Abstract Hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ) is a highly toxic and strongly reducing compound extensively used in aerospace propulsion and industrial synthesis, necessitating its real‐time detection essential for environmental and occupational safety. Here, an electrohydrodynamic printing (EHDP) strategy is reported to fabricate a uniform poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐SnO 2 (P3HT‐SnO 2 ) composite sensing film for room‐temperature hydrazine sensing. Structural characterizations reveal homogeneous dispersion of ≈4 nm SnO 2 quantum dots (QDs) on the P3HT matrix and the formation of interface P‐N heterojunctions. The P3HT‐SnO 2 sensor delivers a remarkable response of 1550% toward 15 ppm N 2 H 4 , an ultralow detection limit of 500 ppb, excellent selectivity against common interfering gases (CO, H 2 , CO 2 , and C 2 H 5 OH), and long‐term performance over 90 days. Compared with drop‐cast films, the EHDP‐printed devices exhibit superior uniformity, tunable thickness, and significantly enhanced response and recovery kinetics, arising from increased active sites, optimized morphology, and accelerated gas adsorption–desorption dynamics. Mechanistic investigations indicated that N 2 H 4 molecules donate electrons, reducing hole density in P3HT and expanding the depletion region at the P3HT‐SnO 2 interface, thereby amplifying the resistance change. These results establish EHDP‐printed P3HT‐SnO 2 hybrid films as a robust platform for highly sensitive, selective, and stable hydrazine detection at room temperature, offering a promising route toward advanced toxic hydrazine gas sensors.

Abstract The self‐powered photothermoelectric photodetector is promising for diverse military and civilian applications. However, the substandard mechanical flexibility and high manufacturing costs limit its promotion in wearable electronics. Herein, a cost‐effective route is demonstrated for manufacturing a flexible photothermoelectric photodetector using industrial waste. By the precipitation reaction under the coupling of ultrasonic waves and shear force, waste copper etching solution is successfully recycled into copper sulfide nanoparticles. The resulting plasmonic Cu 9 S 8 nanoparticles, with an average size of ≈10 nm, exhibit strong near‐infrared light absorption as well as the high photothermal conversion efficiency of 48% due to the plasmonic enhancement effects. Then, the flexible photothermoelectric device is fabricated by depositing the Cu 9 S 8 thin film on Nylon filter membranes. The simplified device demonstrates a responsivity of 0.3 mA W −1 and a rapid response time of 4.1 s (rise) and 3.0 s (fall) to 808 nm infrared light. Furthermore, microcrack engineering within the Cu 9 S 8 thin film enhances the device's mechanical durability. The flexible photodetector shows almost no degradation in photoresponse even after 1000 bending‐releasing cycles. This work not only provides a way to turn waste etching solution into treasure, but also opens up a new path for low‐cost preparation of flexible photodetectors.

Abstract As a renewable and bio‐based material, polylactic acid (PLA) can provide long‐term sustainable environmental benefits. This study focused on analyzing the economic performance of PLA production from corn stover at a large scale in the U.S. A modeling framework is established that integrates techno‐economic analysis with the process model developed in Aspen Plus and Monte Carlo simulation that analyzes the corresponding uncertainty and variability across the system. Monte Carlo simulation is enabled by artificial intelligence (AI) models, namely Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Random Forest. This established framework aims at streamlining the process that requires high computational time and developing an easy‐access analysis tool. Scenario analysis investigated different energy options and biorefinery lifespans. The results indicate that the mean minimum selling price of 1 t PLA is $2523 (5th percentile–95th percentile (P5–P95) $2 107–$2 940) for a 30‐year lifespan using natural gas as the energy source, $2,731 (P5–P95 $2 400–$3 076) for a 10‐year lifespan using natural gas for extra energy, and $2 637 (P5–P95 $2 370–$2 903) for a 30‐year lifespan using wood pellets for additional energy. Both AI models demonstrate the ability to predict economic performance by showing relatively high prediction accuracy, but the ANN model exhibits better performance.

Abstract The safety concerns inherent to lithium‐ion batteries constitute a primary technical barrier hindering their large‐scale deployment. Poly(3‐alkylthiophene)s (P3ATs) are promising candidates for thermally responsive electrodes aimed at suppressing thermal runaway owing to their pronounced positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of how the molecular architecture of p‐type conducting polymers affects their PTC characteristics remains lacking. Herein, P3ATs with varying branched alkyl side‐chains are synthesized, and the influence of different anionic dopants (PF 6 − , ClO 4 − , and TFSI − ) on the PTC switching temperature and resistance ratio is systematically investigated. It is found that polymers with branched side chains doped by smaller anions exhibit higher PTC transition temperatures and larger PTC resistance ratios, which is attributed to enhanced segmental mobility and more efficient dopant dissociation. However, the polymer's resistance ratio decreases with increasing thermal cycles, indicating that the reversibility of its PTC effect weakens as thermal cycling proceeds. Moreover, temperature‐sensitive LiFePO 4 /polymers composite electrodes exhibit an effective current‐interruption capability at 100 °C with reversible PTC effect. These findings establish molecular‐design principles for next‐generation thermally responsive battery materials with intrinsic thermal‐protection functionality.

Abstract Hydrogen, increasingly recognized as a sustainable energy carrier, necessitates the process of developing efficient and cost‐effective electrocatalysts to drive the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). While precious metals have shown exceptional HER activity, their scarcity and high cost limit their widespread application. This study introduces an efficient bimetallic metal‐nitrogen‐carbon (M‐N x ‐C) active sites, comprising cobalt and iron atoms anchored on graphitic carbon nitride porous nanosheets (CNPN) supported by reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The developed catalysts are analyzed by sophisticated characterization methods, confirming the incorporation of distinctive (Fe/Co)‐N x ‐C active sites within the highly porous and active surface area formed by the CNPN network. In alkaline conditions, the optimized (Fe, Co)‐CNPN‐2@rGO catalyst shows HER activity at a low overpotential of only 146 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm −2 . This exceptional performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of the bimetallic active sites, high surface area, porosity, and rapid charge transfer kinetics. The (Fe, Co)‐CNPN‐2@rGO catalyst outperforms many previously reported non‐precious metal‐based catalysts in alkaline conditions and demonstrates excellent stability over extended periods. This study offers essential information in designing and optimizing the M‐N x ‐C active sites for efficient hydrogen production, which enables the development of affordable and sustainable energy technologies.

Abstract In this work, a series of ligand‐extension MOF‐74‐type frameworks M 2 (hob) (M = tunable Mn/Zn, hob 4‐ = 5,5′‐(hydrazine‐1,2‐diylidenebis(methanylylidene))bis(2‐oxidobenzoate)) materials is synthesized for the direct oxidative carboxylation of alkenes with CO 2 . Structural expansion affords enlarged pores and enhanced surface area, facilitating substrate diffusion. Comprehensive characterization confirms that Mn 1 Zn 2 (hob) exhibits optimal structural integrity, morphological uniformity, enhanced textural properties, and maximal Mn 3+ active species concentration. The results show that Mn 1 Zn 2 (hob) exhibits optimal performance in the solvent‐free reaction system with styrene (9 mmol), tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (13.5 mmol), and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB, 50 mg) at 80 °C under 1.5 MPa CO 2 for 5 h, achieving a styrene conversion of 94.1% and styrene carbonate (SC) selectivity of 55.5%. The superior activity originates from synergistic interactions among bimetallic Lewis‐acid sites (Mn/Zn), weak basic sites of metal−O units, and redox‐active Mn III centers. The catalyst also demonstrates broad substrate generality and stable recyclability (>6 cycles), with a mechanistic proposal for direct olefin oxidative carboxylation to cyclic carbonates.

Abstract The electrocatalytic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a sustainable alternative to petroleum‐derived polymers, is limited by high energy demands and precious‐metal reliance. This work presents a cost‐effective Ni‐Co PTA nanosheet electrocatalyst fabricated via electrodeposition, solvothermal treatment, and in situ activation. Unlike conventional Au/Pd‐based catalysts or transition metal hydroxides, the activated catalyst features ultrathin hexagonal nanosheets with enriched Ni3⁺/Co3⁺ species, achieving 99.9% conversion and high FDCA yield at 0.35 V(vs. HgO/Hg), outperforming non‐precious benchmarks and approaching noble metals. Mechanistic analysis reveals that alkaline cycling drives evolution from dense hydroxide precursors into nanosheets., enlarging the electrochemical surface area and reducing charge‐transfer resistance. XPS and in situ Raman spectroscopy confirm Ni2⁺→Ni3⁺/Co2⁺→Co3⁺ transitions, enabling NiOOH formation at lower potentials. Notably, the catalyst exhibits versatile oxidation activity toward glycerol, urea, and methanol, while maintaining high yield under practical concentrations. This work provides a scalable and sustainable strategy for biomass valorization, bridging the gap between non‐precious catalyst design and industrial feasibility for green chemical synthesis.

Abstract With atmospheric CO 2 concentrations rising due to emissions from industrial point sources such as coal combustion and steel manufacturing, scalable carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategies are needed. Photosynthetic carbon fixation by plants presents a promising, sustainable approach. While elevated CO 2 (eCO 2 ) is known to modulate plant traits, the dynamics of carbon conversion under such conditions remain insufficiently understood. The interactive effects of eCO 2 , nutrient availability, and temperature are investigated on plant growth and carbon sequestration capacity. The results show that eCO 2 enhances relative growth rate (RGR) and carbon conversion efficiency, with an optimal response observed at 2000 ppm CO 2 . Beyond this threshold, at 3000 ppm, photosynthetic gains declined, indicating inhibitory effects of CO 2 oversaturation. Nutrient enrichment under optimal eCO 2 conditions further stimulated biomass production, particularly in shoot tissues, yet do not significantly alter carbon conversion rates, suggesting a plateau in photosynthetic capacity. Elevated temperatures similarly promoted growth and fixation rates up to a thermal optimum, beyond which photosynthetic efficiency declined. These findings demonstrate the potential and limitations of plant‐based bio‐fixation under future climate scenarios, highlighting its viability as a natural CDR pathway within defined environmental bounds.

Abstract Inventing new approaches to transform abundant plant matter swiftly into valuable products is crucial for sustainable development. Here, the first direct and continuous conversion of lignocellulosic solid mass into synthetic biogas is reported using blue laser irradiation at multi‐kW/cm2 intensity. It is demonstrated that the on‐demand generation of a biogas jet, achieving rapid (in milliseconds) and continuous production of a flame jet 300 times larger than the mm‐size laser focus. Remarkably, biogas production occurs exclusively during laser illumination, without triggering bulk combustion, and achieves up to 92% mass conversion. A comprehensive phase diagram of the blue light–wood interaction highlighting three distinct regimes accessed is reported by varying laser parameters and provide mechanistic insight using photothermal simulations. Furthermore, the molecular composition of the synthetic biogas is identified and is shown to result from the photothermal decomposition of lignocellulose molecules. The biogas, collected independently, is shown to produce a sustained flame. Successful bio‐gasification of 16 kinds of woods proves that the all‐optical approach is solvent‐free, non‐contact, scalable, and universally applicable.

Abstract For the manifestation of hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen availability at low cost is an essential requirement. Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during electrochemical water splitting is anticipated to produce green hydrogen commercially. Alternative electrocatalysts to the Pt based materials have shown low performance in terms of high overpotential or low cycle life. To meet the high demand for minimal usage of noble metals toward HER, bimetallic and/or core‐shell nanostructures are being evaluated. The present report demonstrates a facile preparation of Cu@Pd core‐shell nanostructures over a copper foil toward HER, involving a template electrodeposition of copper followed by palladium deposition through galvanic replacement reaction. The results show highly promising catalytic stability toward HER in acidic medium with an overpotential value of 185 mV for reaching a current density of –10 mA.cm −2 , together with a Tafel slope of 120 mV.dec −1 , which suggests a facile HER kinetics over Cu@Pd/Cu foil and a promising long‐term stability for 16 h suggesting their potentiality toward commercial HER applications. The catalysts are further extended toward HER in neutral and seawater electrolytes to evaluate the versatility of Cu@Pd/Cu foil. The HER activities are supported by in situ Raman analysis to get interfacial information during the reaction.