The research is aimed at singling out the Iranian language heritage in the toponymy of the Dnieper and the Bug regions.In particular, it dwells upon the reconstruction of the Sarmatian-Alanian lexical stratum, whose existence does not run counter to the data of the history and archaeology of the areas under investigation.The research has resulted in the reconstruction of 20 lexemes supposed to be affiliated with the vocabulary of Sarmatian and Alanian.Such a conclusion is substantiated by the etymology of the reviewed toponyms, explained due to the vocabulary of the Ossetian language.The latter, in its turn, being the only surviving descendant of the Alanian language, has inherited the typical features of the Sarmatian and Alanian dialects on one side, and the old Eastern Iranian dialects closely related to the dialects of the Alans and Sarmatians, on the other side.A strong argument in favour of the Sarmato-Alanian origin of the reconstructed lexical fund is grounded by a range of exclusive whole-lexical Alanian-Ossetian parallels.Lexical reconstruction is confirmed with certain phonetic and morphological peculiarities inherent only in the structure of the assumed Alanian prototypes and the words from the Ossetian language.The parallels in the reconstructed Sarmato-Alanian vocabulary and the vocabulary of the other Iranian languages are also described.

Straipsnyje aprašomu tyrimu siekiama nustatyti svarbiausius pagrindinio tono ir intensyvumo ypatumus modalinėse frazėse: koks pagrindinis tonas ir intensyvumas būdingas modalinėms frazėms, ar modaliniai žymikliai išsiskiria pagrindiniu tonu ir intensyvumu, ar šie požymiai gali signalizuoti skirtingo laipsnio tikrumą modalinėse frazėse. Tyrimo medžiagą sudaro 17 sakinių su leksiniais modalumo žymikliais, sakinys, kuriame modalumas reiškiamas fonetiškai ir modalumo požiūriu neutralus sakinys. Šie sakiniai įskaityti po tris kartus. Pasirinkti tirti akustiniai parametrai (pagrindinio tono ir intensyvumo vidurkis, minimumas, maksimumas) nustatyti garsų analinės programa „Praat“. Iš viso analizuoti 57 įrašai. Tyrime taikomi eksperimentinis, instrumentinis garsų analizės ir aprašomasis metodai. Rezultatai rodo, kad neužtikrintumą imituojančios frazės pagrindinio tono parametrai yra šiek tiek aukštesni, o intensyvumo mažesni nei tokios pačios struktūros neutralios frazės. Modalinės frazės su modaliniais žymikliais linkusios būti aukštesnio pagrindinio tono ir didesnio intensyvumo nei neutrali frazė, bet rezultatai nevienareikšmiai. Modaliniai žodžiai pasižymi aukštesniu pagrindiniu tonu ir didesniu intensyvumu nei likusi frazės dalis. Taigi jie pabrėžiami ir taip akcentuojamas frazės modalumas. Didesnį ar mažesnį užtikrintumą žyminčios frazės tariamos intensyviau ir žemesniu pagrindiniu tonu nei abejonę reiškiančios frazės

Der Artikel bietet eine vergleichende linguokulturelle Analyse von Ethnonymen sowie Choronymen, Lexika und Wortkombinationen mit verwandten Elementen der ukrainischen und litauischen Sprache sowie von Fakten zu anderen, vor allem benachbarten Sprachen des europäischen Sprachraums, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Etymologie, die sowohl gemeinsame indoeuropäische (vor allem baltoslawische) Merkmale als auch historische Unterschiede belegt. Die Studie untersucht auch semantische Veränderungen, wie den Bedeutungstransfer ethnischer Namen, neue Bedeutungen weiblicher Wortformen und Diminutive sowie andere Ableitungen. Die behandelten Themen umfassen neben Ethnizität auch Alltagsrealität, Natur und mehr. Es werden Phrasen und bildliche Ausdrücke vorgestellt, von denen ein erheblicher Teil zu interlingualen Universalien gehört: verschiedene (auch terminologische) Bezeichnungen aus Bereichen wie Wissenschaft, Medizin, Sport, Haushaltsgeräten und -utensilien, Werkzeugen und Instrumenten, Substanzen und Materialien sowie Lebensmitteln. Phraseologien mit ethnonymischen Komponenten werden ebenfalls berücksichtigt.Отправить отзывБоковые панелиИсторияСохраненные

The article provides a description of the Sownik pojciowy jzyka staropolskiego (Conceptual Dictionary of the Old Polish Language), available online (hereinafter also referred to as SPJS).It was edited at the Institute of the Polish Language of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Krakw in the years 2011-2015 based on the printed eleven-volume Sownik staropolski (Dictionary of Old Polish) (hereinafter also referred to as SStp).It is a database for conducting onomasiological and other research on the oldest Polish vocabulary recorded from the 12 th century to the beginning of the 16 th century.The article also presents the results of the onomasiological analysis of continuous and discontinuous medieval lexical units representing the concept of SEN//DREAM, SLEEP in SPJS.It is one of 231 concepts of the SPJS conceptual structure.Within this concept, there are 19 discontinuous auto-semantic units and 86 continuous auto-semantic units.The conducted onomasiological analysis shows that they belong to 10 separate zones of the semantic field, each of which is complementary to the others.Most of the analysed words have survived to modern times in unchanged meanings, some of them are archaisms, and the rest are competence homonyms.

viausi XVIII a. lietuvi ratijos krj, himnodiniam palikimui, tiksliau -jo giesmi recepcijai Prsijos Lietuvos oficialiuosiuose banytiniuose evangelik liuteron giesmynuose nuo XVIII a. ketvirtojo deimtmeio iki XX a. vidurio.Pasitelkus ms dienas pasiekusius pirminius altinius, Ruigio iverstos bei sukurtos giesms, kurios pirm kart buvo paskelbtos Jono Berento giesmyne I naujo prweizdtos ir pagrintos Giesm-Knygos (Karaliauius

This study investigates the use of metaphorical language in the second single by 25ji Nightcord de, focusing on the identification and analysis of different metaphor types and their expressions.Through qualitative descriptive analysis employing listening and recording techniques, combined with a referential pairing method, the study reveals three distinct categories of metaphors.The findings demonstrate a predominant use of abstracting metaphors (18 instances), followed by anthropomorphic metaphors (3 instances), and synesthetic metaphors (1 instance).Analysis of these 22 metaphorical expressions reveals diverse semantic interpretations that contribute to the song's artistic and emotional depth.The prevalence of abstracting metaphors suggests a tendency toward conceptual abstraction in contemporary songwriting.Future research could explore the evolution of metaphorical Evolution of Abstracting Metaphors in Modern Japanese J-pop Lyrics: Analysis of Linguistic Devices patterns across multiple singles or compare metaphorical usage across different musical genres within similar linguistic contexts.