Campylobacter is one of the most common pathogens in food and is a constant concern in ensuring food safety. Poultry meat is recognized as the main source of Campylobacter species in food, and the primary production of this meat is a critical point where measures need to be taken to reduce its presence in the food chain. Therefore, poultry slaughterhouses are places where it is necessary to implement measures to control and reduce the number of Campylobacter spp. For the purpose of monitoring the presence and abundance of Campylobacter spp. in poultry slaughterhouses, in the period from 2019 to 2024, a total of 585 skin neck samples from five poultry slaughterhouses were tested. All collected samples were analyzed using a standardized microbiological method (ISO 10272-2:2018). The results showed that in Montenegrin poultry slaughterhouses, the prevalence of Campylobacter species in the observed five-year period was 42%. For a total of 339 samples, test results for the number of Campylobacter spp. in the sample were <100 cfu/g (58%). In 53 samples of chicken neck skin, the number of Campylobacter spp. was from 100 to 1000 (9%), while 193 samples contained more than 1000 cfu/g Campylobacter spp. (33%). This study suggests that slaughterhouses need to ensure greater hygiene on the slaughter line, through equipment inspection for each slaughter step and the implementation of regular cleaning protocols. These are minimal and basic interventions that are key to reducing the risk of contamination, improving microbiological safety in poultry processing, and aligning with efforts to improve the food safety system in Montenegro. Cite this article as: Zuber Bogdanović, I., & Vučinić, S. (2026). Surveillance of campylobacter spp. in Montenegrin poultry slaughterhouses in the period from 2019 to 2024. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia, 52, 0163, doi:10.5152/actavet.2026.25163.

Backyard poultry as reservoir and vector can transmit Newcastle disease virus to commercial poultry. The present study aimed to detect the seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus among rural domestic birds in Ardabil province, northwest of Iran. In this study, a total of 940 birds’ serum samples (345, 376, and 219 in Ardabil, Namin, and Nir, respectively) were randomly collected from non-vaccinated backyard poultry aged 1–12 months from 40 villages in Ardabil province (15, 14, and 11 villages in Ardabil, Namin, and Nir, respectively). Hemagglutination inhibition test was performed on serum samples based on Office International des Epizooties (OIE) protocol to detect antibodies to Newcastle disease virus. In the hemagglutination inhibition test, 4log2 and higher were considered to be positive. In the present study, 23 (57.5%) villages out of 40 sampled villages were positive for Newcastle disease virus, which including ten (66.7%), eight (57.2%), and five (45.5%) villages in Ardabil, Namin, and Nir, respectively. Moreover, out of 940 birds sampled, 221 (23.5%) birds were found to be seropositive, with 84 (24.3%), 87 (23.2%), and 50 (22.8%) birds in Ardabil, Namin, and Nir, respectively. Among the investigated species (hens, turkeys, ducks, geese, roosters, pigeons, and others), the highest frequency of seropositives was observed in hens and roosters (p < .05). The seroprevalence in young birds was significantly higher than in adults (p < .05). Higher prevalence was in female birds than males and in summer than autumn. The findings of the current survey indicated a relatively high seroprevalence rate of Newcastle disease virus in both villages and birds, resulting in high virus circulation in the mentioned areas of rural domestic poultry, which can be a serious hazard for commercial poultry. Consequently, the implementation of appropriate prevention and control programs such as compliance biosecurity principles, routine vaccination, and continuous monitoring in rural poultry to reduce Newcastle disease virus prevalence, are essential. Cite this article as: Azizpour, A., & Amirajam, Z. (2025). Seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus among different non-vaccinated rural poultry species in Ardabil province, northwest of Iran. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia, 51, doi: 10.5152/actavet.2025.25114.

Food adulteration in the meat industry is a growing concern, often involving the substitution of high-quality meat with lower-cost alternatives such as collagen-rich tissues or undeclared poultry meat. This study evaluates the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy as a rapid, accurate, and non-destructive method for detecting collagen content and adulteration in emulsified meat products. In this work, 39 packaged samples of beef sausages and beef salami were analyzed in terms of pH, salt, moisture, protein, fat, ash, and collagen contents using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. The results revealed that 20 samples exceeded collagen content limits, while 5 samples (12.8%) contained undeclared chicken meat. Additionally, the collagen-to-meat protein ratio in 37 out of 39 samples was found to be higher than the 15% threshold specified in Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 for minced meat, suggesting that these products may have been manufactured using meat with high connective tissue content. The quantification of chicken meat was performed using a Partial Least Squares regression model, which achieved a detection error margin of 2.05–2.12%. The findings confirm that Near-Infrared Reflectance spectroscopy can effectively determine key physicochemical properties, providing reliable first predictions of meat composition. The results indicate that Near-Infrared Reflectance spectroscopy is a promising tool for improving quality control and detecting adulteration in processed meat products, offering a fast and efficient alternative to traditional analytical methods.Cite this article as: Onaran Acar, B., Cengiz, G., Tarcan, B., & Küplülü, Ö. (2025). Detection of adulterations in meat products with near-infrared reflectance spectrophotometry. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia, 51, 0108, doi: 10.5152/actavet.2025.24108.

Abstract In this study, the effects of adding different levels of chromium nanoparticles to quail feeds on growth performance and some blood and liver parameters of quails were examined. A total of 160 broiler quails were used, split into four groups (4 × 40 pieces) each with four replications (4 × 10 pieces). The experiment was designed according to a completely random design, including one control and three experimental groups: basal diet (control); basal diet +0.4 mg kg−1 Nano-Cr (40–50 nm) (NCr04); basal diet+0.8 mg kg−1 Nano-Cr (40–50 nm) (NCr-08); basal diet+ 1.2 mg kg−1 Nano-Cr (40–50 nm) (NCr-1.2). In order to determine the growth performance of quails, live weight gains, feed conversion rate, and feed consumption were determined. Oxidative stress index, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status,) and liver fat levels were determined using blood and liver samples. Weight gain was significantly higher in the Nano-Cr supplemented groups than in the control group only in the first week. The best performance of final body weight was achieved in group I (NCr-04). Feed consumption during 0–35 days was found to be lower in the Nano-Cr added groups compared to the control group (p < .05). Supplementing different levels of Nano-Cr in quails diet significantly improved feed conversion rate (p < .05). Fatty liver level was lower in group II (NCr-08) and group III (NCr-1.2) than in the control and group I (NCr-04) (p < .01). Cell infiltration was highest in group II. In conclusion, it was determined that the addition of Nano-Cr to the feed decreased feed consumption (average 7.3%), improved feed efficiency (average 8.7%), and decreased the level of liver fat (average 69.4%). Cite this article as: Önel, S. E., Alaşahan, S., Küçükgül, A., Kutlu, T., & Sungur, Ş. (2024). Effect of chrome nanoparticle on growth performance, liver tissue, and oxidative stress in Japanese quails. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia, 50(3), 166-172.

Abstract: The burgeoning population of Indonesia has led to a heightened demand for animal protein, particularly within the broiler industry. However, the commercial broiler feed tends to be costly due to its reliance on imported ingredients. Therefore, the potential utilization of Nile tilapia gills as an additional protein source for broiler feed has been explored in this study. The primary objective was to investigate how tilapia gill powder affects the histological structure of the small intestine, pectoralis muscle, and overall growth performance of broilers. For the study, a total of 200 dayold male Cobb-500 broiler chicks were utilized, employing a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications. Each replication consisted of 8-day-old chicks. Tilapia gill powder was incorporated into the basal feed at varying concentrations: Control (basal feed), tilapia gill powder 1 (0.25% tilapia gill powder/kg basal feed), tilapia gill powder 2 (0.5% tilapia gill powder/kg basal feed), tilapia gill powder 3 (1% tilapia gill powder/kg basal feed), and tilapia gill powder 4 (2% tilapia gill powder/kg basal feed). Comprehensive histological analysis and growth performance assessments were carried out. The outcomes revealed that the tilapia gill powder 4 group, administered at an optimal concentration of 2% tilapia gill powder/kg basal feed, exhibited significant enhancements in small intestine morphology, pectoralis muscle structure, and overall chicken growth performance when compared to the control group. The supplementation of tilapia gill powder at this optimal concentration (2% tilapia gill powder/ kg basal feed) showcased a favorable impact on broiler performance. Cite this article as: Saragih, H. T., Alifiah, A. R., Vikasari, O. A., Sayıdınar, A., & Sofyantoro, F. (2024). Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) gill powder as a novel feed additive for enhanced histological structure and performance in broilers. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia, 50(2), 94-102

In this study, a total of 300 honey samples were collected from different sale points in Diyarbakir, Mardin, Batman, Mus, Siirt, Bitlis, and Bingol cities in the Eastern and Southeastern Anatolian regions of Türkiye. The honey samples were analyzed for the presence of Clostridium spp., and Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F. Supernatant filtration and dilution centrifuga- tion methods were used for the detection of Clostridium botulinum spores from honeys. Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F were determined by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. Out of 300 analyzed honey samples, 59 (19.6%) were contaminated with Clostridium spp. It was found that the highest amount of Clostridium spp. contamination belonged to the honey collected from Bingol with 28.5% and the Bitlis city had at lowest 12.5% (p > .05). However, Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F were not detected in any of the samples including those confirmed as Clostridium spp. isolates by polymerase chain reaction. As a result, Clostridium spp. spo- res were determined to be at relatively low levels as none of the samples contained Clostridium botulinum spores. This situation can be considered as a result of the ongoing good production practices in the beekeeping industry in Türkiye. Cite this article as: Guran, H. S., Vural, A., & Erkan, M. E. (2023). Presence of Clostridium spp. and Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F in honey. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia, 49(2), 99-104.

Rabbit is an experimental animal that is widely used to understand the etiology, progression, and treatment strategies of diseases related to the circulatory system. The creation of disease models related to vascular system is particularly preferred in performing surgeries and invasive ex,periments for education purpose. Though rabbit’s iliac arteries and their branches are vessels mostly encountered in these procedures, yet there are limited resources on the course and distribution of arteria (a.) iliaca interna. Therefore, seven male and seven female New Zealand rabbits have been used to elucidate the detailed ramification patterns of branches from the a. iliaca interna using the latex injection method. The a. iliaca interna ramified into a. umbilicalis, a. obturatoria, a. iliolumbalis, a. glutea cranialis, a. ovarica or a. prostatica, a. glutea caudalis, a. pudenda interna, a. perinealis ventralis, and a. caudalis lateralis. The branching pattern of the a. iliaca interna showed five variations. According to the findings of the recent study, the vessels supplying the pelvic wall were not originating from the a. glutea caudalis rather both visceral and parietal divisions were branching off the a. iliaca interna. So, it can be said that among domestic mammals, a. iliaca interna of the New Zealand rabbit is similar to ruminant and sus, that is, short pudendal type branching in terms of course and divisions. Hopefully, the information obtained in this study will make a contribution to future anatomical, interventional, and surgical studies using the New Zealand rabbit. Cite this article as: Çavdır, Ö., & Turan, E. (2022). Examination of the course and branching of the arteria iliaca interna in New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.). Acta Veterinaria Eurasia, 48(3), 200-210.

Two clinically healthy crossbred heifers (age 14 and 16 months; weight 112.0 kg and 154.0 kg respectively) had cross-sucking vice. They were fasted overnight, and restrained in lateral recumbency under sedation using xylazine HCl 2%. The tongue in each animal was pulled out and anesthetised by the lingual ring block. The intralingual suture, using no. 2 braided silk, was applied following the technique described recently with “modification.” The pinhole technique was used to conceal intralingual suture instead of the four lingual surface incisions of the original technique. One heifer continued sucking due to untying of the knot and it was re-operated as previously mentioned. Follow up of both the heifers for one year revealed no recurrence of cross-sucking or complications. From this study, it is concluded that the current modification in the intralingual suture application can make it minimally-invasive, less expensive, field applicable and more acceptable to the farmers/animal owners. Cite this article as: Ur Rehman Fazili, M., Dar, A. A., Beigh, A. B., Shah, A. A., & Dar, R. A. (2022). Incisionless single intralingual suture for management of milk-sucking vice in cattle. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia, 48(3), 232-235.