能源消耗和碳排放增加，加剧气候变化，准确估算碳排放和了解碳排放空间分布，是节能减排的基础。传统的碳排放估算仅通过统计数据计算省或区域碳排放量，由于统计数据的缺失，无法估算小空间尺度的碳排放。为了更好地了解市级碳排空间分布，文章利用NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光数据，采用时空地理加权回归模型，建立夜间灯光与能源消费碳排放的关系模型，得到山东省市级能源消费碳排放空间分布图。结果表明：GTWR模型估算，能源消费碳排放具有较高的精度，能够展现山东省碳排放的空间分布特征。总体空间上，山东省碳排放呈增长趋势，主要分布在北部、南部、东部；碳排放热点主要分布在东部的日照、潍坊、青岛、烟台；分布重心在潍坊。研究结果可为山东省减排政策提供支撑。The increase in energy consumption and carbon emissions has aggravated climate change. Accurately estimating carbon emissions and understanding the spatial distribution of carbon emissions are the basis for energy conservation and emission reduction. Traditional carbon emission estimation only calculates provincial or regional carbon emissions through statistical data. Due to the lack of statistical data, it is impossible to estimate carbon emissions at a small spatial scale. In order to better understand the spatial distribution of carbon emissions at the municipal level, this paper uses NPP-VIIRS night light data and a spatiotemporal geographic weighted regression model to establish a relationship model between night light and energy consumption carbon emissions, and obtains a spatial distribution map of energy consumption carbon emissions at the municipal level in Shandong Province. The results show that the GTWR model estimates energy consumption carbon emissions with high accuracy and can show the spatial distribution characteristics of carbon emissions in Shandong Province. In terms of overall space, carbon emissions in Shandong Province are on the rise, mainly distributed in the north, south and east; carbon emission hotspots are mainly distributed in Rizhao, Weifang, Qingdao and Yantai in the east; the distribution center is in Weifang. The research results can provide support for Shandong Province’s emission reduction policies.

江西省花岗岩型锂矿资源量大，易于开采，综合利用潜力大。但其家底尚未摸清，因此，有必要对花岗岩型锂矿快速选区展开研究，以指导勘探部署。重力勘探是一种以密度差异为基础的地球物理勘探方法，由于其具有高效、经济等优点，在矿床、油气等靶区选区中得到了广泛地应用。为此，文章在江西省宜春市超大型锂矿田的宜丰圳口里–奉新枧下窝矿区开展重力快速选区研究。在大比例尺重力规范的基础上完成研究区域1:2万重力数据采集与处理，获得了布格重力异常，并且进行延拓、求导和局部异常分离等处理。结合密度测量结果，重力异常与实际勘探结果对比表明，重力异常与研究区的含矿母岩(白水洞岩体)高度吻合，岩体边界可以大致通过垂向二阶导数的0值范围确定。因此，高精度重力勘探在花岗岩型锂矿快速选区中具有很好的效果，具有良好的应用前景。Jiangxi Province has abundant resources of granite-type lithium deposits, which are easy to mine and have significant potential for comprehensive utilization. However, the full extent of these resources has not yet been fully assessed. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct rapid prospecting studies for granite-type lithium deposits to guide exploration efforts. Gravity exploration is a geophysical prospecting method based on density contrasts. Due to its advantages of efficiency and cost-effectiveness, it has been widely applied in target area selection for mineral deposits, oil, gas, and other resources. To this end, this study conducts rapid gravity prospecting in the Zhenkouli of Yifeng-Jianxiawo of Fengxin mining area within the large-scale lithium deposit field in Yichun, Jiangxi Province. Based on large-scale gravity survey standards, gravity data acquisition and processing at a scale of 1:20,000 were completed for the study area. The Bouguer gravity anomalies were obtained and processed through extension, derivation, and local anomaly separation techniques. By combining density measurement results, a comparison between gravity anomalies and actual exploration outcomes indicates that the gravity anomalies closely align with the ore-bearing bedrock (ηγmK13−zx) in the study area. The boundaries of the intrusion can be roughly determined through the zero-value range of the vertical second derivative. Therefore, high-precision gravity exploration proves to be highly effective for rapid prospecting of granite-type lithium deposits and holds great promise for future applications.

在全球气候变化背景下，区域气候响应特征备受关注，尤其是中高纬度地区冬季气候变化特征。文章以赤峰市为研究区，着重对冬季气温和年均温时空变化特征进行对比分析，结果发现，1961~2021年年均温呈现极显著上升趋势，冬季气温上升趋势不显著，说明该区域冬季增温贡献不显著；低海拔冬季气温响应特征明显，增温趋势显著。1993年年均温气温发生显著的突变，冬季增温突变年份为1979年，与年均温相比，冬季增温突变敏感。年均温和冬季气温均表现为年际周期变化明显的特征。年均温和冬季气温空间变化均表现为由东南向西北递减的特征，主要与纬度和海拔因素有关。Under global climate change, understanding the characteristics of regional climate responses has emerged as a focal point of scientific inquiry, particularly regarding the climatic changes during winter in mid-high latitude regions. This study takes Chifeng City as its research domain, conducting an in-depth comparative analysis of the spatiotemporal variation patterns of winter temperatures and annual mean temperatures. The findings reveal that from 1961 to 2021, the annual mean temperature has demonstrated an extremely significant upward trend. In contrast, the increase in winter temperatures has not reached statistical significance, suggesting that winter warming has made a relatively minor contribution to the overall temperature rise in this area. Notably, winter temperatures at lower altitudes exhibit a more pronounced response, with a significant warming trend. A significant abrupt change in the annual mean temperature was detected in 1993, while the year of abrupt change for winter warming was identified as 1979. Demonstrating higher sensitivity to abrupt warming in winter compared to annual means. Both annual and winter temperatures exhibited clear interannual cyclical variations. Spatially, temperatures decreased from southeast to northwest for both annual and winter means, primarily associated with latitude and elevation factor.

为了建立银川盆地三维地质构造模型，收集整理了前人在银川盆地的地质、石油勘探、人工地震探测成果，利用三维建模技术，建立了银川盆地三维地质构造模型，结果表明，要建立较为可靠的三维地质构造模型，应对研究区前人研究资料进行仔细分析，选择可靠性较高的成果作为地质构造建模的基础资料，同时应用可靠性较低的资料作为补充，如果建模数据点较多，则插值结果与实际地质体更接近，如果建模数据点稀少，则插值结果导致数据点不能与实际地质体相吻合，就要对模型进行反复调整，直到数据点与模型相吻合，对于三维断层模型，要根据断层之间的接触关系对不同断层进行相应调整，对于三维地层模型，应根据地层层序，对相交部分进行调整。To establish a three-dimensional geological model of the Yinchuan Basin, the geological, petroleum exploration, and seismic detection results from previous studies in the Yinchuan Basin were collected and compiled. Using 3D modeling techniques, a three-dimensional geological model of the Yinchuan Basin was constructed. The results indicate that to establish a relatively reliable three-dimensional geological model, the pre-existing research data of the study area should be carefully analyzed, with more reliable results selected as the foundational data for geological modeling, while less reliable data can be used as supplementary material. If there are more data points for modeling, the interpolation results will be closer to the actual geological body. If the modeling data points are sparse, the interpolation may cause the data points to deviate from the actual geological body, necessitating repeated adjustments to the model until the data points align with the model. For the three-dimensional fault model, adjustments should be made to different faults based on their contact relationships. For the three-dimensional stratigraphic model, intersecting sections should be adjusted according to the stratigraphic sequence.