ABSTRACT. Among residents of Chernivtsi region, the main characteristics, frequency and peculiarities of the occurrence of long-term symptomatic and post-COVID-19 syndrome have not been sufficiently elucidated. The goal of the study was set: to evaluate the options for the course of the post-covid syndrome depending on age, gender, comorbidity and severity of the course of COVID-19. Material and methods. The following research methods were used: electronic questionnaire, epidemiological, clinical and anamnestic, analytical and statistical methods. The study included 214 adult patients who were infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus (the diagnosis was confirmed by PCR) and who suffered from COVID- 19 of varying degrees of severity and were randomized into two groups: the 1st group (main) included – 112 people (ratio of men/women - 56.4 % (n = 63): 47.5 % (n = 49)), comparative (102 people) – patients with a mild and moderate course of COVID-19 who were consulted and were treated on an outpatient basis (male/female ratio – 45.5 % (n = 46): 54.5 % (n = 56)). Statistical processing of the data obtained during the research was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics v26.0 program. Results. It was found that among inpatients there was a significantly significant number of patients older than 60 years old (p < 0.001), whereas among outpatients there were significantly more patients aged 18-29, which indicates a connection between the age of the respondents and the need for inpatient treatment presence of COVID-19. In the main group, the following symptoms occurred more frequently (p < 0.05): cough OR = 2.023 [CI 1.105-3.703], fever OR = 6.916 [CI 2.061-23.204], difficulty breathing (dyspnea) OR = 4.421 [2.230 -8.764]. In the comparison group, the following prevailed: loss of smell OR = 0.147 [CI 0.077-0.281], fatigue OR = 0.456 [CI 0.226-0.920], increased temperature OR=2.023 [2.061- 23.204]. With a higher frequency, such diseases as: coronary heart disease (OR = 33.088 [CI 9.444-115.930]), arterial hypertension (OR = 13.641 [CI 6.547-28.422]), diabetes (OR = 4.755 [CI 1.915-11.803]), heart failure (OR = 18.504 [CI 8.200-41.752]), obesity (OR = 4.828 [CI 2.433-9.581]). Conclusions. 1. Among the patients who received inpatient treatment, the vast majority were people over 40 years old, younger men (from 40 years old) were more likely than women (over 60). 2. In persons with a severe course of COVID-19, the frequency of symptoms of shortness of breath, cough, difficulty breathing, chest pain is more likely to be registered, and in outpatients - loss of smell and fatigue. 3. With a greater frequency, such diseases as: coronary heart disease (37.5 %), arterial hypertension (57.4 %), diabetes (21.3 %), heart failure (54,1 %), obesity (41.1 %). Smoking and alcohol abuse did not show significant reliable differences. 4. The combination of 3 pathologies (hypertension, heart failure, obesity) was most common - in 11 people (10 %).

ABSTRACT. A large number of studies have been devoted to the study of the problem of genital endometriosis, however, the etiology and mechanisms of the disease remain unresolved. Adenomyosis affects about 10% of women of reproductive age, occurs in 30% of women with pelvic pain syndrome and up to 50% of patients with female infertility. Numerous theories of the origin of endometriosis cannot explain the key points in the development of the disease, namely the penetration of the basal layer of the endometrium into the adjacent myometrium. This makes it difficult to choose an adequate treatment strategy for patients with adenomyosis. Treatment of adenomyosis is one of the most difficult issues in modern gynecology, one of the promising approaches in increasing the effectiveness of treatment of patients with adenomyosis is immunocorrective therapy. The aim of the work was to increase the effectiveness of treatment of adenomyosis patients by improving the diagnostic and prognostic tactics of patient management based on the study of pathogenetic aspects. Materials and methods. 115 patients of reproductive age were included in the study. The effectiveness of complex compared to traditional treatment was evaluated. Clinical and laboratory, instrumental and immunological indicators were evaluated in dynamics. Research results and their discussion. Taking into account the peculiarities of pathogenetic mechanisms, which indicate a violation of the cellular and macrophage links of immunity, cytokine imbalance, which contribute to the development of the disease and its persistence, we have developed a comprehensive approach to increasing the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with adenomyosis, which aims to reduce the pro-inflammatory immunological potential. Against the background of the comprehensive treatment, the activity of autoimmune reactions is reduced, the indicators of phagocytic and oxygen activity of neutrophils and monocytes are normalized, cytokine imbalance is reduced - the level of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and VEGF is normalized. Conclusions. Based on the results of the work, the approaches to the treatment of adenomyosis patients were optimized, the feasibility of using corrective drugs in complex therapy was substantiated.

ABSTRACT. EBV infection is one of the most common infections in the world. About 90 % of the world's population is infected with the Epstein-Barr virus. The Epstein-Barr virus is capable of affecting immunocompetent cells, causing lymphadenopathy, hepato- and splenomegaly, being stored forever in the body's lymphocytes, and causing an immunodeficient state. The aim of the study. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationships between the nature of the course of the disease for infectious mononucleosis (IM) in adults, the level of blood antibodies before tetanus and diphtheria, and general immunoreactivity. Materials and methods. In the first series of studies, blood antibodies was studied before diphtheria and tetanus in 79 adults. The control group consisted of 41 people. In the second series of studies, the immune status of 45 adults who became ill with IM was studied: 19 people who did not have a protective level of blood antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus (1st group) at the same time and 26 people (2nd group) who had a protective level of blood antibodies to these infections . In this work, the level of blood antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxin was studied by the ELISA method; population and subpopulation composition of blood lymphocytes using monoclonal antibodies: anti-CD3, CD4, CD8, CD22, CD16 (eBioscience, Beckman Coulter, R&D System). The proliferative activity of blood lymphocytes in the reaction of lymphocyte blast transformation was studied and the level of IgA, IgM, IgG in blood serum and the phagocytic activity of leukocytes. The results of the research were processed by the method of variation and correlation statistics using the "Statistica 10.0 for Windows" program. Results. It was established that 34.2% and 54,5 % of adults who developed MI in a moderate form did not have a protective level of blood antibodies for tetanus and diphtheria at the same time. A protective level of blood antibodies simultaneously before diphtheria and tetanus was observed in 55.2% of those who fell ill with IM in a moderate form and in 45,4 % of those who fell ill in a severe form. In persons who had a mild form of IM, the blood antibodies did not drop below the protective level before diphtheria and tetanus.The study of the immune status proved that in adults who do not have a protective level of blood antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus, the level of leukocytes, lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+ - cells and the blast-transforming ability of T cells, the level of IgA, IgM, IgG, and the phagocytic ability of blood leukocytes are probably lower than in adults who have had an IM and have the protective blood antibodies level before these infections. Conclusions. The lack of a protective level of blood antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus in adults who have had IM is associated with a general low immunoreactivity of the body. A low level of blood antibodies before diphtheria and tetanus in persons who have had IM is closely related to the course of the disease. The lowest level of blood antibodies before these infections was observed in patients who fell ill with a severe form of IM, in patients with a mild form of the disease, significant changes in the level of blood antibodies before diphtheria and tetanus were not observed, as well as in the immune status.

ABSTRACT. As a result of a cascade of immune-inflammatory reactions, the development of a chronic inflammatory process, systemic damage to the endothelium of vessels in rheumatic diseases, and in particular arthritis, are pathological conditions that are associated with the formation of a number of comorbid changes in internal organs and systems. The most significant are changes in the functioning of the cardiovascular system, with the gradual development of chronic heart failure. An informative marker of myocardial dysfunction is an increase in the level of natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Purpose. Determination of the content of NT-proBNP in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, taking into account the functional state of the myocardium. Materials and methods. 56 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis were examined (polyarthritis - 86%; oligoarthritis - 14%, 17 boys, 39 girls). The average age is 13.28 ± 0.38 years. The duration of juvenile idiopathic arthritis was from 12 to 180 months (68.96 ± 6.29 months). The control group consisted of 46 (27 boys and 19 girls) practically healthy peers of the corresponding age (14.72 ± 0.28 years). The functional state of the heart was determined, namely the parameters of the left and right ventricles: ejection fraction, stroke volume and minute blood volume. The study of NT-proBNP in the blood was carried out by the method of competitive immunoassay on the IMMULITE 2000 Siemens analyzer. The results. The study of the content of NT-proBNP in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis showed its normal levels (41.12 ± 6.86 pg/l), but in the control group they were significantly lower than in sick children (29.27 ± 5.23 pg/l , p < 0.01). No differences were found in the level of NT-proBNP depending on the gender of the patients, the variant of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and the degree of its activity. Indicators were significantly higher in children 11-14 years old (49.04 ± 10.22 pg/l, p < 0.05) and with disease duration up to five years (57.04 ± 12.37 pg/l, p < 0.05). The study of the functional state of the myocardium in sick children determined a tendency to decrease the contractile function of the myocardium of both the left and right ventricles of the heart against the background of a decrease in the stroke volume of both ventricles, as well as an acceleration of the heart rate. The mean level of NT-proBNP was significantly higher in the group of children with lower left (pt < 0.01) and right ventricles ejection fraction (pM-U < 0.01). Conclusions. The content of NT-proBNP in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis remains within normal values, but is significantly higher than in healthy peers (p < 0.01). The highest values of NT-proBNP in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis were among adolescents aged 11-14 years (p < 0.05), as well as with disease duration up to five years (p < 0.05). A decrease in the functional state of the myocardium of both ventricles of the heart in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis is accompanied by an increase in the content of NT-proBNP, which is the basis for additional examination of the functional state of the heart already in adolescence for the purpose of early prevention of complications.

Summary. Introduction The article is devoted to the achievements and prospects of the development of translational medicine at the international level, the state of development, problems and prospects in Ukraine, proposals for improving the system of innovations in health care in modern conditions of martial law. The purpose is to study the development of translational medicine and the prospects for implementing its principles in Ukraine. Materials and methods. To perform the task, an analytical review of publications in the electronic databases of medical and biological publications PubMed Medline of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was conducted. The results. The result of a systematic literature review of the state of translational medicine in Ukraine, which was carried out, is the conviction that the need to create new services and programs that ensure close cooperation between state, commercial and non-commercial organizations of our country, greater accessibility and transparency of new data for all is ripe. Researchers working in the field of broadcasts of inventions. The creation and development of databases with various information on a large number of patients opens wide opportunities for improving the quality of preclinical and clinical trials, and at the same time requires increasing their availability for researchers around the world. It is necessary to increase the use of the potential of social media and/or messengers for the introduction of modern achievements of translational medicine into the clinical practice of our country, the medical community should receive educational programs, recommendations and support infrastructure in social networks. Conclusions. In order to form an effective scientific and educational environment, it is necessary to create a national Institute of Pharmacy and Translational Medicine. It is necessary to create and implement in the educational pharmaceutical space of Ukraine an innovative educational program aimed at training specialists and research personnel of the new generation to work in various branches of the biopharmaceutical industry. It is expedient to create biological models of the use of drugs that allow testing of dose-response effects and to build pharmacokinetic models for specific environmental conditions, which will increase the predictive power of test results during its transition to the stage of clinical trials.

Summary. School-related health disorders are postural disorders and visual disturbances, and these disorders tend to increase during schooling. One of the reasons for this situation is the lack of awareness of parents about the factors that affect postural disorders, organizational measures to prevent the formation of these pathological conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the awareness of parents of school-age children about the prevention of school-related pathology. Materials and Methods. A survey of 1110 parents of primary school students (first and fifth grades) was conducted on the factors that contribute to the formation of deviations from the musculoskeletal system and visual organs, the organization of the child's workplace when doing homework, visual load. Results. 75 % of surveyed parents of first-graders and 66 % of surveyed parents of fifth-graders whose children have postural disorders agree that posture problems can lead to problems with the learning process. and its illumination. When analyzing the choice of student desks, the number of parents (28% of first-graders and 39% of fifth-graders) who would prefer desks with a flat work surface, as well as parents who are hesitant to answer this question (8 % - parents of first-graders and 26 % - parents of fifth-graders). Against the background of increasing deviations from the musculoskeletal system and visual organs among students from first to fifth grade, take place are unsatisfactory parental awareness of the time of use of gadgets according to age, the optimal distance to the work surface and its lighting, the optimal working position for desk and corrective gymnastics. Conclusions. The obtained data are the basis for the introduction of educational programs for parents and students whose goal is to develop sustainable knowledge and skills to prevent the development of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and visual organs.

The article describes the activities of the student scientific society of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, which includes an anatomical scientific group working at the Department of Human Anatomy of the Medical Faculty, as well as the purpose and objectives of student science in the study of program disciplines of higher education knowledge of the future profession of a morphologist. Describes the research activities of the department, conducting basic research in the field of scientific topics in human anatomy, morphology, surgery, ophthalmology, immunology, clinical pharmacology. The article aims to acquaint with the problems of biopsy diagnostics in a modern clinic and the possibilities of pathological anatomical laboratories in the introduction of new research methods in the practice of physicians, which include morphological studies of biopsy diagnostic, surgical material using histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, molecular biological, electron micrometric and other methods. The article shows the progress of medical technologies, which emphasize the importance of visual examinations of previously inaccessible parts of the body, emphasizes the fateful role of a pathomorphologist, who must work with drugs of impeccable quality and be absolutely sure of the reliability of the result each histochemical reaction. The article analyzes the sections of clinical disciplines in the specialty of diagnostician, which allow the pathologist to morphologically assess the narrow and complex sections of pathological anatomical diagnosis, which introduces students to the basics of pathological and anatomical services and types of morphological research in the clinic. The main purpose of the student scientific society is emphasized, which is to foster a creative approach to research, as well as to promote the development and promotion of medical science among students.

Modern treatment of burns has led to a significant reduction in mortality in patients with burns whose injuries were fatal several years ago. However, along with improved survival, new problems arose in the treatment of burn patients. Systemic inflammatory response, capillary leak, sepsis top the list of the most common problems in both adults and children with severe thermal injury. Currently, new strategies are being developed and studied in the treatment of this category of patients. One of the ways to improve the results of treatment of patients with severe burn injury is to prescribe corticosteroids, both in the stage of burn shock and in the development of septic complications. Do corticosteroids reduce mortality and improve recovery in burn patients? The discussion about this has been going on for many years, but the opinion about their effectiveness remains controversial. An analysis of the literature shows that corticosteroids can play a significant role in the treatment of patients with severe burn injury and can be successfully used at any stage of a burn disease. The effect of reducing capillary leakage, increasing myocardial contractility, antiemetic, membrane-stabilizing effect of corticosteroids will be useful in the stage of burn shock. The anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory effect of corticosteroids will play a role in any stage of a burn disease. With the aim of preventing and treating sepsis, corticosteroids may be useful in the stage of toxemia, septicotoxemia. It is also necessary to remember about adrenal insufficiency, which develops in burn patients. The article analyzes the literature, substantiates the use of corticosteroids in patients with severe burn injury in different periods of a burn disease.

The article highlights the theoretical and practical aspects of studying the development and structure of the cardiovascular system (CVS). Cardiovascular diseases are characterized by a high prevalence and mortality, so the provision of high-quality and timely cardiac care to the population is one of the important tasks of the health care system. A necessary prerequisite for understanding the essence of morphological changes in pathological processes is knowledge of the normal structure and development of CVS structures. The aim of the work was to determine the theoretical and practical aspects of studying the development and structure of CVS structures, which was performed by review of literature sources (part 1 of the article is devoted to theoretical aspects, and part 2 discusses the practical aspects). Publications on human anatomy, histology, cytology and embryology, which are traditionally used in the study of the development and structure of the human body, in particular, CVS organs, have been analyzed. The sets of illustrations of modern publications, in addition to photos of wet gross specimens, corrosion preparations and X-ray radiographs, contain angiograms, in particular, lymphangiograms and arteriograms. The use of color atlases in the study of CVS allows to remember the anatomical structure and relative position of organs, as well as details of their histological structure. It is effective to use anatomical and histological flash cards, which contain color illustrations in combination with short text that identifies the structures and contains relevant information and clinical correlations, in the process of CVS study. The illustrations include photographs of histological sections for light microscopy, electronograms, drawings of preparations, and diagrams of the microscopic structure of CVS structures. Most educational publications in the disciplines "Human Anatomy" and "Histology, Cytology and Embryology" include data on the sources and stages of embryogenesis of the heart and blood vessels. There are also special editions on human embryology with up-to-date data on CVS embryogenesis. The importance of using editions which are manuals for the practical activities of specialists in the field of cardiology and cardiac surgery is determined. All modern editions contain large collections of X-ray, computer, magnetic resonance and histological images. The resources of simulation centers are useful, in particular, touch interactive anatomical tables with special software and anatomical 3D atlases. Software programs designed for educational demonstration of various parts of human CVS under normal and pathological conditions are available for smartphones, tablet PCs and desktop computers. An important feature of virtual resources in histology is their interactivity and the ability to apply theoretical knowledge in practice. Available platforms have dynamic and rich content for the teacher to work with a large number of students simultaneously. Many of the analyzed manuals contain numerous links to external sources of information, online versions of publications, which allows to gain access all texts, links and videos from various devices. Therefore, it is important to use clinically oriented educational publications to obtain high quality theoretical training in the study of the development and structure of the heart and vessels. When developing new educational materials, it is promising to include clinical and experimental data on CVS to them.