ABSTRACT Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) offer significant advantages and wide applications. However, Zn dendrite growth and water‐induced side reactions still hinder their commercialization. Here, bis ( 2 ‐carboxyethyl) disulfide (BD), a centrosymmetric molecule featuring a dynamic covalent disulfide bond and highly electronegative carboxyl groups, serves as a multifunctional electrolyte additive. It is discovered that BD optimizes the Zn 2+ solvation structure and restructures the hydrogen‐bond network. In particular, the adsorbed layer of BD molecules at the electrode/electrolyte interface undergoes S─S bond cleavage, forming a self‐assembled molecular layer of β ‐mercaptopropionic acid. This unique self‐assembled molecular layer not only provides numerous uniform and stable deposition sites for Zn 2+ , but also constructs an H 2 O‐poor and SO 4 2− ‐repellent electric double layer (EDL), effectively suppressing H 2 O‐induced side reactions and corrosion while guiding uniform and orderly Zn 2+ deposition on the (002) plane. Consequently, Zn||Zn symmetric cells based on BD‐containing electrolyte exhibit stable stripping/plating behavior for over 4700 h at 1 mA cm −2 and 3000 h at 5 mA cm −2 . Furthermore, Zn||VO 2 full cells maintain a capacity retention of 79.5% after 5000 cycles at 5 A g −1 . This self‐assembled molecular engineering of reshaping the EDL offers a novel strategy for constructing stable and reversible Zn anodes in AZIBs.

ABSTRACT Zinc metal is an appealing anode for aqueous batteries; however, the unsatisfactory reversibility always requires excess zinc for stability compensation, constraining the practical energy density of full cells. Herein, we show Cu interface can be tuned with superior adsorption to address the reversibility challenge by simultaneously improving zincophilicity and suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). By engineering an amorphous Cu interface and modifying it with newly formed Cu clusters, the resulting smooth and amorphous Cu surface exhibits strengthened adsorption toward Zn atoms and H intermediates, which originates from an up‐shifted d‐band center. The adjustment of electronic structure favors Zn nucleation and growth while elevates the desorption barrier for continuous HER. As a result, the modified Cu substrate achieves high Coulombic efficiencies (CEs) over 99.9% at practical parameters of 1 mA cm −2 /1 mAh cm −2 (33.3% zinc reaction ratio (ZRR)) and 2 mA cm −2 /2 mAh cm −2 (66.7% ZRR) for 2540 and 1770 h, respectively. Moreover, full cells using this Cu substrate can stably operate for over 250 cycles with a high zinc utilization ratio (ZUR) of 83.3%, achieving a superior energy density of 188.3 Wh kg −1 when compared with commercial aqueous batteries.

ABSTRACT The exceptional ammonia (NH 3 ) decomposition performance of Ru‐based catalysts stems from its unique B5 site and optimized electronic properties, emphasizing “Interface Engineering” is the core strategy for its performance regulation. This work precisely modulates the geometric and electronic structures of Ru species by in situ constructing Ti vacancies in Titanium Silicalite‐1 (TS) zeolite. Characterization results revealed that construction of Ti vacancies in TS zeolite modulates the geometric configuration of Ru nanoparticles, improving its dispersion and B5 site concentration. More crucially, the construction of Ti vacancies enhances the metal‐support interactions between TS zeolite and Ru species, optimizing electron transfer between Ru and TS zeolite, tailoring the electronic structure of Ru site, and inducing the formation of more active Ru 0 –O v –Ti 3+ interface. In situ DRIFTS results demonstrate that Ru site primarily activates NH x intermediate to induce N‐H bond cleavage, and Ti 3+ site serves as a proton H* acceptor to induce Ti‐OH regeneration, collectively establishing efficient NH 3 decomposition catalytic cycle. DFT calculations further unravel the intrinsic electronic properties of Ru–O v –Ti 3+ structure and its thermodynamic predominance in each elementary step of the NH 3 decomposition. This work offers critical theoretical insights for rational design of high‐performance NH 3 decomposition catalysts.

ABSTRACT Buried interfacial imperfections between perovskite and hole‐transport layer (HTL) represent a primary origin of non‐radiative recombination and operational instability in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Incomplete self‐assembled monolayers (SAM) coverage and inferior interfacial contact produce energetic disorder, hindering charge extraction to result in substantial photovoltage loss. Here, we introduce a bifunctional post‐assembly interfacial reconstruction strategy employing 1‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) imidazole (2Hyimi) and 1,3‐diaminopropane dihydroiodide (PDADI) to simultaneously improve both energy‐level alignment for charge extraction and the wetting/nucleation environment at the HTL/perovskite interface during film formation. The amino groups in PDADI and the imidazole groups in 2Hyimi synergistically coordinate with residual and undercoordinated Pb 2+ ions, effectively passivating buried interfacial traps, enhancing hole extraction and suppressing non‐radiative recombination. Concurrently, the hydroxyl‐terminated 2Hyimi improves surface wettability, promoting uniform crystallization and preferred orientation in large‐area perovskite films. As a result, inverted PSCs achieve an efficiency of 26.46%, and perovskite solar modules with an active area of 51.50 cm 2 reach 23.33%. Under ISOS‐L‐2 conditions, the target devices retain 92.29% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h at continuous maximum‐power‐point tracking, demonstrating excellent operational stability. This work establishes cooperative dual‐molecular interfacial engineering as a scalable route to simultaneously enhance efficiency and stability in inverted perovskite photovoltaics.

ABSTRACT Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) are regarded as promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage technologies due to their high energy density and low cost yet remain challenging owing to dendritic sodium deposition, unstable electrode–electrolyte interfaces, and sluggish ion transport, particularly under fast‐charging conditions or at low operating temperatures. To address these challenges, in this study, we introduce Sn‐Zn atomic configured porous, nitrogen‐rich carbon‐based meta‐material (SA‐NCS), derived from a guanine‐based hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF), serving as sodium host material for SMBs, which provides a high density of atomic sodiophilic sites to promote the transition from one‐dimensional dendritic deposition to two‐dimensional planar‐oriented dense plating, and features programmable nano‐to‐macro functional structures capable of effectively accommodating the anodic volume fluctuation induced by sodium plating and stripping. SA‐NCS@Cu current collector exhibits an ultralow nucleation overpotential of 22 mV even at a high current density of 20 mA cm −2 and delivers exceptional cycling stability, enabling stable operation for 2000 h at 10 mA cm −2 with Coulombic efficiencies exceeding 99.9%. Moreover, the SA‐NCS @Cu current collector based anode‐less sodium metal batteries demonstrate a superior fast‐charging capability and long‐term cycling stability at −20°C. This study presents a practical design for sodium hosts, enabling high‐performance SMBs.

ABSTRACT Accurate monitoring of physiological and neural electrophysiological signals is crucial for understanding brain function and its underlying biological mechanisms. Here, we report flexible laser‐induced graphene (LIG) bioelectronics that achieve mechanical compatibility with soft tissues and enable multimodal recording across species. Through optimized fabrication and multistep surface modification, we developed bilateral LIG (BiL‐LIG) biosensors with an extended working range (up to 40% improvement compared with single‐layer LIG) and high sensitivity at high strain (gauge factor of 3.77), as well as interfacially engineered LIG (IntE‐LIG) neural electrode arrays exhibiting high signal fidelity, markedly reduced impedance (up to 98.5% reduction), and long‐term in vivo stability (maintained signal quality for up to 4 weeks). The BiL‐LIG biosensors captured subtle movements and vital physiological signals, including heart rate and respiration, in human volunteers, non‐human primates, and rodents, while the IntE‐LIG electrodes enabled stable long‐term neural recordings in vivo. Integrating these devices yielded a flexible physiological‐electrophysiological monitoring system (PEMS) validated in a mouse model of epilepsy, which simultaneously tracked heart rate and neural activity during seizures and pharmacological intervention. This work establishes a scalable platform for multimodal bioelectronic integration, providing new opportunities for precise seizure detection and for advancing research into neuropsychiatric disorders and brain function.

ABSTRACT Counterfeiting remains a persistent challenge, as existing identification technologies struggle to simultaneously achieve large‐scale deployability and intrinsic security. Macroscopic labels are straightforward to fabricate and read but are vulnerable to duplication, whereas microscopic physically unclonable functions (PUFs) offer high security at the expense of fabrication complexity and verification cost. Here, we propose a wrinkle‐assisted fluorescent hierarchical PUF strategy that integrates controllable replication with nanoscale randomness through transfer printing of self‐assembled quantum dot (QD) nano‐meshes via a surface‐engineered PDMS wrinkled stamp. Random wrinkles with rigid and hydrophilic surface shells are initially generated on PDMS via UVO‐induced bilayer buckling and subsequently subjected to post‐wrinkle surface engineering to restore a soft and low‐surface‐energy stamp, which is essential for high‐quality and durable hierarchical PUF patterns. The reproducibly transferred micro‐fingerprint patterns can be conveniently recorded using portable imaging devices for rapid verification; QD‐assembled nano‐meshes within the wrinkle ridges maintain intrinsically stochastic features arising from interfacial self‐assembly and wrinkle‐assisted transfer, and cannot be deterministically reproduced. When combined with deep learning and feature‐based comparison, this architecture supports accurate and real‐time identification with incremental scalability. This work offers a promising PUF architecture to combine scalable replication and intrinsic security in the anti‐counterfeiting field.

ABSTRACT Achieving scalable dielectric absorbers with ultra‐broadband performance remains challenging due to the intrinsic trade‐off between dielectric attenuation and impedance matching. Here, we report oxygen‐doped and vacancy‐engineered ordered mesoporous carbon (OOMC) prepared via a facile and scalable thermal oxidation strategy using commercially available polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene as the precursor. The ordered mesoporous structure enables uniform oxygen incorporation and vacancy formation, while moderate oxidation optimizes the dopant–defect balance, generating strong dipolar polarization. As a result, OOMC achieves an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of up to 6.9 GHz at 20 wt.% filler loading, significantly extending the bandwidth limit of conventional dielectric absorbers. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the synergistic coupling between oxygen dopants and vacancy defects induces localized charge redistribution and dipole polarization, enhancing dielectric attenuation at the atomic level. Integrating OOMC into a truncated‐pyramid meta‐structure further broadens the experimental EAB to 14.1 GHz with excellent angular stability. CST simulations confirm that this broadband enhancement originates from the cooperative effects of gradient impedance transition, multiple reflections, resonance coupling, and edge diffraction. This work establishes a scalable dual‐level design framework that couples atomic‐level defect–dopant engineering with structural metamaterial design, offering a pathway to break intrinsic bandwidth limitations in dielectric absorbers.

ABSTRACT Oxidative stress is a primary pathogenic driver in the formation and progression of kidney stones. Consequently, the development of nanomaterials that mitigate oxidative stress has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. However, the clinical translation of most nanomedicines remains challenging due to insufficient renal targeting and accumulation. Here, we report a near‑infrared (NIR) light–driven polydopamine@polypyrrole nanomotor functionalized with hyaluronic acid (PDA@PPy@HA, PYA) for kidney‑specific targeting and enhanced on‑demand enrichment. Upon exposure to NIR light, this nanomotor converts photothermal energy into directional propulsion, thereby enhancing its accumulation within the kidneys. In vitro, PYA nanomotor alleviates high‐oxalate‐induced oxidative stress via effective elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby mitigating cellular apoptosis. In vivo studies further confirmed that the NIR‐driven propulsion enhanced renal accumulation of the nanomotors. This active targeting strategy resulted in the upregulation of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and catalase (CAT), alongside the concurrent suppression of the ROS‐generating enzyme NOX2 and crystal‐adhesion molecules (OPN and CD44). Together, these molecular responses mitigate renal injury and reduce calcium oxalate deposition. Active nanomotors circumvent the limitations of passive biodistribution, enabling a potent platform for kidney stone therapy.