditions, COD removal was found to be 72.8 and 58.9% at pH 3.0 and 6.5 in the Fenton process in 300 min.The COD removal efficiency of different systems is in the order: Fe2+/SPB>Fe2+/HP>Fe2+/TBHP>Fe2+/SPS indicating the possibility of using SPB as a substitute for HP and SPS. The order of efficiency is attributed, among other factors, to their ability to produce HO. radicals. Various anions are shown to exhibit an inhibitory effect in the order: I->Br->F->Cl->SO42->NO3-. The inhibitory effect of Cl- is observed at higher concentrations than F- and Br-, even though I- displays inhibition at all concentrations. Finally, COD removal kinetics and the degradation mechanism, based on the identified intermediate products, were determined in this study.

Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) has emerged as a promising target for atherosclerosis threatment. However, the availability of selective SMS2 inhibitors and their associated pharmacological properties remains limited. This research paper explores various QSAR modeling techniques applied to a range of compounds acting as SMS2 inhibitors. Multiple distinct QSAR modeling methodologies were employed, including conformation-independent, GA-MLR and 3D based QSAR modeling, and their mutual correlations were investigated, Various statistical methods were applied to assess the quality, robustness, and predictive capacity of these developed models, yielding favorable results. Furthermore, molecular fragments derived from SMILES notation descriptors, which account for the observed changes in the evaluated activity, were defined. The methodology presented in this research holds potential for identifying novel agents for atherosclerosis treatment by targeting sphingomyelin synthase 2.

This work summarizes our research on synthesis, characterization and toxicity of selected UV-A filters and their antioxidant shield in commercial formulation - resveratrol. Benzophenone type of UV filters react under disinfection conditions with chlorine and form different mono- and dichlorinated products, while dibenzoylmethane derivatives, such as avobenzone, react with chlorine and form two main bridge chlorinated products followed by numerous chlorinated species at the advanced stages of the process. Resveratrol showed three main susceptible centers to chlorination, starting from the electrophilic addition to the double bond and continuing with the chlorination of the phenolic moieties. Several experiments conducted under different disinfection conditions (pool/sea water, addition of salts, irradiation) showed basically similar chlorination patters with some variations in terms of product formation. The results of toxicity assessment using different test organisms (Vibrio fischeri, microalgae, daphnids) have shown different sensitivity of testing organisms to the parent UV filters in comparison with chlorinated products as well as different toxicity for specific UV filter in comparison to the others. As the closing loop of all experiments in the laboratory, an up-scaling to the real human skin is presented.

A novel series of cis-2-azetidinones 2(a-c ) was carried out by the cyclo addition reaction of imine 1(a-c ) and acyl chloride in dry dichloromethane at 0-5 oC using triphenylamine. The cyclo addition of the Schiff bases with chloroacetyl chloride resulted corresponding major product cis-2-azetidinone stereoisomers 2(a-c). The synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral (Infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis) data. Keywords: Benzothiazole, β-lactam, Schiff base, cis-2-azetidinone, Staudinger reaction Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the Eskişehir Osmangazi University Scientific Research Projects Council for financial support (Project No: 2014/19A208). References • C. M. L. Delpiccolo, M. A. Fraga, E. G. Mata, J. Comb. Chem. 2003, 5, 208-210. DOI: 10.1021/cc020107d. • R. B. Pawar, V. V. Mulwad, Chem. Heterocycl. Compd. 2004, 40, 219-226. DOI: 10.1023/B:COHC.0000027896.38910.d1. • P. D. Mehta, N. P. S. Sengar, A. K. Pathak, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2010, 45, 5541-5560. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.09.035. • G. S. Singh, B. J. Mmolotsi, Il Farmaco, 2005, 60, 727-730. DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2005.06.008. • C. D. Risi, G. P. Pollini, A. C. Veronese, V. Bertolasi, Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 6995-6998. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(99)01421-5. • H. G. I. Georg: The Organic Chemistry of β-Lactams, Weinheim/VCH Publishers, New York, 1993, p. 295. DOI: 10.1002/ange.19941060738. • R. F. Abdulla, K. H. Fuhr, J. Med. Chem. 1975, 18, 625-627. DOI: 10.1021/jm00240a022. • W. Dürckheimer, J. Blumbach, R. Lattrell, K. H. Scheunemann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 24, 180-202. DOI: 10.1002/anie.198501801. • P. D. Mehta, N. P. S. Sengar, A. K. Pathak, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2010, 45, 5541-5560. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.09.035. • H. Staudinger, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1907, 356, 51-123. DOI: 10.1002/jlac.19073560106. • A. K. Bose, M. Jayaraman, A. Okawa, S. S. Bari, E. W. Robb, M. S. Manhas, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6989-6992. DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01571-7. • A. K. Bose, B. K. Banik, M. S. Manhas, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 213-216. DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)02225-Z. • A. Arrieta, B. Lecea, F. P. Cossio, J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 5869-5876. DOI: 10.1021/jo9804745. • P. Vicini, A. Geronikaki, M. Incerti, B. Busonera, G. Poni, C. A. Cabras, P. L. Colla, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2003, 11, 4785-4789. DOI: 10.1016/S0968-0896(03)00493-0. • K. Mogilaiah, R. B. Rao, K. N. Reddy, Indian J. Chem. 1999, 38B, 818-822. • 16. I. Georg, V. T. G. I. Ravikumar, Ed. Verlag Chemie, 1993, 295- 368 New York, • L. Jiao, Y. Liang, J. Xu. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 6060- 6069 • H. C. Sakarya, M. Yandımoğlu, Croat. Chem. Acta, 2018, 91, 533-541. DOI: 10.5562/cca3386. • D. A. Nelson, J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 1447-1449. DOI: 10.1021/jo00974a038. • K. D. Barrow, T. M. Spotswood, Tetrahedron Lett. 1965, 6, 3325-3335. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)89203-0. • J. Decazes, J. L. Luche, H. B, Kagan, Tetrahedron Lett. 1970, 11, 3665-3668. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)98556-9. • D. A. Nelson, Tetrahedron Lett. 1971, 12, 2543-2546. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)96914-X.

In this research, fifteen novel derivatives of the thiazolacton skeleton were synthesized using Erlenmeyer Plöchl reaction procedure. Glycine, alanine and leucine amino acids are used to make dithiocarbamate precursor by reacting aminoacids with carbon disulfide and benzyl chloride. Obtained benzyl dithiocarbamate undergoes thiazolactone formation in presence of acetic anhydride and then condensed with arylglyoxals as condensing carbonyl group source. Products were characterized using their spectroscopic IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR data. In continue computational chemistry methods used to get some information about the products such as structural characteristics, charge distribution, 1H NMR and UV-Visible spectra. Results showed that the calculated chemical shifts are in good agreement with experimentally recorded ones. The B3LYP density functional method in conjunction with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set is used for all calculations.