This study investigates the potential inhibitory effects of 13 aromatic compounds found in ramulus cinnamomi extract against α-amylase (AA) and α-glucosidase (AG) enzymes, which play crucial roles in carbohydrate metabolism and are important therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes management. Through molecular docking simulations, pharmacokinetic analysis, and toxicity assessments, we compared these compounds with established inhibitors including acarbose, voglibose, and miglitol. The molecular docking results revealed that benzyl benzoate demonstrated superior binding energies (-6.819 kcal/mol for AA and -6.897 kcal/mol for AG) compared to other tested compounds and showed comparable or better interaction profiles than the reference drugs. Detailed analysis of protein-ligand interactions showed that while reference drugs primarily formed hydrogen bonds, the aromatic compounds exhibited predominantly hydrophobic interactions, suggesting a distinct mechanism of inhibition. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated favorable drug-like properties for most compounds, particularly benzyl benzoate, with high gastrointestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier permeability. Although the investigated compounds showed higher acute toxicity than reference drugs, their LD50 values remained within acceptable ranges for therapeutic development. These findings suggest that aromatic compounds from ramulus cinnamomi, especially benzyl benzoate, represent promising candidates for developing new type 2 diabetes treatments through dual inhibition of AA and AG enzymes.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is currently the most widespread chronic liver condition, yet no approved pharmacological treatment. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 (PDK4) plays a crucial role in metabolism by inhibiting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, shifting cellular energy usage toward fatty acid oxidation. Saroglitazar, a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist, has shown promise in treating metabolic disorders, but its interaction with PDK4 remains unclear. In modern drug discovery, computational methods have become essential for speeding up research while minimising costs. Methods: The Study investigated the binding potential of Saroglitazar with PDK4 through structure-based virtual screening. Molecular docking predicted that Saroglitazar (CID-60151560) fits well within PDK4 active site. Subsequently, 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted using GROMACS and the CHARMM36 force field. Stability parameters such as RMSD, RMSF, hydrogen bonding, radius of gyration and binding free energies were analyzed. Active site residues were identified using the CDD server and BIOVIA Discovery Studio, with simulations performed in DESMOND. Result: Saroglitazar binds strongly and steadily to PDK4, showing binding energy of -91.05 kcal/mol and a high LibDock score of 141.465. Minimal structural deviations and favourable MM-PBSA calculations further supported its potential. Conclusion: Saroglitazar’s capacity to modulate PDK4 activity provides a biological foundation for its metabolic disease treatment.

Emerging research confirms that dietary choices significantly influence cognitive function and brain health across the lifespan. This review examines how specific nutrients and dietary patterns modulate neurobiological processes to enhance memory, learning, and neuroprotection while reducing dementia risk. Analysis of current evidence reveals that omega-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), optimize synaptic plasticity and reduce neuroinflammation, while B vitamins and antioxidants protect against age-related cognitive decline by mitigating oxidative stress and supporting neurotransmitter synthesis. The Mediterranean and MIND diets demonstrate particular efficacy, with studies showing 30-50% reductions in Alzheimer's disease risk among adherents. We explore the gut-brain axis as a critical pathway linking nutrition to cognition, where microbiome composition influences neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter production. The review also evaluates controversies surrounding nootropics and brain supplements, distinguishing evidence-based interventions from marketing claims. Practical implementation challenges are addressed, including socioeconomic barriers to accessing brain-healthy foods and strategies for overcoming them through meal planning and budget-conscious nutrition. Emerging innovations in personalized nutrition and AI-driven dietary recommendations show promise for optimizing cognitive outcomes. By synthesizing findings from neuroscience, nutrition, and preventive medicine, this review provides actionable insights for clinicians and individuals seeking to enhance cognitive resilience through dietary modification, while identifying key areas requiring further research to establish optimal nutritional protocols for brain health maintenance and neurodegenerative disease prevention.  

Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae), commonly known as the "miracle tree" or "drumstick tree," has garnered significant scientific interest due to its exceptional nutritional value and diverse medicinal properties. This comprehensive review examines the phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities of M. oleifera, synthesizing findings from traditional knowledge and contemporary scientific research. The plant contains a rich array of bioactive compounds including glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, sterols, and unique proteins [1,2]. These constituents contribute to its wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects [3,4]. Clinical studies support several traditional uses, though many require further validation through rigorous human trials [5]. This review critically analyzes the current state of knowledge, identifies research gaps, and suggests future directions for investigation to fully realize the therapeutic potential of this versatile plant. While M. oleifera shows promise as a sustainable source of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, standardization of extracts, quality control measures, and more extensive clinical research are needed to establish evidence-based applications in modern healthcare systems.  

In local areas, bus management is mostly manual, with different individuals responsible for tracking, monitoring, and reporting. The lack of standardized operational procedures leads to inefficiencies and inconsistent service delivery.  To address these challenges, a Real-Time Bus Tracking and Management System has been developed, incorporating modern technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Global Positioning System (GPS), and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), along with a Machine Learning-based Chatbot and Accident Zone Prediction mechanism. A GPS tracker embedded in each bus provides real-time location updates, while GSM modules ensure data transmission even in areas with poor internet connectivity Passengers can use their mobile app to view bus schedules, monitor live bus locations, and receive notifications regarding estimated arrival times and route deviations, improving their overall commuting experience. Additionally, the system incorporates a Machine Learning model to enhance commuter safety. By training a Support Vector Machine (SVM) on historical accident data, including area names, GPS coordinates, and incident frequency, the system identifies and predicts accident-prone zones. This allows for proactive route planning and risk mitigation by transport authorities. The integration of IoT, GPS, GSM, and AI components ensures a ccomprehensive solution for efficient, safe, and intelligent bus management in real-time.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that significantly impacts quality of life. Traditional treatments often include NSAIDs, corticosteroids and joint replacement. This article examines the potential role of homeopathy in managing osteoarthritis, focusing on its holistic approach, individualized remedies and potential benefits for symptom relief and disease progression. A 55-year-old patient came with complaint of severe pain in right knee joint and had been taking allopathy for 2 years without relief, pain subside temporarily by analgesic and quality of life day by day worsen. Patient case taking was done and also find out their KOOS Score which was 122, Individualised homoeopathic medicine was given and after 10 follow-ups we find that patient not only satisfied with knee mobility but also quality of life increased and, end result of Koos was 35 showing positive relationship between homoeopathic intervention and the outcome. This case proves the positive role of homoeopathy medicine intervention in management of OA of knee joint. 

Yava (Hordeum vulgare), commonly known as barley, is one of the most ancient cereals recognized in both Ayurveda and modern science. This review explores its botanical identity, Ayurvedic relevance, pharmacological and nutritional properties, and biomedical significance. Emphasis is placed on its role in managing lifestyle disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions, combining classical wisdom with modern research.