Interest in coronavirus disease 2019 in the world of science is constant.Pathogenesis is the subject of many studies, and coagulopathy occupies an important place in research.In our study, blood samples were collected from 131 patients treated for SARS-CoV-2 infection in University Clinical Center Kragujevac.Blood was sampled on the day of admission, and the disease course was monitored.We concluded that our participants do not meet the criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).We showed the statistical significance of platelet count, prothrombin time value and DIC score concerning the form and outcome of the disease.Patients with a critical form of the disease, as well as those who died, had significantly lower values of the number of platelets and significantly higher values of the DIC score.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in drug development, clinical trials, and clinical practice represents a transformative advancement in healthcare.AI technologies offer unprecedented capabilities to analyze vast datasets, identify patterns, and generate actionable insights, thereby revolutionizing various aspects of the healthcare ecosystem.This review aims to offer a thorough overview of current research on AI applications in healthcare.In drug development, AI-driven approaches rationalize the process of identifying potential therapeutic compounds, accelerating the route from discovery to market approval.Within clinical trials, AI-powered analytics optimize trial design, reduce sample size, patient recruitment, and data analysis, increasing statistical power and efficiency.Moreover, in clinical practice AI applications empower healthcare providers with decision support systems, personalized treatment recommendations, and predictive analytics, leading to more effective and personalized patient care.While challenges such as ethical considerations and regulatory frameworks remain, the potential benefits of AI in driving medical innovation and improving patient outcomes are substantial, underlining the importance of continued research, collaboration, and responsible application of AI in healthcare.

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that affects every hundredth person in the population over the age of 60.In addition to the well-known motor signs of the disease (bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor), in the later stages, there is the development of cognitive disorders and the manifestation of the full clinical picture of dementia.An important prerequisite for adequate cognitive functioning is preserved attention.Early recognition of cognitive disorders is very important, not only for medical reasons but also for possible social problems.The aim of the work was to determine the diagnostic significance of cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) for the detection of attention disorders in different stages of Parkinson's disease.Using the neurophysiological method of cognitive ERPs, 45 patients of both sexes suffering from idiopathic Parkinson's disease, aged from 55 to 76 years, were examined.Although all registered latencies in our study were within physiological values, there is a statistically significant difference in the mean latency values of the N2 and P3 waves between control subjects and Parkinsonian patients.Regardless of the fact that Parkinsonian patients do not have clear clinical signs of dementia, their conscious recognition of the resulting change in a series of stimuli takes longer compared to healthy subjects of the control group.Based on the results obtained so far, it can be concluded that the mentioned components of ERPs, especially the P3 wave, can be a useful diagnostic tool in the validation of cognitive disorders in non-demented Parkinsonian patients.

Cancer patients can develop paraneoplastic neuropathy, which cannot be explained by tumors, metastases, infections, or side effects of cancer treatment.We present a case of a 38-year-old patient of male gender with weight loss, night sweats, and weakness.He exhibited sensory loss, paresthesias, and allodynia in both lower extremities.White blood cells were 20 x 10 9 /L, and C-reactive protein was 40 mg/L.Viral markers indicated no signs of an active infection.Ultrasonography showed several peripheral lymph nodes with reduced echogenicity.Lung computed tomography detected aggregated lymph nodes in jugular regions and mediastinum.The physical examination revealed swollen lymph nodes in the right supraclavicular region.Brain and spinal magnetic resonance were normal.Cerebrospinal fluid cytology ruled out infectious and malignant involvement.Nerve conduction studies revealed decreased amplitude in the lower extremities, with the inability to elicit sensory and motor responses.Nerve conduction studies revealed decreased amplitude in the lower extremities, with the inability to elicit sensory and motor responses and diminished F response.The patient had symmetrical, ascending neuropathy with absent deep tendon reflexes, indicating sensory-motor polyneuropathy.The biopsy of the lymph node confirmed mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma.The patient started on a chemotherapy regimen including doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine.Intravenous immunoglobulins were administered.Partial improvement was noted, with prolonged physical therapy.When neurological symptoms are associated with a tumor or positive onconeural antibodies, paraneoplastic neuropathy can be diagnosed.Timely recognition is crucial since any delay in treatment can be detrimental.

Minimally invasive treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) has gained popularity in recent decades for numerous advantages of the procedure itself: easy to perform, short inpatient care time compared to open techniques, a rare occurrence of serious complications, and short duration of stay in hospital.There are two groups of injectable tissue augmentation agents: biodegradable and non-biodegradable.Vantris is a combination of two groups.The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of Vantris as an option in the minimally invasive treatment of VUR.We conducted a prospective study for a period of five years (2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019).A total of 24 patients, or 39 renal reflux units (RRJ) were treated with Vantris .Reflux was unilateral in 9 patients (37.5%), and bilateral in 15 patients (62.5%).Reflux grade was V in two ureters (5.12%), IV in 6 ureters (15.38%),III in 22 (56.42%),II in three (7.69%) and I in 6 (15.38%).Median follow-up was 12 months and included urinalysis, urinary tract ultrasound, and voiding cystoureterography at one year.Reflux was eliminated in 36 ureters (92.31%).Two patients developed ureterovesical junction obstruction, while one patient required another injection treatment.Vantris can be used to treat VUR successfully and with a low percentage of complications.The application is simple, the rate of complications is reduced to a minimum, and therefore it could become the treatment of choice for the treatment of VUR.

Peripheral arterial disease is one of the manifestations of atherosclerosis that manifests itself primarily in the peripheral arteries of the lower extremities and the aortoiliac segment.The largest number of patients, about 90%, have functional ischemia (Stage IIa and IIb according to Fontaine).For these patients, the therapy of choice is medication consisting of a combination of acetylsalicylic acid, cilostazol and pentoxifylline.Smoking is a very significant risk factor for the development of peripheral arterial disease and is also one of the most significant outcome modifiers.The study included 82 patients diagnosed with functional ischaemia of the lower extremities treated at the Clinic of Vascular Surgery of the Clinical Center in Ni, starting from January 2020 to December 31, 2020.Smoking was present in 76.82% of respondents.In the research conducted, 48.78% of respondents used pentoxifylline + acetylsalicylic acid, while 51.22% of respondents were treated with cilostazol + acetylsalicylic acid.Results showed the extension of the claudication distance after 6 months was significantly greater in the group of patients who used cilostazol + acetylsalicylic acid.In a subgroup of patients smoking > 20 cigars daily and with > 20 years of smoking there was a significant increase in claudication distance after 6 months in the cilostazol + acetylsalicylic acid group compared to pentoxifylline + acetylsalicylic acid group.In conclusion, the number of cigarettes/day and length of smoking experience have a significant effect on the applied therapeutic modality in patients with peripheral arterial disease.Cilostazol + acetylsalicylic acid therapy was more effective than pentoxifylline + acetylsalicylic acid.

Bleeding Assessment Tools (BATs) are bleeding scoring systems used for screening and quantitative assessment of mild bleeding disorders. They consist of a standardized questionnaire and a scoring system that is used for the summation of the final score. In this review article, we have presented BATs that are applied in the area of hematology.

Chemical factors that determine the erosive potential of food and beverages include pH value, mineral content, buffer properties (titratable acidity and buffer capacity), etc.The goal was to determine the pH and titratable acidity (TA) in fourteen commercially available beverages.Five carbonated soft drinks (among them two energy), two sports drinks, two fruit juices, two teas and three alcoholic drinks were evaluated.The initial pH was measured using a pH meter, and TA was determined by titration with NaOH.The pH and TA data were recorded as mean values of triplicate measurements standard deviation.The pH values ranged from 2.51 (Guarana No Sleep) to 6.64 (green tea), and TA ranged from 0.54 ml (Coca-Cola) to 4.28 ml (orange juice) of NaOH to reach pH 5.5, and 1.08 ml (chokeberry juice) to 5.83 ml (orange juice) to reach pH 7.0.Literature data suggest that unsaturated substances with low pH and high TA have a high erosive potential.Drinks such as Guarana No sleep, Schweppes Bitter Lemon, Coca Cola and Sprite were found to have a pH below 3.0 and can be extremely erosive (Guarana have the highest TA) if consumed frequently, and with the habit of holding in the mouth.Also, regular and large consumption of drinks with a high TA (orange juice and Red Bull) could increase the risk of dental erosion, regardless of their pH above 3.0.