Background:Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant health issue, particularly among children in TB-endemic regions. Micronutrient deficiencies, such as zinc and selenium, may influence TB treatment outcomes. However, the relationship between these micronutrients and TB outcomes in children is not well-established in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the mean difference of zinc and selenium levels on TB treatment outcomes in children receiving treatment in Padang, Indonesia.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at the district level hospitals in Padang City, Indonesia, from April to October 2024. The study included children aged 1–14 years diagnosed with TB and receiving treatment. Serum zinc and selenium levels were measured using Chemiluminescent Immunoassay (ECLIA). The treatment outcomes were categorized as success (cured and completed treatment) or failure (death, treatment failure, or default).Results:Zinc levels were significantly lower in the failure group (71.61±8.18 ng/mL) compared to the success group (79.72±8.12 ng/mL) (P<0.05). Similarly, selenium levels were lower in the failure group (89.56±23.47 ng/mL) compared to the success group (115.09±17.86 ng/mL) (P<0.05).Conclusion:The study found a significant association between lower zinc and selenium levels and unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes in children. These findings suggest that addressing micronutrient deficiencies may play an important role in improving TB treatment outcomes in pediatric populations. Further research is needed to explore potential interventions to improve micronutrient status in TB patients.

The prevalence of anemia in children suffering from urinary tract infections with positive hematuria is very high. UTI is confirmed by a complete urine examination including macroscopic, chemical and microscopic examinations. Chemical examination can be carried out using the dipstick method, while urine microscopy involves looking at the image of the urine sediment. One of the parameters on the dipstick is blood. Examination with a reagent strip (dipstick) function to detect erythrocytes, free hemoglobin and myoglobin. So, the presence of erythrocytes, myoglobin or hemoglobin in the urine will give a positive result on the urine blood dipstick parameters, which means hematuria occurs. This is a cross-sectional analytical observational method, namely by comparing the results of blood urine examination using the dipstick method, with the results of the erythrocyte index and hemoglobin levels on the incidence of anemia in UTI patients. The results of the blood urine dipstick examination obtained the highest positive value of 3. The average values for Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC were respectively 10.9 g/dL, 83.3 fL, 28.5 pg, and 34.24%. The results of the Pearson correlation test obtained a degree of relationship of -0.363 which indicates a weak correlation. Blood urine is negatively related to the incidence of anemia (Hb levels), so that the higher the positive blood urine value, the lower the Hb value.

Dengue cases in Indonesia remain a significant public health concern, with incidence rates increasing over the years. The school environment, including lighting, humidity, temperature, and ventilation, plays a crucial role in the spread of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). This study aims to analyze the relationship between school environmental conditions and DHF incidence. This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 157 individuals selected using simple random sampling. Data collection was conducted from August to October 2023 using a validated questionnaire assessing school environmental conditions and DHF incidence. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square and logistic regression tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. School environmental factors significantly associated with DHF incidence included lighting (p = 0.008, PR = 1.82), humidity (p = 0.008, PR = 1.75), temperature (p = 0.045, PR = 1.498), and screen ventilation (p = 0.000, PR = 2.26). Logistic regression analysis identified humidity (OR = 7.16; 95% CI, 2.09-38.37) and ventilation (OR = 18.12; 95% CI, 3.36-56.70) as the most influential factors. The incidence of DHF is closely related to school environmental conditions. Preventive measures focusing on environmental cleanliness and improved ventilation could significantly reduce the risk of dengue transmission among school children.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health issue globally, with patient adherence to treatment being critical for successful outcomes.This study aimed to investigate the roles of family support and motivation in influencing adherence to TB treatment in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients at four health centers in Padang Municipality, Indonesia, between January and November 2024. A total of 125 respondents diagnosed with drug-sensitive TB and in the second stage of treatment participated. Data were collected through structured interviews using validated questionnaires, assessing family support, motivation, and treatment adherence. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the relationships between variables. The findings revealed significant relationships between family support and motivation (β = 0.931, t-value = 47.016, P<0.001), family support and adherence to TB treatment (β = 0.229, t-value = 2.743, P=0.006), and motivation and adherence to TB treatment (β = 0.775, t-value = 9.334, P<0.001). Family support and motivation play crucial roles in enhancing patient adherence to TB treatment. Strategies to strengthen family involvement and patient motivation should be integrated into TB control programs to improve treatment outcomes. Further research is recommended to explore additional factors influencing adherence in different contexts.

t has been over three years since the first case of covid-19 was discovered in Wuhan, China. Since then, there have been a lot of discussions around symptoms and sequelae of covid-19 such as respiratory, cardiac, and neurology problems. However, not a lot of attention has been drawn to skin manifestations of this disease despite the fact that the prevalence of covid-19 associated skin lesions could be as high as 20% in some countries (Tan et al., 2021)

Background:The ABO blood type is crucial in a number of illnesses, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and some communicable and non-communicable illnesses. However, there is currently little clear evidence between COVID-19 with ABO blood types. This study was, therefore, aimed to assess the association between ABO blood type and the mortality of patients infected with COVID-19 in a national referral hospital in Indonesia.Materials and Methods:This study used a retrospective cohort design. The research sample was COVID-19 patients who were in Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang. The number of samples in this study was 93 subjects. The Chi-square test was used in the data analysis. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21.0 program, and p<0.05 was considered significant.Results:The results of this study found the percentage of mortality of COVID-19 patients was higher for blood group O (46.2%), followed by AB (41.7%), B (26.3%), and A (13.9%). There was a relationship between blood type and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (p <0.05), where blood type O had the highest risk (OR = 5.31, 95% CI 1.57-17.98) followed by blood type AB (OR = 4.43, 95% CI 1.01-19.58).Conclusion:This study confirmed there was a relationship between blood type and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, where blood type O had the highest risk followed by blood type AB.

Background:This study investigated the efficacy of the essential oil (EO) of Syzgium aromaticum L. (clove) on the bacteria associated with otitis media.Materials and Methods:Ear swab samples were collected and bacteria isolated were identified using morphological and biochemical procedures. Essential oil was extracted from the dried flower buds using the hydro-distillation method while physicochemical and phytochemical analysis was done on the oil. Antibiotic susceptibility test and agar well diffusion was used to determine the susceptibility of the isolates to the EO. In – silico analysis was conducted to determine the drugable compound in the EO.Results:Phytochemical analysis of the oil indicated the presence of flavonoids, sterols, phenols, carbohydrates and alkaloids. Physicochemical test of the EO exhibited the presence of eugenol (80.98%) as the most abundant phytocompound. Percentage occurrence of the bacterial isolates are as follows; Proteus mirabilis (31.25%), Staphylococcus aureus (25%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.25%), Proteus vulgaris (3.12%), Moraxella catarrhalis (12.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.12%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (6.25%). Zones of inhibition were within the range of 11.5±0.71mm-23.0±2.83mm. In silico studies demonstrated that 16 out of 38 compounds identified passed the ADMET analysis. Various compounds had different binding energies, such as linalool, carvacrol for S. aureus (2NOJ), gamma-eudesmol, eudesmol for Proteus mirabilis (6H2L), eucalyptol, gamma-eudesmol and eudesmol for Proteus vulgaris (4MCX) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (4HBL).Conclusion:This study shows the potency of clove EO as an antibacterial agent and its component as potential lead molecules in drug development and design to combat multi – drug resistance.

Background: In contrast to most developed countries, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has continued to be a serious challenge to public health in the majority of resource-limited countries in Africa. Materials and method: A comprehensive review of all available literature reporting on antimicrobial resistance patterns, antimicrobial drug usage in both human and animals, as well as national AMR regulations in Somalia was undertaken. Results: The review observed that successful AMR control and surveillance among resource-poor nations are affected by a lack of infrastructural and institutional capacities, poor investment in human and material resources, as well as non-adherence to available policies. The humanitarian crisis affecting Somalia has persisted for too long, leading to loss of lives, productivity and dilapidation of public health infrastructures. Somalia like most countries has adopted the One Health approach in developing their soon-to-be gazetted National Action Plan on AMR, which covers both human health, animal health and the environment. Although

Background:The most common problem in forensic personal identification, particularly in paternity tests, is the availability of information originating from a mother or a father that can be used as a comparison in the forensic DNA examination process. The use of sibling analysis in paternity tests is still not widely known.Materials and methods:The respondents of this study were 25 families of the Madurese population with 6, 9, and 10 sibling pairs categorized as female-female, male-male, and male-female siblings. The kinship relationship was analyzed by using 13 STR CODIS loci technique (TPOX, D3S1358, FGA, D5S818, CSFIPO, D7S820, D8S1179, THOI, vWA, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11), and Amelogenin (Amel) x: 106bp,y: 112bp).Results:The results of DNA contents and purity examination of the extracted DNA sample showed that the average value of DNA contents was 675±5.35 ng/μL with a purity range of 1.05-1.86. The findings proved that the male-male siblings of the Madurese population had the highest allele sharing percentage at the loci of D13S317, D16S539, and D21S11. The highest allele sharing percentage for female-female siblings was at the loci of TPOX and D21S11. Meanwhile, the male-female siblings had the highest allele sharing percentage at the loci of TPOX, D5S818, vWA, D7S820, THO1, vWA, and D13S317.Conclusion:The main STR loci recommended in the male-female siblings of Madurese population identification are TPOX, D13S317, and D21S11.