As part of ongoing revisions of the Afrotropical Trachelidae, four new genera are described from southern Africa: Foordanagen. nov., with F. distinctasp. nov. from South Africa (Eastern Cape, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape) as the type species, F. flavipodasp. nov. from the Free State, F. kasougasp. nov. from the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal, and a fourth undescribed species from Zimbabwe; the monotypic Mushimanegen. nov., with M. tswibilinkisp. nov. from KwaZulu-Natal as the type species; Namaquellagen. nov., with N. aridasp. nov. from the Northern Cape as the type species and N. samanthaesp. nov. from the Western Cape; and Rukulukgen. nov. from South Africa, with R. gramineussp. nov. from the Northern Cape as the type species and a second undescribed species from KwaZulu-Natal known only from juveniles.

The Afrotropical representatives of the zodariid spider genus Asceua Thorell, 1889 are revised. Apart from the known species A. radiosa Jocqué, 1986 (Comoros, Mayotte) and A. lejeunei Jocqué, 1991 (DR Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Nigeria), six new species are recognized and described: A. arborivagasp. nov. (♀, Guinea), A. foordisp. nov., (♂♀, DR Congo, Guinea, South Africa), A. incensasp. nov. (♂♀, DR Congo), A. lukisp. nov. (♂♀, DR Congo), A. palustrissp. nov. (♀, DR Congo) and A. ventrofiguratasp. nov. (♂♀, Tanzania). A key to the species is provided. Some of the species have a very large distribution, which is unusual in the Zodariidae. The phenomenon is probably linked to the canopy dwelling behaviour, which appears common in the genus but unique for this spider family.

Two new species of Afrotropical Wiedemannia Zetterstedt are described: W. kilimanjarosp. nov. (Tanzania), W. londtisp. nov. (Malawi). Both species are illustrated and an updated key to Afrotropical species of Wiedemannia is provided. The distributions of all Afrotropical species of Wiedemannia are mapped and the disjunct distribution briefly discussed.

A colony of the rare hydrozoan siphonophore Lilyopsis Chun, 1885, was observed for the first time in shallow water in False Bay, South Africa, swimming amongst kelp. A study of a high-quality image of this individual found it to share some characters with the prayine prayid L. fluoracantha Haddock, Dunn & Pugh, 2005, so far known only from Monterey Bay, California, in the eastern Pacific. No Lilyopsis species has previously been reliably identified from either the South Atlantic or the Indian Ocean, so this record represents an expansion of the known worldwide distribution for this genus.

The Brazilian waterweed,Egeria densaPlanchon, 1849 (Hydrocharitaceae), is an invasive species in South Africa where it is a host plant for the aquatic leaf-minerHydrellia egeriaeRodrigues-Júnior, 2015 (Ephydridae, Diptera). Efficacy of the biocontrol agent can potentially be affected by parasitoids. Three species of braconid parasitoid wasps were reared from puparia ofHydrellia egeriae. By comparison with the type specimens, these species have been determined to beAdemon lagarosiphonaevan Achterberg, 2012 (Braconidae: Opiinae),Chaenusa anervatavan Achterberg, 2012 andChaenusa seminervatavan Achterberg, 2012 (Braconidae: Alysiinae: Dacnusini), all previously recorded as parasitoids of an ephydrid dipterous aquatic leaf-miner,Hydrellia lagarosiphonDeeming, 2012, onLagarosiphon major(Ridley, 1886) Moss ex Wager (Hydrocharitaceae) in South Africa. The chalcidoid,Janicharis africanusGumovsky & Delvare, 2006 (Eulophidae), was also reared fromHydrellia egeriaeand is possibly a hyperparasitoid of the braconids. South Africa is a new country record forJ. africanus. We provide comprehensive images of all species including the braconid types and illustrated identification keys to the Afrotropical species of the two braconid genera are also provided. All images and online keys are available on WaspWeb (http://www.waspweb.org).

The flower fly genus Ischiodon Sack (Diptera, Syrphidae) is revised and a new species, Ischiodonastales sp. n., is described from Madagascar. Additionally, a lectotype for Ischiodonaegyptius is designated and the first records of Ischiodonscutellaris for the Arabian Peninsula are reported. Diagnoses, illustrations, synonymies and distributional data are given for all described species, as well as an identification key to all known species.

There are no published records of water bears (Phylum Tardigrada) from Swaziland. Two samples of foliose lichen collected in 2010 contained nine tardigrade specimens and one egg belonging to five genera and seven species: Echiniscuscf.quadrispinosus,Milnesiumsp., Milnesiumcf.bohleberi, Hypsibiuscf.convergens,Ramazzottiussp., Macrobiotuscf.pallarii andMinibiotusharrylewisi. Milnesiumsp. resemblesMilnesiumlagniappe, a species from southeastern USA, in its cuticle, and possibly in the number of peribuccal lamellae. Specimens from Lesotho and South Africa previously identified asMilnesiumtardigradumare in fact Milnesiumcf.bohleberi. The habitus ofRamazzottiussp. is consistent withR.theroni, a southern African species, but due to the condition of the specimen the presence of cuticular sculpture cannot be definitively ruled out. Macrobiotuscf.pallarii differs fromM.pallariisensu strictoin some structural details of the egg processes. This is the first record ofMinibiotusharrylewisioutside of its type location in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Two new species of the genus Lebistina Motschulsky, 1864 are described: Lebistina rehagei Assmann, Starke & Terlutter, sp. n., type locality: Kenya: north of Ngomeni. Members of this macropterous species are distinguished from all other known species of the genus by their elytral coloration pattern, large body length, shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus, and shape of the mentum with one tooth showing two small tips. Lebistina petersae Assmann, Drees & Zumstein, sp. n., type locality: Kenya, Tsavo East National Park. Members of this macropterous species differ from all other Lebistina species by their elytral coloration, short body length, shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus, and shape of the mentum with its sinuosity and two blunt teeth. We provide photographs and discuss the characters, including the shape of the mentum which deviates from the classical delineation of the genus Lebistina.

The parasitic copepod Cancerilla oblonga, previously know only from the single holotype female collected from Luderitz Bay, Namibia, is rediscovered in Cape Town, South Africa, where it parasitises the brittlestar Amphiura capensis. The first photographic and SEM images of this species are presented and prevalence rates estimated. Of 240 hosts examined, 25 (=10.42%) were infected, of these 7.53% carried a single copepod, 2.09% two copepods and 0.84% three copepods. This discovery is the first record of any siphonostomatoid copepod infecting an invertebrate host in South Africa.

<p>The last monograph on South African sea anemones was published by Carlgren more than 75 years ago. Since that time, very little taxonomic research has been undertaken on this group and only seven additional species have been added to the regional fauna. In this study we document the history of taxonomic research and of species discovery for the South African anemone fauna, report on further additions to the fauna, and document expanded distributional ranges of known species. This study presents data from our own collections, as well as from the examination of historical data and museum collections, and from photographic records and specimens collected by SCUBA divers. Based on these data, two newly-discovered, but still un-described species, along with 12 new records, are added to the list of South African sea anemones. In addition, the ranges of 39 previously-known species are expanded. These new discoveries raise the total number of Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia species recognised from South African waters to 63.</p>