ABSTRACT Magnetic‐field–induced electronic switching has been investigated in (La 0 . 7 Sr 0 . 3 MnO 3 ) m –(BiFeO 3 ) n (LSMO‐BFO) superlattices engineered with unit‐cell precision to probe interfacial spin–charge coupling in complex oxide heterostructures. Pulsed laser deposition with RHEED‐controlled growth enabled the realization of coherently strained superlattices exhibiting atomically controlled layering and well‐defined periodicity. Systematic variation of LSMO and BFO layer thicknesses reveals that ferromagnetism is strongly suppressed in ultrathin LSMO, yet interfacial spin‐canted regions persist above the LSMO Curie temperature, enabling anomalous Hall transport dominated by interface‐driven correlations. Superlattices grown on TiO 2 ‐ vs. SrO‐terminated SrTiO 3 substrates exhibit distinct interfacial sequences and roughness, leading to measurable differences in magnetization, Curie temperature, and electronic conduction. Remarkably, Hall resistance measurements uncovered an abrupt, hysteretic switching between high‐and low‐resistance states at temperatures significantly above the LSMO Curie temperature. This switching is polarity‐independent with respect to magnetic‐field direction, demonstrating omnipolar anomalous Hall switching originating from magnetization reversals within interfacial Fe─Mn exchange‐coupled layers. The effect is absent in the longitudinal magnetoresistance, confirming its Hall‐specific origin. These findings establish LSMO–BFO superlattices as a robust platform for omnipolar magnetic‐field sensing and highlight the critical role of atomic‐layer interface engineering in controlling emergent spin–orbit–coupled transport phenomena in correlated oxide heterostructures.

ABSTRACT Deformable rod‐shaped structures, such as continuum robot arms and deployable space mechanisms, provide efficient solutions that combine compact space occupation, convenient transportation, and multi‐functional reconfiguration. However, existing rod‐shaped smart structures suffer from a deficient reprogrammable space of shape transformations, limited deformation accuracy, and complex real‐time morphing control, which hinder their miniaturization, precision, and integration. This study introduces a new class of 1D mechanical metamaterials, named Meta‐rods. Activated by a single temporary axial displacement input, Meta‐rods can program and sustain large, complex deformations from rod‐shaped unit cells, including axial translation, bending, twisting, radial expansion, volumetric morphing, and their combinations. Constructed from bistable Nitinol wires, shape transformations can be locked at the mechanical stable stage without continuous maintenance control. The Meta‐rod prototypes a mapping catheter for Atrial Fibrillation treatments, demonstrating self‐sustained deployment under dynamic flow and pressure conditions. The proposed versatile framework for developing reconfigurable building blocks paves the way for advancements in 1D mechanical metamaterials with programmable shape reconfiguration.

ABSTRACT The salts with amine‐group and self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been commonly used as additives and hole‐selective layers (HTLs) to enhance the performance of wide bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which hold great potential to develop low‐cost tandem photovoltaic technology surpassing the Shockley‐Queisser efficiency limit. In this work, a multifunctional additive, 4‐guanidinobenzoic acid hydrochloride (GBAC), was employed to effectively regulate WBG perovskite film crystallization and suppress phase segregation, resulting in enhanced open‐circuit voltage ( V OC ) and phase stability in PSCs. However, the charge transport in WBG PSCs is affected by the interaction between GBAC and SAM. By modulating the interfacial dipole and energy‐level alignment of SAM modified transparent conductive oxide (TCO) substrates, WBG PSC with a bandgap of 1.66 eV obtained the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.12% with a high fill factor (FF) of 85.64%. Moreover, the device retains 94% of its initial PCE after 600 h of maximum power point tracking under one‐sun illumination at room temperature. Finally, a mechanically stacked perovskite/Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) tandem solar cell attains a PCE of 28.81%. This work provides insight of modulating the interaction between additives and SAMs in high‐performance perovskite photovoltaic devices.

ABSTRACT Sources of light characterized by a well‐defined number of photons are widely used in quantum experiments and technologies due to their peculiar properties, which include sub‐Poissonian statistics, spatial, temporal, and frequency correlations, as well as maximal and high‐dimensional entanglement. Searching for the best experimental approaches that allow us to visualize the quantum state of two (or more) photons has been a long‐standing fundamental question, which has been mainly addressed via mode projection techniques. The rapid development of single‐photon‐sensitive cameras, however, has opened the pathway to conceptually simple, yet faster and more efficient, measurement techniques. This review explores the latest advancements in measuring the spatial structure of the quantum state of light using 3D imaging techniques. An overview of the most used single‐photon camera technologies is given, highlighting their differences and respective advantages. Besides the fundamental interest in reconstructing experimentally one of the most mysterious concepts of microscopic physics, this review illustrates how the techniques developed in this direction can lead to new ideas in the fields of imaging and sensing, for instance, superresolution measurements and phase‐enhanced and sub‐shot noise imaging.

ABSTRACT Stretchable hybrid electronics offer a compelling pathway for integrating rigid microelectronic components within soft, deformable platforms, crucial for the development of next‐generation wearable and epidermal devices. However, the pronounced mechanical mismatch at the interface between stiff components and elastomeric substrates often leads to interfacial failure, including delamination and cracking, under dynamic strain conditions. In this study, we present a mechanically optimized and electrically resilient stretchable hybrid electronic system by co‐designing substrate mechanics and conductive architectures. A photolithographically defined gradient crosslinking technique is utilized to fabricate a modulus‐graded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate, exhibiting a spatially tunable elastic modulus ranging from 0.12 to 1.4 MPa. This gradient‐modulus configuration enables effective redistribution of localized strain, thereby alleviating stress concentration and enhancing mechanical durability at heterogeneous interfaces. Concurrently, a silver‐PDMS composite conductor is developed, achieving high conductivity (1 Ω/sq under 50% strain), excellent stretchability, and environmental robustness. Direct‐ink‐writing using an inkjet platform facilitates precise patterning of conductive traces, allowing seamless integration of multifunctional sensor arrays capable of real‐time monitoring of wrist kinematics and complex finger movements. This work underscores the synergistic integration of gradient mechanical engineering and scalable microfabrication strategies, paving the way for robust, high‐fidelity wearable electronics and electronic skin systems.

ABSTRACT Biological systems achieve adaptive mechanical responses through reaction‐diffusion processes that couple chemical wave propagation to structural transitions. Although synthetic hydrogels with enzymatic reactions offer a platform for replicating such autonomous behavior, the mechanistic principles governing chemomechanical transduction remain poorly understood. Here, we present a glucose oxidase‐embedded polyacrylamide‐alginate hydrogel with slower transduction kinetics that enable independent resolution of chemical waves and mechanical adaptation. Enzymatic pH waves propagate at 15–44 µm min −1 , triggering calcium‐mediated alginate crosslinking through pH‐responsive calcium‐EDTA dissociation. Independent tracking of chemical and mechanical waves reveals that mechanical wavefronts (12 µm min −1 ) lag behind chemical propagation, establishing transduction as the rate‐limiting step in this chemomechanical coupling. Remarkably, the enzymatic system must continuously supply chemical energy to both propagate the chemical wave and drive ongoing mechanical transitions, imposing energetic costs on reaction‐diffusion beyond kinetic constraints alone. Our adaptive system achieves up to 2.1‐fold increase in stiffness and enables autonomous conversion of localized stimuli into system‐wide mechanical responses. These mechanistic insights establish design principles for engineering adaptive materials with predictable spatiotemporal control in soft robotics and biomedical applications.

ABSTRACT In the contemporary landscape of accelerating artificial intelligence (AI) development, multi‐dimensional information recognition has emerged as a critical enabler for enhancing both data computational efficiency and decision‐making precision. However, traditional multi‐dimensional recognition architectures exhibit a fundamental reliance on extensive hardware arrays and complex circuit topologies, posing significant challenges to hardware integration and system‐level miniaturization for AI‐based recognition systems. Here, for the first time, we propose an in situ 4D neuromorphic transistor (I‐FNT) and design a 4D spatiotemporal recognition system based on I‐FNT. Through dynamic encoding of the input port voltages of I‐FNT, programmable switching among three recognition modes (grayscale, depth, and time) is achieved, enabling cross‐dimensional information perception. Compared to existing multi‐dimensional information recognition systems, our 4D spatiotemporal recognition system significantly simplifies hardware while achieving 100% device integration gain. The I‐FNT‐integrated convolutional neural network (CNN) harnesses spatial (depth) information to achieve breakthrough performance in object recognition: 122% higher training efficiency and 345% faster training speed relative to conventional architectures, while attaining 94% accuracy. The system simultaneously facilitates object motion trajectory recognition, demonstrating comprehensive spatiotemporal processing capabilities. Therefore, I‐FNT provides an efficient and accurate novel solution for multi‐dimensional information recognition, representing a significant breakthrough for intelligent sensing and AI‐based recognition systems.

ABSTRACT Peptides have become an increasingly important therapeutic modality for diverse diseases (e.g., diabetes and cancer) due to their high potency and specificity, favorable safety profiles, and improved manufacturability. Biodegradable micro‐ and nano‐carriers have consequently been widely investigated to protect peptides from enzymatic degradation and rapid systemic clearance while enabling sustained delivery. Despite substantial progress, biodegradable carrier–based peptide delivery remains limited by several persistent challenges: (i) low peptide loading capacity, (ii) an inherent trade‐off between high loading and suppression of initial burst release, and (iii) pronounced peptide‐to‐peptide variability in loading and release arising from heterogeneous physicochemical properties (e.g., charge, hydrophilicity, and solubility). To present insights for overcoming these unresolved issues, we aim to review recent strategies for efficiently loading and releasing peptide therapeutics in biodegradable carriers. After briefly introducing the properties and types of peptides and biodegradable carriers, the major limitations of biodegradable carrier‐based peptide delivery are meticulously discussed. Then, the potential solutions to resolve the limitations are presented based on the recently progressed works. Finally, we outline remaining knowledge gaps and future directions for scalable manufacturing, longer‐duration release, and clinical translation of biodegradable carrier‐based peptide delivery systems.

ABSTRACT Mixed metal fluorides have been considered as a promising candidate to lower the voltage hysteresis of conversion‐type iron fluoride cathodes, but their cycling stability is limited due to transition metal dissolution and interphase growth in liquid electrolyte batteries. Here, we study the role of incorporating CuF 2 and NiF 2 in the electrochemical performance of FeF 3 cathode in halide‐based solid‐state batteries to test whether we can transfer the kinetic benefit of low voltage hysteresis to solid‐state batteries while using solid electrolyte to eliminate transition metal dissolution and stabilize the interphase. Synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy results indicated the redox reactions are attributed to Cu 0 /Cu + and Fe 0 /Fe 2+ in 25CuF 2 ‐75FeF 3 and Ni 0 /Ni 2+ and Fe 0 /Fe 3+ in 10NiF 2 ‐90FeF 3 . While no apparent improvement in electrode kinetics can be observed, the incorporation of CuF 2 and NiF 2 can largely improve the cycling stability of FeF 3 cathodes. The results demonstrate the advantages of using solid‐state concept to improve the cycling stability of conversion‐type cathodes.

ABSTRACT Hydroxyapatite is widely used in tissue engineering due to its similarity to the mineral in bone. Microstructured hydroxyapatite scaffolds are of interest as they provide mechanical support for cells and guide cell behavior through structural cues. However, current structuring methods are limited to either large structures that lack the smallest features of bone or to nanoscale structuring that is not scalable to larger constructs. In this work, we bridge this gap by using two‐photon lithography of a transparent nanocomposite to fabricate dense and mechanically stable hydroxyapatite microscaffolds. Structures ranging from one centimeter in length to structuring submicron features are achieved, enabling multiscale structuring. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells that are seeded on hydroxyapatite show high viability, and an examination of cell morphology and osteogenic differentiation demonstrates the impact of high‐resolution scaffolds for cell culture over commercial low‐resolution counterparts. This approach enables efficient fabrication of multiscale hydroxyapatite scaffolds, with great potential for bone tissue engineering.