Myocardial infarction (MI) at ≤45 years is rising in India and presents earlier than in Western populations. Non-atherosclerotic mechanisms coronary vasospasm, spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), and myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), are proportionally common, increasing diagnostic complexity. This study undertook a narrative review (January 2000–January 2025) across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and trial registries, using dual screening and synthesis with India-focused weighting. Young-onset MI constitutes a notable share of acute coronary syndromes beyond metros; men predominate; women often present later and atypically. Risk clusters tobacco (smoked and smokeless), dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, central adiposity, hypertension, and physical inactivity are amplified by pollution, psychosocial stress, and poor sleep. Elevated lipoprotein(a) and under-recognised familial hypercholesterolaemia impart lifelong exposure. Mechanisms range from accelerated atherothrombosis to vasospasm/SCAD/MINOCA; OCT/IVUS and cardiac MRI refine attribution. Emphasise complete tobacco cessation; intensive lipid and blood-pressure control; diabetes care; physical activity and weight targets; and incorporation of South-Asian risk enhancers in risk assessment. Use coronary artery calcium (CAC) to reclassify borderline/intermediate risk when decisions are uncertain. Routine low-dose aspirin for primary prevention is not recommended; reserve for carefully selected adults after shared decision-making, and reassess bleeding risk within any polypill strategy. Systems: Strengthen registries; include women and rural populations; scale cardiac rehabilitation; and deliver India-specific trials (CAC-guided aspirin, Lp(a) pathways, and familial-hypercholesterolaemia screening). Young-onset MI in India is preventable and diagnosable earlier with timely, mechanism-guided pathways and context-fit prevention. Keywords: Young-onset myocardial infarction; India; Lipoprotein(a); MINOCA; Coronary artery calcium.

Background: In this study, we aim to measure the radius's various morphometric properties its length, breadth, diameters, and indices to see how these traits differ between the sexes and to find statistically significant differences between the two sets of measurements. Material and Methods: The purpose of this research was to examine the morphometric and morphological features of adult Central Indian population dry radius bones. Most of the talk revolved around sexual dimorphism and side-by-side disparities. Fifty adult human dry radii bones were retrieved from the archaeological collection at Indore's Index Medical College & Research Center. Included in the collection were bones that retained all of their original structure and had complete anatomical identification. While using a digital Vernier caliper to measure typical morphometric parameters, we looked at the mean value to see how much variation there was between the observers. Results: The right side consistently exhibits marginally higher values in both sexes, suggesting a trend toward dominant-side enhancement. There is a statistically significant difference was noted between both the genders in all the radius measured parameters including Maximum Length of Radius (243.65 vs. 223.6), Head Diameter of Radius (23.1 vs. 21.2), Neck Circumference of Radius (37.8 vs. 35), Midshaft Diameter (9.7 vs. 8.9), and Distance from Head to Bicipital Tuberosity (29.3 vs. 27.6). Conclusion: The results show that there is a lot of sexual dimorphism in adult Indian radii, with men having much greater values than females. The results show that when applied to real-life scenarios, anatomical studies need to account for differences that are specific to both sexes and sides. Keywords: Radius; maximum length; head diameter; neck circumference; midshaft diameter; distal end breadth.

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to neuro-psychiatry drugs are frequent and add to patient suffering in terms of health and cost. These ADRs often overlap with the clinical picture, necessitating differentiation of disease symptoms and ADRs. Moreover, with the recent development of newer drugs, the pattern of ADRs has continuously evolved, making their monitoring and reporting vital. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, observational study including both outpatients and inpatients reporting ADRs to neuropsychiatric drugs in a tertiary care hospital in northern India over a 3-month period. ADR characteristics such as seriousness, outcomes, severity and causality were noted. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results. Results: Out of the 124 ADRs reported by 102 patients, 98 (96%) were outpatients, 60 (59%) were males, and 44 (43%) were aged 29–39 years. Slightly more than half (56%) of the patients were taking 1-2 drugs. The majority (89, 87%) reported a single ADR. Most ADRs (118 (95%)) were type A. Epilepsy was the most common neurological diagnosis (13 (45%)), whereas depression (31 (42%) predominated in psychiatry. The most common ADR for neurology drugs was sleepiness (9, 26%), whereas dizziness (16, 18%) was common in psychiatry. In neurology, phenytoin and sodium valproate (4 (14% each) were the main culprits, whereas paroxetine (13 (18%) was the offending agent in psychiatry. Most of the ADRs observed during the study were nonserious [114 (92%)], and almost half of the patients recovered 63 (51%). Most ADRs (86 (69%) were of moderate severity and their causality was probable (89 (72%). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that ADRs are quite common in patients receiving neuro-psychiatry medications. Young people of the male gender have a higher ADR reporting rate. Most of the reported ADRs were Type A. Anti-epileptics and anti-psychotics were the main neuro-psychiatric medications implicated in causing ADRS, even though most of the ADRSs had recovered and were not serious. The current study adds to the knowledge database, highlighting a varying pattern of presentation of ADRs. However, further research involving targeted pharmacovigilance activity or active surveillance could strengthen the database. Keywords: Adverse Drug Reactions, Neuropsychiatry, Patients.

Background: Hematological abnormalities are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and are influenced by disease stage, opportunistic infections, and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Assessment of hematological parameters offers valuable insights for clinical management and prognosis, particularly in resource-limited settings. Material and Methods: This prospective, longitudinal study was conducted over 18 months at a tertiary care centre, enrolling 100 newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients before ART initiation. Patients already on ART, pregnant women, and those with malignancy were excluded. Baseline evaluations included hemoglobin, blood indices, total and differential leukocyte counts, platelet count, and CD4+ cell count. The same parameters were reassessed after six months of ART. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical tests, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: The cohort comprised 64% males and 36% females, with the largest age group being 30–39 years (37%). Most participants were married (77%) and had only primary (46%) or secondary (33%) education. Common occupations included non-agricultural labour (22%), housework (21%), and private employment (20%). After six months of ART, significant improvements were observed in hemoglobin (11.59 ± 2.44 to 12.43 ± 1.90 g/dL; p < 0.0001), mean corpuscular volume (84.15 ± 11.78 to 91.08 ± 11.10 fL; p < 0.0001), absolute lymphocyte count (p = 0.0028), platelet count (p = 0.0084), and CD4+ count (323.8 ± 254.02 to 465.02 ± 259.15 cells/mm³; p < 0.0001). Absolute monocyte count showed a significant decline (p = 0.0163). Total leukocyte, neutrophil, and eosinophil counts remained statistically unchanged. Conclusion: Hematological abnormalities are frequent in HIV infection at diagnosis. ART leads to significant improvements in several hematological parameters, particularly hemoglobin levels, lymphocyte count, platelet count, and CD4+ levels, underscoring its role in immune restoration. Keywords: HIV, hematological profile, anemia, CD4 count, antiretroviral therapy.