This article examines the complexities of economic and political interdependencies in the modern globalized world. It explores the impact of economic alliances, geopolitical tensions, climate change, and technological innovation on global governance. The study adopts a multidisciplinary approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative data analysis to explore the structural transformations shaping international relations. The findings indicate that while economic blocs and emerging technologies foster cooperation and development, challenges such as climate instability and economic inequalities persist. Recommendations include strategic policies to strengthen global cooperation, mitigate climate risks, and leverage technological advancements for sustainable growth.

That Sub-Saharan Africa is threshing floor for human blood is not an overstatement. Terrorism of divers nomenclature is everywhere, and they seem to be operating with impunity under a failed state. This review paper focuses on the capability of remote sensing and GIS in counter terrorism in Sub Saharan Africa with the epicentres at Gulf of Guinea and the Horn of Africa (Somali). To this end, the paper reviewed case studies in use of multi-temporal HSR-5M satellite imagery and ARCGIS that carry out area surveillance of elected area. While SASTRA resource search engine was used to access secondary data on Big Data, remote sensing, and GIS applications in security. The review find out that Big-Data in GIS environment and sensors bearing Unmanned Area Vehicle (UAV), and natural birds are veritable tools for modern enemies’ surveillance and logistic supply for troops. The paper therefore recommended that all the African countries should invest more in the security agencies capacity development, remote sensing and GIS hardware and software for effective territorial security and defence.

Perhaps, pathogens are the main biotic factor that cause diseases of plants reducing yield considerably. Man in its interest and effort tries to defend/protect these plants from the harassment by these pathogens. This review tries to look at the pathogen as a causal agent of diseases, disease development and the pathologist as management strategist employing various options to bring the pathogen under control. This initiative to unravel the causes of disease, disease development and management is seen as a “warfare” between the pathogen and the pathologist as each of them is seen to be smarter in its approach. Different strategies from both ends were examined and mechanisms by which each of them uses to outwit the other in this warfare are discussed. There is no doubt, the pathogen is far ahead and the most intelligent. It always tries to be a step ahead and seems to be dictating the pace with resultant nightmares/sleepless nights to the pathologist. The pathogen also tries to set the questions for the responses from the pathologist. Nevertheless, the pathologist has never relented in its effort to always find an antidote/solution to the swiftly and slippery nature of the pathogen. In nature’s own wisdom, perhaps it would be impossible for the pathologist to find a lasting antidote/solution, as this might appear to bring plant pathology as a profession to an end. The fight for supremacy therefore continues unabated.

Background: The rising prevalence of substance use disorders in Kenya necessitates the exploration of innovative treatment approaches. Neuro-informed counseling techniques, which integrate insights from neuroscience into therapeutic practices, have shown promise in enhancing treatment outcomes for individuals struggling with addiction. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of neuro-informed counseling techniques in improving addiction treatment outcomes among drug addicts in rehabilitation centers in Kenya. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar, to identify studies published between 2010 and 2023 that focused on neuro-informed counseling techniques in addiction treatment within Kenyan rehabilitation settings. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and qualitative research that reported on treatment outcomes such as relapse rates, psychological well-being, and overall recovery. Results: A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, revealing a significant positive impact of neuro-informed counseling techniques on treatment outcomes. Key findings indicated that these techniques, which include mindfulness-based interventions, cognitive-behavioral strategies, and neuro-feedback, were associated with reduced relapse rates, improved emotional regulation, and enhanced coping skills among participants. Additionally, qualitative data highlighted increased engagement and motivation in treatment, suggesting that neuro-informed approaches foster a more supportive therapeutic environment. Conclusion: The integration of neuro-informed counseling techniques in addiction treatment within Kenyan rehabilitation centers demonstrates promising potential for improving outcomes among drug addicts. This systematic review underscores the need for further research to establish standardized protocols and training for practitioners, as well as to explore the long-term effects of these interventions. By adopting a neuro-informed approach, rehabilitation centers can enhance the efficacy of their treatment programs, ultimately contributing to better recovery rates and improved quality of life for individuals affected by addiction.

The burgeoning prevalence of obesity and overweight conditions including NIDDM and dysregulation of energy balance are rapidly approaching epidemic proportions in much of Western society and imposing a significant burden on available health care resources. Once diagnosed, treatment is typically a life-long effort to attenuate the continued progression of pathophysiologic sequela of the disorders. Since the predominate proportion of macronutrient energy source in most Western diets is often carbohydrate, typically more than 50% by weight at ~4 kcals/gram, efforts to modulate the impact of dietary CHO on parameters of adiposity and weight gain were investigated. This study determined the effects of delayed carbohydrate digestion on energy intake and consequent weight gain groups of young adult, obese-NIDDM rats that were fed a USDA-formulated, hyperinsulinemic diet consisting of 54% sucrose plus essential fats, proteins, micronutrients and fiber for up to 8 weeks, or the same diet containing 150 mg/kg of (1,5 dideoxy-1,5-[(2-hydroxyethyl) imino]-D glucitol; generic miglitol). Measures of daily energy intake and weight gain were determined at weekly intervals. Adiposity was determined by dissecting major fat depots at the end of the study and determining adipose tissue mass and cellularity. Miglitol resulted in 20% less energy intake and weight gain, and corresponding decreases in adiposity after 8 weeks of study. The results of this study indicate that delayed carbohydrate digestion via the α-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol or other similar agents may be a useful adjunct in the regulation of food intake and in attenuating weight gain in man and animals in addition to their well-established effects as an adjunct in the treatment of impaired glycemic responses in obesity and NIDDM.

Years ago, just by thinking about it, we discovered the rate of a unit clock in a gravitational field, and, after that, because of the slower clock rate in a gravitational field, that the energy that an energy wave sphere loses becomes its energy of motion. We calculated the radius of a proton energy wave sphere contained in an electron energy wave sphere. We extend the concept of energy wave spheres to imaginary energy wave spheres to explain the change in frequency of the wave in an energy wave sphere. We show that a black hole is an imaginary energy wave sphere with radius alpha and wave velocity ic, which gives the nature of the kernel with radius alpha of a mass M. We show that the radial component of the velocity of a light ray, perpendicular to a radius in a gravitational field, has the velocity of an imaginary energy wave sphere inside the photon. We did not come here to offer a false theory, but, rather, a look through the veil of gravitation. We are the looking glass. A light ray with constant velocity -c moving toward the imaginary kernel of a mass M along a radius has a real energy wave sphere with wave velocity 0 always. In the face of imaginary energy wave spheres along its path, the wave velocity of the energy wave sphere never becomes imaginary assuming any energy lost by the wave goes into the velocity of the energy wave sphere. Taking this non-imaginary wave velocity clue amounts to assuming it holds for all real energy wave spheres and, as a consequence, that the absolute velocity of a real energy wave sphere cannot exceed c. Knowing that the source of this velocity is the energy wave sphere itself, we should have already concluded this anyway. As for a real kernel for the mass M for some radius less than alpha, no real energy wave sphere has an imaginary energy wave sphere to hold it together for such a radius. The only conceivable place to match the wave velocity of the real kernel of a mass M, where the wave velocity of the kernel is c and the velocity of the energy wave sphere, not its wave velocity, is -c, is at the radius alpha, thus extending the notion of a black hole to include this real energy wave sphere.

The increasing population poses an ever-increasing demand for food production amidst major constraints like decreasing agricultural labour, increased growth rate of industrialization, urbanization, reduced land and water availability for agriculture, and drudgery in farm works. With rapid development of technology in the field of robotics and AI, has created new horizons for its application in agriculture and allied sectors. These latest technologies help farmers in facing the challenges in food production to ensure food security, environmental sustainability and labour efficiency in the age-old industry. In this review article, a comprehensive view of the current state and future trends of robotics and AI in various agricultural domains, like crop monitoring, weed control, harvesting, sorting and transportation are discussed.

Mixed-oxide nanostructures of the type xSm2O3-(1-x)alpha-Fe2O3 (x=0.1 and 0.5) were synthesized by mechanochemical activation for ball milling times of 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours. The 0-h Mӧssbauer spectrum was analyzed with a sextet characteristic to hematite. A second sextet with a lower value of the hyperfine magnetic field was assigned to samarium-doped hematite. An additional quadrupole-split doublet, whose abundance showed a general trend to increase with the ball milling time, was attributed to superparamagnetic samarium iron perovskite (samarium orthoferrite) phase. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for the equimolar composition were dominated by the diffraction peaks of SmFeO3 after 12 h of milling. The hysteresis loops recorded at 5 K and an applied magnetic field of 5 T exhibited higher values of the magnetization than the similar ones measured at 300 K, but did not saturate at this field strength. The coercive field values showed a decrease with decreasing the particle size after prolonged milling. The zero-field-cooling-field-cooling (ZFC-FC) measurements performed at 200 Oe and 5-300 K were consistent with an increase in magnetization with ball milling time. The Tauc plots derived from the optical diffuse reflectance spectra showed that the samples were semiconductors with a band gap of ~2.1 eV.

Flourishing human societies owe their success primarily to the founding of efficient administration and supporting systems of communication, education, economy, security, and international relations. In addition, establishment of instructive principles of moral, ethical, and behavioral rules are also important in prevention of excessive aggression and violence. When these positive aspects are accompanied by decency, trust, good will, optimism and ambitious improvements, the citizen are satisfied and the entire community healthy.