The white tea extract (WTE) has compounds that act as antioxidants, which enhance sperm characteristics during storage. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of adding different concentrations of WTE stored at 4 °C for 24, 48 and 72 h on semen quality. Semen samples were collected from three Awassi rams, and the ejaculates were combined. Semen were divided into four equal parts, and it was diluted with Tris; beside the extender, the control group was (A0, without WTE), the second group A1 (0.05 mg WTE), the third group was A2 (0.10 mg WTE), and the fourth group was A3 (0.15 mg WTE). Results revealed the percentages of individual motility, live, and sperm membrane integrity were enhanced significantly (P <0.05) throughout storage in the A2 group compared to other groups. The A1, A2 and A3 groups decreased significantly (P <0.05) in total sperm abnormality percent at 48 and 72 h. Abnormal head sperm decreased significantly (P <0.05) at 24, 48 and 72 h in the A2 and A3 groups. While the A2 group decreased significantly (P <0.05) in abnormal middle sperm throughout storage. In conclusion, WTE has compounds in it that function as antioxidants. Especially when 0.10 mg of WTE was added to extenders, there was an improvement in individual motility, live sperm, and sperm membrane integrity, as well as a decrease in total sperm abnormality and types of abnormal sperm (head, middle, and tail).

Annona muricata, commonly known as soursop or graviola, is a tropical evergreen tree belonging to the Annonaceae family, widely recognized for its diverse medicinal and nutritional properties. This plant is native to Central and South America but is now cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It thrives in warm, humid climates, requiring well-drained soils with moderate rainfall to grow optimally. The tree produces large, green, spiny fruits with soft white pulp, which are widely consumed as fresh fruit or used in beverages, desserts, and traditional cuisines due to their unique flavour and nutritional benefits. Traditionally, A. muricata has been utilized in folk medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including diabetes, hypertension, cancer, inflammation, bacterial infections, and much more. Nearly every part of the plant (leaves, bark, roots, fruit) contains bioactive compounds such as acetogenins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolics, which contribute to its therapeutic effects. In vivo and in vitro studies have highlighted its pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive properties, etc. However, recent research has raised concerns about the potential neurotoxic effects of certain compounds in A. muricata, particularly annonacin, which has been associated with neurodegenerative conditions in high doses. While the plant holds promise for therapeutic applications, further research is needed to clarify its mechanisms of action, evaluate its safety profile, and determine appropriate dosage levels to balance efficacy and toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of A. muricata, including its botanical description, growing environment, traditional and food uses, pharmacological studies, and considerations regarding potential neurotoxicity.

Purpose of the retrospective, present study was to determine whether fecal microbiota transplantation (fMt) from well known, otherwise healthy lean donor dogs could be capable of substituting disease condition from disease to health status, reverting to factory settings and further might improve the life quality of dogs with several different diseases. Taking into account study design, setting and enrollment (along with accompanying archive data) this clinical trial was conducted between 2011 to 2024 among 1,885 diseased dogs with several different system involvement were treated with fMt at median number of 2 to 6 occasions. To those of solely eligible dogs (with witten owner consent, triage position, without systemic inflammatory respond syndrome or other hazardous condition) were recruited for the study. Data were analyzed from March 2011 to June 2024. All fMt interventions from each lean donor (heterologous) were administered either by gastroduodenoscopy (n = 112 into the duodenum) or by rectal enema (n = 1,773 into the colon). Available cure rates ranged from 41.42% to 93.61% regarding entire enrolled dogs. Forest plot denoted an overall response rate of 76%. Highest cure rates (nearly 94%) were deemed available for gastroentero-dermatological disorders to those of satisfactory clinical recovery for each cases enrolled. Lowest cure rates were observed for endocrinological and cardiovascular disease conditions exhibiting 41 and 47%, respectively. Available results were establish future meta-analysis source in which data is lacking. This study should highlighten the efficacy and possible treatment switching modalities to those of uncurable diseases.

This study investigated genetic diversity, population structure, and selection footprints across 16 local sheep breeds from the Danube region using high-density SNP data. The diversity status was derived from the overall heterozygosity and genomic-based inbreeding coefficients (FHOM and FIS). Population stratification was assessed using principal component analysis, phylogenetic networks, and admixture estimation. Selection footprints were identified based on the genome-wide Wright's fixation index (FST) distribution. Moderate observed and expected heterozygosity levels were found, with the highest values in the Improved Valachian breed (Ho = 0.44±0.10, He = 0.44±0.08) and the lowest in the East Friesian (Ho = 0.37±0.16) breed. Inbreeding coefficients aligned with heterozygosity patterns, indicating an increase in inbreeding in geographically or historically separated breeds and reduced inbreeding in recently developed composite breeds, particularly the Improved Valachian and Slovak Dairy sheep. All approaches testing population structure confirmed breed stratification corresponding to geographic and phylogenetic backgrounds, while admixture analysis revealed the highest proportion of genetic admixture in the composite breeds. A genome-wide scan revealed 24 candidate regions under selection pressure across 15 autosomes, encompassing 48 protein-coding genes, including those related to reproduction (TNP1, AMHR2) and immune response (SLC11A1, IL9, JAK3). Functional enrichment analysis identified overrepresented GO terms related to protein binding, spermatogenesis, hypoxia response, and KEGG pathways such as TGF-beta and VEGF signalling. This study provides insights into breed-specific selection pressures driven by diverse breeding goals and environmental adaptation in sheep breeds in the Danube region. The study also highlights the importance of genomic tools for preserving genetic diversity and supporting sustainable breeding strategies in local populations.

Using the polymerase chain reaction method in real-time, we investigated the polymorphism of the RYR1 and LEP genes in sows of the sizeable white breed of different origins. Following the purpose of the work, we conducted a study of the genetic structure of the above-mentioned genes in animals of French and Belgian breeds and their crossbreeds. No RYR1 gene polymorphism was detected. All experimental animals had the homozygous NN genotype. According to the genetic structure of the LEP gene, a significant difference has been established between animals of different origins. Animals of French breeding had a high frequency of the TT genotype, while in animals of other origins, this genotype did not occur at all. Accordingly, French breeding animals are characterized by a high frequency of the T allele and Belgian and crossbred animals are characterized by the A allele. In French breeding animals, there is a violation of the distribution of genotypes, according to Hardy-Weinberg. Obtaining animals of the desired genotypes among the experimental herd is possible due to the use of breeders with the appropriate genotypes for the studied genes.

Silages represents the principal component of the diet of high-producing dairy cows. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing literature on the impact of silage quality on the feed intake, performance, and health of dairy cows. The review described the impact of the nutritional quality of silages and fermentation products on dairy cow performance, including the implementation of preventive practices to avoid the undesirable fermentation process. The following section focused on the prevalence of pathogens that present a risk to animals and humans. A summary was provided of the most recent findings on the occurrence of Clostridium spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillus spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in silage. The final section of the review addressed the most recent findings on the prevalence of undesirable metabolites, such as mycotoxins and biogenic amines, in silage. The mycotoxin section concentrated on the adverse health effects of elevated mycotoxin concentrations in dairy cow feed rations.

This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition and antifungal activity of Moroccan medicinal and aromatic plant Rosmarinus officinalis. The essential oil (EO) were isolated by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger type apparatus and their chemical composition was identified by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Monoterpenes were the major class of compounds with an abundance of 1,8-cineole (46.3%), camphene (13.4%) and α-pinene (9.5%), borneol (6,5%), camphor (4.8%) and terpinene-4- (3.6%). The antifungal activity of Rosmarinus officinalis against Fusarium oxysporum, F. culmorum, F. poae and Helmintosporium sativum pathogenic fungi revealed a significant inhibitory effect. The minimum inhibitory concentration as well as the fungicidal/fungistatic profile indicated that the essential oil of R. officinalis is very active allowing inhibition at the highest concentration and the fungal strains were therefore very sensitive. Obtained results suggested that R. Officinalis essential oil might be a potential treatment for biocontrol of plant diseases.

The study was the aim to estimate breeding value and heritability for calving score using a threshold model for population from Limousine breed. Data consisted of records of 2,432 calves of Limousine breed from Romanian Breeding Association for beef cattle. The mean for calving score was 1.134 ± 0.007. The breeding values for calving score for calves were between -0.2375 and 0.5354 at the first iteration and at six iterations the breeding values for calving scores for calves ranged between -0.1832 and 0.4880 The heritability for calving score was 0.141 in population of Limousine breed. The threshold model was adequate due to better accounting for total variability for calving score.

A study of polymorphism of individual genes of milk proteins (kappa-casein and beta- casein) was carried out on the population of cows of the ukrainian brown dairy breed and the sumy interbreed type of the ukrainian black and white dairy breed. Animals of the ukrainian brown dairy breed prevailed in terms of BB genotypes, both for the kappa-casein and genotypes А2А2 for beta-casein genes. According to the complex genotypes of kappa-casein and beta-casein, a difference was established between the animals of the studied breeds. In animals of the ukrainian brown dairy breed a higher frequency is characteristic of the complex genotype A2A2/BB (0.32), and in cows of the sumy interbreed type of the ukrainian black and white dairy breed – A2A2/AA (0.24) and A1A2/AA (0.24).

Diarrhea is a common problem on dairy farms, which in turn leads to reduced development of dairy calves. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of colostrum period quality on the health status and development of dairy calves during the first fifteen days of life. The study was carried out under the conditions of 1. zemědělská a. s. Chorušice. 30 calves were included in the study. After birth, female Holstein cattle were randomly divided into three groups with different feeding management practices. During the entire monitoring period, zootechnical parameters were recorded and health status was evaluated. Twelve samples of different colostrum were taken. These samples were subjected to microbiological analysis and the presumed causative agents of diarrheal diseases were identified on the farm. The results showed the influence of colostrum period management on calf development. The relationship between microbiology and length of colostrum intake in calves was investigated. With the right approach to the colostrum period, we can raise healthy and prosperous calves.