Relevance. Thin gingival biotype is a significant risk factor for the development of recession, mucositis and periimplantitis, which determines the need for its correction at the stage of dental implantation. Autoplasty remains the “gold standard”, however, its application is associated with additional trauma of the donor area. In this regard, the use of allogeneic materials is a promising direction. Objective: To compare the clinical and morphological effectiveness of various types of allogeneic grafts from the Alloplant series for increasing gingival thickness in patients with a thin biotype their biotype. Materials and methods. A randomized controlled study was conducted with the participation of 160 patients divided into 8 groups. Soft tissue augmentation using allografts of types I (pericardium), II (broad fascia of the thigh), III (dura mater), and IV (testicular tunica albuginea) was performed simultaneously with the implant installation in patients of the main group (n = 80). The comparison groups included patients with autoplasty (palate, maxillary tubercle, n = 40), xenoplasty (Bio-Gide®, n = 20), and a control group without augmentation (n = 20). The gingival thickness assessment and morphological examination of biopsies were performed after 6 months. Results. The greatest increase in gingival thickness was observed 6 months later in the groups using type I, II, and III allografts (up to 2.34 ±0.09 mm, 2.16 ±0.08 mm, and 2.10 ±0.08 mm, respectively), which significantly exceeded the results in the autograft (~1.6 mm), xenograft (1.72 ±0.81 mm), and control groups (1.57 ±0.61 mm). The lowest efficiency was observed in type IV allografts (1.81 ±0.74 mm). Morphologically, when using type I–III allografts, a mature, well-vascularized connective tissue regenerate was formed without signs of inflammation, corresponding to the "thick" phenotype. When using type IV allografts and in the control group, a "thin" phenotype was formed. Conclusion. Alloplant allografts based on pericardium, broad fascia of the thigh and dura mater are a highly effective alternative to autogenous grafts for increasing the biotype of the gingiva, providing predictable formation of a “thick” phenotype, stability of results and minimal invasiveness.

The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to improve the regulatory framework for organizing dental care, taking into account international experience and modern requirements for the quality, safety, and efficiency of medical services. In the context of active integration of national healthcare systems and the expansion of international cooperation, the comparative study of approaches to the regulation of medical activities acquires special importance. The use of a comparative approach makes it possible to identify patterns in the formation of legal norms, analyze the strengths and weaknesses of different management models, and assess their adaptability to epidemiological challenges, technological innovations, and the dynamically changing needs of the population. Materials and Methods. The study used the comparative legal method applied to the analysis of key regulatory documents governing the organization of dental care in Russia and China. The materials analyzed included Orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 786n of July 31, 2020 “On the approval of the procedure for providing medical care to the adult population for dental diseases,” and No. 83n of February 10, 2016 “On the approval of disinfection procedures,” as well as certain provisions of the sanitary rules (SanPiN). The Chinese sources included the Basic Standards for Clinics (2022), the WS/T 842-2024 Infection Management Standard, and the T/CHSA-023-2023 Guideline. This methodological approach ensured an objective assessment of the structural and functional similarities and differences between the regulatory systems. The analysis revealed differences in the degree of formalization, level of detail, and regulatory priorities. The Russian system is characterized by strict standardization and detailed staffing regulations, which ensure manageability and stability. The Chinese model focuses on infection prevention, sanitary control, and flexibility in the implementation of requirements. The obtained results make it possible to outline directions for harmonization and identify opportunities for the mutual adoption of effective regulatory practices.

This article highlights the importance of developing cross-professional competencies in students of the Faculty of Dentistry. The study involved 375 respondents—236 first-year students and 139 fifth-year students. Since 2021, we have implemented soft skills development activities: the "Leadership Trajectory" project launched in 2021 to develop the personal and team skills of students and faculty. The implementation of mentoring resulted in an increase from 42 active participants in 2021 to 167 in 2023. The "Pioneers of Hygiene" project included over 60 health lessons, 8 meetings with doctors, over 10 Olympiads, and 12 master classes. The courses "Teamwork and Leadership" (since 2021) and "Fundamentals of Project Activities" (since 2023) were introduced. Student project defenses: 11 teams (2023/24), 19 teams (2024/25), over 40 projects in development. Training for 62 faculty members in 2024. One all-Russian and two republican conferences (2023-2024) were held to exchange experiences and improve skills. To determine the trajectory of students' soft skills development and evaluate the results, we used statistics from the "Russia: Country of Opportunities" platform of the BSMU Competence Center. We noted an increase in the development of competencies: "information analysis," "planning," "following rules and procedures," "partnership/collaboration," and "following rules." A decline in the high level of development of competencies: "stress resistance" and "results orientation." Most students have an average level of basic soft skills, and this level of development tends to improve by the fifth year. When assessing additional competencies, comparing first- and fifth-year dental students, we found an increase in the high level of development of all additional competencies. However, the majority of respondents with an average level of soft skills development lose their “communication skills” by the fifth year, which requires special attention from teachers.

Objective. To systematize current data on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of periodontal tissue remodeling in response to traumatic occlusion, with a focus on key signaling pathways and promising therapeutic targets. Materials and Methods. A narrative literature review was conducted based on the analysis of publications from 2010 to 2025 in the PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary, and CyberLeninka databases. The selection criteria included original experimental and clinical studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses focusing on the pathophysiology of traumatic occlusion and related processes of mechanotransduction, bone remodeling, and impaired microcirculation. Results. The key pathogenetic factor was identified as specific pressure (force/area), rather than the absolute magnitude of the masticatory load. The tissue response is complex and phased: initial suppression of osteogenesis and metabolic imbalance are followed by the activation of osteoclastogenesis via the RANKL/RANK/OPG system, the NLRP3-IL-1β pathway, and oxidative stress mediated by the TRPM2 channel. Impaired microcirculation, ischemia, and hypoxia serve as a critical link between mechanical stress and biochemical disturbances, leading to the suppression of aerobic respiration and metabolic depression. Concurrently, compensatory and reparative processes are activated in the periodontal ligament, including the induction of heat shock proteins (HSP47, HSP70) and the remodeling of the collagen matrix involving type XII collagen. Conclusions. Traumatic occlusion is a multifactorial pathological process involving a complex cascade of molecular and cellular reactions. Effective treatment requires a comprehensive approach that combines the mandatory elimination of occlusal disorders and active anti-inflammatory therapy. Promising research directions include the development of methods targeting key molecular targets (RANKL, NLRP3, TRPM2, HSP47) and the implementation of personalized diagnostics based on biochemical markers and genetic features.

Subject. The microbial composition of the root canal contents in patients with chronic apical periodontitis was investigated, differentiated by the clinical course of the disease. Objectives. To identify and compare the microbial species composition in root canals of patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic chronic apical periodontitis, using highly sensitive molecular genetic analysis methods. Methodology. The study was conducted based on Yaroslavl State Medical University and Sodruzhestvo LLC. It was a single-center, prospective, case-control study that randomly divided patients with chronic apical periodontitis into two groups: asymptomatic (n=170) and symptomatic (n=130). Before endodontic treatment, the contents of the root canals were collected under sterile conditions using a cofferdam, an apex locator, and endocanal paper pins. DNA was isolated at an automated station and then analyzed for microorganisms using real-time polymerase chain reaction with specific reagent kits. To identify key pathogens, the detection rate of microorganisms was compared between the two groups using the Yates-adjusted χ² criterion and the exact Fisher criterion with a significance level of p < 0.05 for statistical analysis. Results. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect microorganisms, allowing for the identification of even small species. Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of the differences between groups. The results showed that symptomatic patients have a higher detection rate of highly virulent pathogens, such as E. faecalis and F. nucleatum, and their synergistic association contributes to the formation of resistant biofilms. Asymptomatic patients, on the other hand, are dominated by streptococci and form a more balanced community. Conclusion. These findings open up new possibilities for personalized endodontic treatment based on a patient's microbiological profile.

Subject: indicators of the humoral immunity link, systemic and dental dysplastic manifestations. Objectives: to study the indices of the humoral immunity link of patients with various forms of pericoronitis and connective tissue dysplasia (CTD). Methodology. The study involved 327 women who were divided into two groups: with the presence of established connective tissue dysplasia (n = 142) and without it (n = 185). The humoral immunity in the examined women (30 with CTD and chronic pericoronitis, 30 with CTD and acute pericoronitis, 30 without CTD and chronic pericoronitis) was evaluated by determining immunoglobulins, CIC, C3- and C4-components of complement by radical immunodiffusion. Interleukin-6, interleukin-10 of blood plasma were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. It was found that immunologic changes in chronic pericoronitis against CTD background were manifested by increased concentration of CIC (198.52 ± 5.98, opt. den.), IgG (14.77 ± 1.23, g/l), decreased production of IgA (2.89 ± 0.27, g/l), IL-10 (12.72 ± 0.14, pg/ml) (p < 0.05). In acute pericoronitis against CTD background, the opposite immunologic picture was noted, associated with decreased concentration of serum CIC (123.85 ± 4.12, opt. den.) and decreased production of IgA (1.42 ± 0.05, g/l), IgG (11.87 ± 0.74, g/l), IL-10 (12.88 ± 0.28, pg/ml) (p < 0.05). Analyzing the frequency of early and late complications in acute pericoronitis, lower third molars eruption disorder in the postoperative period in the compared groups, their diversity was found to be greater in the group of the examined with connective tissue dysplasia (jaw alveolitis, jaw periostitis, bleeding (bulbous), phlegmons and abscess of the mouth area). Conclusions. The revealed immunologic abnormalities in the humoral link increase the risk of purulent-septic complications in the group with connective tissue dysplasia.

Subject. Currently, in prosthetic dentistry, significant attention is being paid to digital protocols. The conventional method of fabricating dental prostheses involves using silicone impression materials to obtain a working cast – a replica that closely mimics the spatial position of implants within the jawbone. The accuracy of this cast is a critical factor influencing the outcomes of prosthetic treatment. When performing implant-supported prosthetics, clinicians employ well-documented protocols using either open-tray or closed-tray impression techniques. Numerous scientific studies have compared the accuracy of conventional impressions to that of digital impressions. However, a comparative analysis of conventional impressions made with open-tray, closed-tray techniques and digital impressions has not been found in the literature. Therefore, conducting this comparative study represents a relevant and timely research objective. Objectives. A comparative analysis of implant-level impression techniques for single implant-supported crowns with the aim of minimizing prosthetic misfit and providing clinical recommendations. Materials and methods. A reference model fabricated via additive manufacturing from an STL file acquired through an intraoral scan of the patient served as the control. Conventional impressions were made using a polyvinyl siloxane material, while digital impressions were acquired with a 3Shape TRIOS intraoral scanner. Results. The smallest deviation from the reference model in the centro-occlusal (CO) and axio-occlusal (AO) zones was observed for the digital impression technique (17.5 ± 0.7 µm and 50.8 ± 2.4 µm, respectively), followed by the open-tray technique (28.5 ± 1.9 µm and 58.0 ± 1.3 µm, respectively). The closed-tray technique demonstrated the lowest accuracy (101.8 ± 6.3 µm and 99.0 ± 1.7 µm, respectively). Regarding the medio-axial (MA) zone, the most accurate results were obtained with the closed-tray and open-tray techniques (8.5 ± 0.7 µm and 31.8 ± 0.9 µm, respectively), while the digital impression method yielded the least accurate result (63.3 ± 3.0 µm). Conclusions. In conclusion, we would like to say that for taking precise impression from a single implant, it’s recommended to use a digital protocol and digital impression. For taking a conventional silicon impression, the open-tray technique showed the best results, being more accurate in compare the closed-tray technique.

Evaluation of the clinical and economic effectiveness of digital navigation template technology is becoming particularly important due to the growing popularity of minimally invasive methods in dentistry. This technology is highly accurate, reduces surgery time, and accelerates patient recovery. In conditions of limited healthcare funding, both clinical outcomes and economic indicators must be taken into account. Analyzing the effectiveness of using this technology within budget constraints allows you to make informed decisions in the field of healthcare management and improve the quality of medical services provided. Aim. To develop and test a methodology for assessing the clinical and economic effectiveness of digital navigation template technology for evidence-based justification of the expediency of its use in dental practice. Materials and methods. To assess the clinical and economic effectiveness of digital navigation template technology, data from real clinical practice was used. Two groups of patients were compared: one group was treated using digital navigation templates, the other without them. The data was processed using statistical methods to determine the significance of the differences between the groups. Results. The results showed that digital navigation template technology demonstrates better clinical outcomes and lower economic costs compared to the traditional approach. Conclusion. The evaluation of the clinical and economic effectiveness of digital navigation templates shows their positive impact on clinical outcomes by reducing the duration of treatment procedures and increasing the capacity of clinics without increasing the number of jobs. The results obtained emphasize the usefulness of using this technology in dentistry, as it reduces the duration of treatment, increases profitability and improves the quality of medical services, providing greater comfort to patients and improving the overall standard of living of consumers.

Subject. This work discusses the types of artificial intelligence used in medicine in foreign countries and Russia, providing information on methods of filling the artificial intelligence information base. It presents statistics on errors made by doctors, particularly dentists, which can potentially be avoided by implementing and training in the use of artificial intelligence in their field. AI-based systems can be used to create simulators that help students practice skills in a safe environment. The Aim. To provide an overview of programs available on the international dental market that are built on the capabilities of artificial intelligence. To examine their significance, functionality, and the criticality of permissible errors. To analyze existing programs, their development process, and methods of AI training. Methodology. A review of modern scientific and methodological literature was conducted using scientific library databases PubMed, JCDA, and Frontiersin. A total of 30 sources published between 2019 and 2025 were reviewed. Conclusions. According to international research, the use of artificial intelligence in dental practice helps reduce errors by 5-15%, improves the accuracy of X-ray analysis to up to 100%, increases analysis speed by 6–10 times, enhances pathology detection accuracy to 72–95.67%, and improves periodontal disease classification accuracy to 82–87%. AI assists in developing personalized treatment plans, becoming a tool that shifts the dentist’s role toward data interpretation and strategic treatment planning. It facilitates early disease detection, optimizes administrative processes, and increases work efficiency. However, there is a risk of AI application without proper human oversight. Despite these benefits, AI does not eliminate errors and risks such as data leaks, cyberattacks, and unauthorized access.

Introduction. The development of adhesive dentistry has significantly transformed clinical practice, enabling high levels of bond strength between restorative materials and dental tissues. Fourth-generation adhesive systems remain especially relevant, having established themselves as a reliable standard due to their high bond strength and minimal marginal microleakage. In the context of restricted imports, there is an increasing need for objective evaluation of domestic alternatives to foreign materials. The domestic adhesive system is positioned as a competitive alternative to foreign counterparts; however, comparative data on its chemical interaction with ceramic materials remain insufficient. Therefore, studies based on Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis (EPMA) are particularly valuable for assessing the formation of interfacial bonds. Aim. A comparative study of the elemental composition in the adhesive interface zone between domestic and foreign adhesive systems with ceramic restorations using X-ray microprobe analysis (EPMA) to identify the specific features of chemical interactions at the material interface and to assess the effectiveness of adhesive bond formation. Materials and Methods. A comparative in vitro study was conducted to assess the adhesive interface of two-component fourth-generation adhesive systems produced by domestic and foreign manufacturers with lithium disilicate ceramics. The surfaces of the ceramic specimens were etched, followed by the application of an adhesive layer, polymerization, and subsequent incremental placement of a light-cured nanohybrid composite material. The microstructure of the adhesive interface zones was examined using a scanning electron microscope JSM-IT300LV (JEOL, Japan). The elemental composition and distribution of components within the adhesive interface were determined by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis (EPMA) using an X-MaxN 20 detector (Oxford Instruments). Results. The laboratory study demonstrated the high performance of the domestic adhesive system. The domestic system exhibited comparable characteristics to the foreign material, confirming reliable infiltration and adhesion to the ceramic surface. These findings indicate its potential as a competitive alternative to imported adhesive systems.