Background: Cuscuta species are generalist parasites of agricultural, ornamental, and wild species. For Mexico, there is a lack of comprehensive information about the host diversity of Cuscuta, models predicting the distribution of the species, and the use of molecular methods for detecting cryptic species. Objective: This study aimed to test if Cuscuta species have a high host diversity and broad potential distribution areas and show the utility of molecular methods for species identification. Methods: We reviewed herbarium specimens (recording [...]

Background: Rice is one of the most important crops due to its importance in human nutrition and its multiple socio-economic contributions. Weeds are one of the main factors limiting rice production and have serious impacts. Objective: We aimed to identify the weed control practices of rice farmers, their problems with weeds and possible solutions to these problems. Methods: A survey (consisting of 41 questions) was conducted among 100 farmers in the Southern Marmara region of Türkiye. Chi-square test was [...]

Background: Swallowwort (Cynanchum acutum subsp. sibiricum) poses significant challenges in cotton fields and orchards across northwest China. Objective: Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of various abiotic factors on seed germination of swallowwort. Methods: Seed germination and seedling emergence of freshly harvested seed (FS) and seed stored for six months (SS) were investigated under different temperatures, osmotic potentials, saline stresses, and burial depths. Results: The optimal germination temperature of FS was 30 to 35 °C, [...]

Background Herbicide-resistant E. crus-galli poses a significant threat to rice production in direct-seeded rice systems. Objective This study aimed to confirm the presence of bispyribac-sodium-resistant (R) E. crus-galli and determine the optimal mixture ratio of propanil and quinclorac to control the R biotype. Methods E. crus-galli seeds from putative resistant and susceptible biotypes were collected from rice fields located 10 km apart in Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia, and screened with bispyribac-sodium, propanil, and quinclorac. Dose-response tests were conducted to [...]

Background: Banana (Musa spp.) cultivation, has a centaury history in open fields in Mediterranean part of Türkiye has become enlarged for three decades due to benefits of covered production. Objective: Weed species, their frequencies, distributions and reasons under current techniques and geographical attributes in banana fields and greenhouses were determined to provide data to develop strategies and systems for sustainable weed management and cultivation of banana. Methods: Weeds and their coverage and densities were determined in banana fields and greenhouses surveying 2% of banana production acreage in 2021-2022. Results: 68 different species of 25 families were recorded. The most common weed species were Cardamine occulta, Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea, Conyza canadensis, and Oxalis corniculata. The number of weeds, their coverage and densities in individual fields were not affected significantly by production method (open-field vs greenhouse) or banana cultivars but location. Years and field size affected the number of weed species while homogeneity and cycles affected weed coverage and density. Dominant species in greenhouses were C. occulta, Pilea microphylla, O. corniculata, Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria verticillata, and A. retroflexus but Cyperus rotundus, S. verticillata, O. corniculata, and P. oleracea in open fields. C. occulta and Pilea microphylla were recorded first time in Türkiye. The most common species and dominant species in fields are mainly aliens including both neophytes and archeophytes. Greenhouses and production techniques might have effect on weed problem. There are needs for further research on banana weeds including their controls to establish better strategies and control systems in banana management.

Background: Corn marigold (Glebionis segetum) is a serious weed of cereal and pulse crops in many parts of Ethiopia. However, there is a lack of information on its management in wheat fields in the country. Objective: The current work was designed with the objectives of evaluating integrated management of the weed and determining the most economical integrated weed management options in wheat fields. Methods: The field experiments were conducted in naturally corn marigold infested fields in the Cheliya and Woliso districts of Western and Southwestern Ethiopia, respectively, during 2020 to 2021 cropping seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were 1) Halauxifen-methyl 100 g kg -1 + Florasulam 100 g kg -1 + hand weeding, 2) Pyroxsulam 45 g L -1 + hand weeding, 3) Flurasulam 75 g L -1 + Flumetsulam 100 g L -1 + hand weeding, 4) twice hand weeding 5) weed free, and 6) weedy check. Results: Different corn marigold management practices resulted in different responses to all measured for the crop and weed parameters. Application of Halauxifen-methyl 100 g kg -1 + Florasulam 100 g kg -1 at a rate of 50 g ha -1 supplemented with a single hand weeding and Pyroxsulam 45 g L -1 sprayed at a rate of 0.50 L ha -1 supplemented with a single hand weeding increased grain yield by 87 and 74%, respectively, as compared to the weedy check. The marginal revenue and benefit-cost ratio obtained from the marketing of goods for the application of Halauxifen-methyl 100 g kg -1 + Florasulam 100 g kg -1 with a single supplementary hand weeding of corn marigold increased by about 149% and 165%, respectively, as compared to the weedy check. Conclusions: The present study revealed the role of integrated management of corn marigold in improving wheat production and productivity. Future research should be directed towards scaling up and expanding these technologies among growers.

Glyphosate-resistant palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri, a difficult to control weed with aggressive growth, capable of causing large yield losses in annual crops, was identified in Brazil, in the state of Mato Grosso, in 2015. After notification, an epidemiological survey was carried out to identify the place of entry and area of dispersion. Containment and eradication measures were quickly established by state and federal phytosanitary authorities through legislative measures. After identification, it was classified as a quarantine weed under official [...]

Background Diagnostic bioassays are used to screen the suspected R population. They are conducted at a single herbicide dose and evaluated at a specific time after treatment that can differentiate resistant from susceptible population. Objective Three different bioassays were evaluated to assess the detection of acetyl CoA carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides resistance in D. ciliaris. Method Increasing herbicide rates were used to evaluate the three bioassays for differentiating R from S populations. Results R1 and R2 differed from S in all [...]

Background Phytoremediation is a technique used in soils contaminated with residual herbicides, such as tebuthiuron. However, the herbicide presence in the soil and plant matrices are not generally quantified. Objective This study aimed to select plant species to evaluate the phytoremediation of 14C-tebuthiuron by showy rattlepod (Crotalaria spectabilis), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), radish (Raphanus sativus), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in herbicide-contaminated soil. Methods The selection of the five herbicide phytoremediation plants was with the application of five [...]

Background:
\nAmaranthus hybridus L. (Amaranthaceae) is an annual, dicotyledonous species that is considered one of the main weed infesting agricultural production systems. Some weeds species are considered host plants to insect pests, serving as “green bridges” for subsequent attacks on the main crop during the season, which can cause significant losses. Recording the occurrence of insects that can reach pest status is important for the deployment of mitigation measures against possible damage and economic losses to crops. The presence of Spodoptera eridania (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has not been previously registered in association with A. hybridus plants.
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\nObjective:
\nThus, the present study is the first report to describe the occurrence of S. eridania on A. hybridus in the municipality of Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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\nMethods:
\nImages of the larvae while feeding on A. hybrids were obtained using an Olympus® E-410 digital camera. The pictures were then sent to the Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and IPM (LEMIP) of the Department of Entomology of Lavras Federal University (UFLA) for species identification.
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\nResults:
\nWe observed S. eridania larvae larger than 7 cm feeding on the inflorescences and leaves of A. hybridus .
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\nConclusions:
\nThis note reports the first occurrence of S. eridania larvae feeding on A. hybridus in the city of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.