Bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH) is a chronic disease caused by ingestion of Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Thomson. This disease has great importance because it affects the animal wellbeing, causes economic losses, and hinders public health due to the toxic principle that is present in the milk of cows that ingest this plant. Early diagnosis assists in the decision making for disposal and replacement of animals in endemic regions. Despite ultrasonography is a useful tool for diagnosis of this disease, there is a lack of studies evaluating BEH in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, using ultrasound and epidemiological data and clinical signs; however, the histopathological examination is the method that provides the definitive diagnosis. The objective of this study was to describe the occurrence of BEH in the state of Tocantins and evaluate the efficiency of bladder ultrasound examination for diagnosis and prognosis of BEH. Ten animals that presented intermittent hematuria and hypo-colored mucous membranes were subjected to clinical and complementary exams. The urine physical analysis presented light red color, high turbidity, and positive sedimentation. The ultrasonography showed a thick, irregular mass in the bladder wall, containing an echogenic liquid of high cellularity and pedunculated papillary lesions. Macro and microscopic analyses of the animals’ bladders showed areas with vascular proliferation in the sub-mucous membranes associated with mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate and proliferation of the epithelium. Ultrasonography is an excellent option and, combined with clinical and laboratory exams of blood and urine, enables the diagnosis and prognosis of BEH.

Urinary tract infections are commonly diagnosed in dogs, accounting for 2 to 3% of cases in the clinical routine, as cystitis being the most reported condition. Dogs of all ages and breeds can be affected, and early diagnosis is an important tool for therapeutic success. Urine culture and antibiogram are gold-standard tests for the diagnosis of bacterial cystitis, allowing correct therapy and better recovery of the patient, since currently there is great resistance to antimicrobials used in the veterinary clinics. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the main etiological agents isolated in dog urine cultures, as well as the resistance and sensitivity profile of the isolated agents in relation to antibiotics, in order to assist the clinician ́s choice of the most appropriate antimicrobial, aiming at the patient’s therapeutic success. For this study, a retrospective study was performed of 49 samples of urine cultures of male and female dogs, collected between 2012 and 2021, which were positive for bacterial growth. From this analysis, it was observed that Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were the most isolated agents, presenting higher antimicrobial resistance to cephalexin, sulfadiazine plus trimethoprim, ampicillin, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively.

Tick-borne blood cell pathogens, which are challenging to diagnose, are primarily detected using molecular techniques. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the main infectious agents involved in 50 cases of suspected hemoparasitosis in dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital Mário Dias Teixeira of the Federal Rural University of the Amazon. Hematological parameters were evaluated, and blood samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for DNA amplification of the following species: Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, and Babesia canis. The PCR test results indicated that the most prevalent infectious agent was E. canis, present in 12% (6/50) infected animals, followed by A. platys and B. canis, present in 8% (4/50) and 2% (1/50) infected animals, respectively. Regarding hematological analysis, the most relevant changes were anemia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and leukopenia. The availability of molecular techniques allows the management of the most appropriate treatment to infected animals in a rapid and specific way.

The occurrence of neoplasms in birds is still unknown, with the literature based mainly on scarce reports, in this context, data about epidemiology in specific species are almost nonexistent. Sarcomas are malignant mesenchymal origin neoplasms, which can develop from different tissues, such as adipose, cartilage, bone, among others. The occurrence of sarcomas in birds has been previously described, with different therapeutic approaches. The present report describes the clinical approach in a blue-fronted amazon (Amazona aestiva) diagnosed with a soft tissue sarcoma in the dorsal cervical region, with surgical excision associated with a metronomic chemotherapy protocol as an adjuvant. The therapeutic combination proved to be effective in controlling the disease, guaranteeing important survival, with clinical absence of side effects.

Weaning is a development stage that brings maternal independence, change of management and feeding, leading to immune deficit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hematological and biochemical parameters of foals in weaning phase after intravenous administration of hyperimmune plasma (1 mL/Kg) in low dose. Ten foal weaned from the Mangalarga Machador breed were used, being divided in control (GC; n=5) and treated group (GT; n=5). The results obtained show that hematological and biochemical parameters of foals that received low doses of hyperimmune plasma were within the reference range for the equine species.

The objective of this study was to evaluate serum hematological and biochemical changes in obese young dogs clinically healthy. Twenty-six animals were selected, which were separated into two groups: thirteen with normal weight and thirteen with obesity. Exclusion criteria were used for the selection of groups, age between one and eight years, physical evaluation, blood count, and a questionnaire to investigate pre-existing pathologies (diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism, hepatic and/or renal insufficiency, congenital or acquired heart disease, locomotor problems, inflammatory and/or infectious diseases or physiological conditions such as pregnancy or lactation). 5-mL blood samples were collected from each patient by puncture of the cephalic vein in the morning after a feeding restriction of 10 hours. Hematocrit, total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, total leukocyte count, leukocyte differential count and serum albumin, total protein, globulins, ALT, ALP, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, glucose, and insulin were assessed. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in the hematological assessments. Among the biochemical tests, there were significant differences in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and glucose (p ≤ 0.05).

The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of veterinary care on milk production and quality variables in rural properties of Goiás. The objective was also to verify the farmers' knowledge on antimicrobials. A total of 132 farms were visited in the state of Goiás, where interviews were carried out in order to characterize the farm, the influence of veterinary assistance on productive and sanitary aspects, and the way antimicrobials were used. Pearson's chi-square test (χ2) was used to verify the dependency or independence of variables. It was verified that 55.3% of the farms had dairy production below 250 L per day. However, 60.2% of the total milk produced on the 132 farms visited came from only 15 farms (11.4%), with production above 1,000 L per day. Veterinary assistance was present in 56% of the farms and a significant association was identified between veterinary assistance and the variables: type of farm (p = 0.025), husbandry system (p = 0.015), number of milkings per day (p = 0.0007), daily production per cow (p = 0.0006), and antimicrobial prescription (p < 0.0001). The farmers know that milk with antimicrobial residues must be discarded; however, they do not do it properly. Farms with lower average daily production per cow showed higher use of antimicrobials on their own initiative (p = 0.02). With urgency, the expansion of technical assistance and training of farmers regarding milk production is required to prevent risks associated with public health in Goiás.