This research was carried out for 3 months, namely from March 2023 to June 2023, located at the BPDAS-HL Palu-Poso Permanent Nursery, this study used the Complete Randomized Design method consisting of 4 treatments, namely P0 = 0%, P1 = 20%, P2 = 30% and P3 = 30%. The four treatments were repeated seven times, bringing the total sample to 28 experimental units. The parameters observed are the increase in seedling height, stem diameter and number of leaves. The data analysis used is fingerprint analysis (F test) fingerprint analysis shows that the best treatment, it will be continued with further tests, namely the BNJ test level of 5%. The results showed that the concentration treatment of liquid organic fertilizer made from gamal leaves had a real influence on the increase in height, stem diameter and number of leaves in arabica coffee seedlings. The best treatment in this study was 40% concentration treatment (P3) with an average seedling height of 15.27 cm, an average seedling stem diameter of 3.17 mm and an average number of seedling leaves of 12.28 strands and the results of BNJ fingerprint analysis with an average height of 5.59 cm, number of leaves of 1.2 strands and stem diameter of 0.88 mm.

The use of natural yeast such as sourdough is an alternative choice in making bread. Apart from using yeast to produce good white bread, the final proofing time also affects the characteristics of bread. This research aims to determine the effect of using natural sourdough yeast and the final proofing time on the physical properties of white bread. This research was conducted at the integrated food laboratory of the Agro-Industry. The research design used was a one-factor completely randomized design with the independent variable used, namely the percentage of use of 0% natural sourdough yeast (instant yeast) , 15%, 30%, 45% and combined with final proofing treatment lengths of 45 minutes, 90 minutes, 135 minutes, 180 minutes, to obtain 16 treatments which were repeated 3 times. Analysis testing uses ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with a significance level (P < 0.05) and SPSS 22 software. The results of the research show that the use of natural sourdough yeast and the long final proofing treatment have a significant effect on the physical quality of white bread in the form of dough riseability, porosity and softness of the bread. The use of natural sourdough yeast produced the highest value at the 45% level for the parameters of dough riseability of 58.631%, porosity of 54.851 pores and softness of white bread 154.262 mm/50g/10s. A good proofing time is 180 minutes resulting in a dough rising power of 62.905%, and 135 minutes for a porosity of 51.865 pores and softness of white bread 144.596 mm/50g/10s.

For the intensive development of beekeeping, the creation of new preparations is of particular importance, as they stimulate the growth of bee colonies and contribute to increased productivity. The research aims to assess the impact of the CobalRibo biostimulator (aqueous solution of hexamine cobalt (III) chloride and Rebaudioside A glycoside) on the growth of bee colonies, early developmental stages, and overall productivity. It has been determined that the optimal dose of the CobalRibo biostimulator for early spring bee feeding, in the absence of a maintenance nectar-pollen crop, is 3 ml/L of sugar syrup. Early spring bee feeding with a mixture of 50% sugar syrup and 3.0 ml/L of CobalRibo biostimulator, in a quantity of 1.0 L per bee colony, administered once every 6 days starting from April until the beginning of white acacia flowering, enhances queen prolificacy, promotes the growth of the number of capped brood, and increases honey yield. Pentru dezvoltarea intensivă a apiculturii, o deosebită importanță are elaborarea noilor preparate, care stimulează creșterea și contribuie la sporirea productivității albinelor. Scopul cercetărilor constă în evaluarea impactului biostimulatorului CobalRibo (soluție apoasă de clorură de hexamină de cobalt (III) și glicozida Rebaudioside A) asupra creșterii familiilor de albine, dezvoltării timpurii și productivității. S-a stabilit că doza optimă a biostimulatorului CobalRibo, administrat albinelor primăvară devreme în absența unei recolte nectaro-polenifere de întreținere, este de 3 ml/L sirop de zahăr. Alimentația albinelor cu un amestec de sirop de zahăr de 50% și cu 3,0 ml/L de biostimulator CobalRibo, în cantitate de 1,0 L per familie de albine, odată la 6 zile începând cu luna aprilie până la începutul înfloririi salcâmului alb, sporește prolificitatea mătcilor, favorizează creșterea numărului de puiet căpăcit și a producției de miere.

The Earth upward trend in average annual air temperatures has led to increased physical evaporation of water from soil and plant transpiration. This phenomenon raises questions about the adequacy of soil moisture reserves to support optimal plant growth under changing environmental conditions. In addition to precipitation, factors such as constanty updated sunflower varieties (hybrids), mineral nutrition, and irrigation techniques significantly impact sunflower yields. This study aims to assess the correlation between key climatic parameters in the Republic of Moldova and sunflower yield. Analyzing data on average annual air temperatures and spring moisture reserves from 2006 to 2020, it was found out that, on average, climatic conditions in this region ensure a sunflower yield of up to 20 quintals per hectare over a 15-year period. Knowing the spring reserves of productive moisture in the soil and precipitation levels from April to July allows for predictive modeling of sunflower yield. Тренд изменения среднегодовых температур воздуха является положительным, а их повышение увеличивает физическое испарение воды с почвы и транспирацию растений. В связи с этим актуально изучение вопроса, позволяют ли запасы продуктивной влажности почвы раскрыть потенциал растений в условиях критического земледелия. На урожайность подсолнечника, кроме осадков, влияют такие факторы как постоянно обновляемые сорта (гибриды), минеральное питание, орошение и другие элементы технологии. Цель наших исследований – изучение корреляции основных климатических условий Республики Молдова с урожайностью подсолнечника. Проанализированы данные среднегодовых температур воздуха и весенних запасов влаги за период 2006-2020 г.г. Установлено, что в среднем за анализируемые 15 лет климатические условия нашего региона могут обеспечить урожайность подсолнечника не выше 20 ц/га. Зная весенние запасы продуктивной влаги в почве и количество осадков за апрель-июль месяцы, можно прогнозировать урожайность подсолнечника.

This study addresses the use of hot water therapy, hot air therapy, and in vitro culture as additional techniques for eliminating viruses during the phytosanitary selection process of grapevines, aiming to produce healthy plants free from infectious agents. The findings detail the application of these methods to grapevine varieties such as Meleag and Codrinschii, in- fected with one or more virotic or bacterial pathogens, are presented, highlighting the successful generation of healthy plants after sanitation. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the positive im pact of these methods on reducing the time required to obtain phytosanitary clones, thereby enhancing the efficiency of phytosanitary selection in viticulture. The combination of thermotherapy and in vitro culture has proven to be effective in clearing grapevines of Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), and bacterial canker. Plants free from bacterial canker have been obtained from the Meleag variety, while grapevine plants free from GFLV and GFkV viruses have been successfully obtained from Codrinschii variety, facilitating the establishment of a mother plantation in the PREBASIC biological category. În studiul dat au fost abordate termoterapia cu apă fierbinte și termoterapia cu aer fierbinte, precum și cultura in vitro ca o tehnică suplimentară pentru eliminarea virusurilor în procesul de selecție fitosanitară a viței de vie pentru a obține plante sănătoase și lipsite de agenți infecțioși. Sunt prezentate rezultatele aplicării acestor metode în cazul unor soiuri de viță-de-vie precum Meleag și Codrinschii infectate cu unul s-au mai mulți agenți patogeni de etiologie virotică sau bacteriană, evidențiind succesul obținerii de plante sănătoase după asanare. De asemenea, se subliniază impactul pozitiv al acestor metode asupra scurtării perioadei de obținere a clonelor fitosanitare, contribuind astfel la îmbunătățirea procesului de selecție fitosanitară în tehnologia de obținere a clonelor sănătoase de viță-de-vie. Combinația dintre termoterapie și cultura in vitro s-a dovedit a fi eficientă pentru asanarea plantelor de virusurile GFkV, GFLV și cancerul bacterian. Au fost obținute plante libere de cancer bacterian din soiul Meleag și plante de viță-de-vie din soiul Codrinschii libere de virusurile GFLV și GFkV pentru înființarea plantației-mamă de categoria biologică PREBAZA.

This research aims to determine the effect of various types of organic fertilizer on the growth of agarwood seedlings (aquilaria malaccensis lamk). This research was conducted in August to November 2022. This study was conducted at Arboretum of the Faculty of Forestry. Tadulako University Palu. This research uses a complete random design (RAL) consisting of 3 treatments namely K1 (Control) K2 (DOAMI Organic Fertilizer) K3 (Gresik Organic Fertilizer). The results showed that the administration of various types of organic fertilizer had a significant effect on high increase and seedling diameter, but did not significantly affect the increase in the number of leaves. K2 treatment gives better results than other treatment. Average of seed height K1 = 4.5, K2 = 7.75 k3 = 6.75, the average increase in the diameter of the seedlings is K1 = 0.37 K2 = 0.72 k3 = 0.45. The average increase in the number of leaves of K1 = 6, K2 = 10.25, K3 = 7.75.

The study was carried out in a cherry plantation established in the spring of 2020 in the north of the country. The object of the research was the variety Grace Star at 4.2x1.8 m spacing and grafted on the rootstock Gisela 6. In order to study different secondary technical operations in cherry cultivation, an experiment was organized in spring 2021 with the following gradation: 1. Trees trained as a slender spindle (control); 2. Solitary incision above the buds and treatment of the cut with water; 3. Solitary incision above the buds and treatment of the cut with the growth regulator Progerbalin LG; 4. Circular incisions on the leader at 25-30 cm from each other and treatment of the cut with Progerbalin LG growth regulator; 5. Extirpation of 4-5 axillary buds from top to bottom of the leader while keeping a bud intact. Tree parameters, the number of branches, average and summed branch length, leaf area, branching angle of branches, the number of solitary flower buds and bunches of may were studied during the research. It was established that to increase the branching potential of the leader, when training cherry trees, solitary incisions above the buds and circular incisions at a distance of 25-30 cm on the leader should be applied and treatments of the cut should be performed with the growth regulator Progerbalin LG in the ratio one part of product to 8-10 parts of latex paint.

Based on the new generation sequencing method – pyrosequencing (Illumina), for the first time in Moldova, there were determined and described the metagenomic characteristics of the typical chernozem microbiome under different land use conditions. It was revealed that the prokaryotic community is represented by both domains, in particular, seventeen bacterial phyla (59.8%) and two phylum Archaea (6.2%), only nine phyla had an abundance above 1.0%: the archaeal phylum Thaumarchaeota and the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Acidobacteriota, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobiota, Planctomycetota, and Myxococcota. Phyla with a share of less than 1.0% preferred the conditions of experimental variants of crop rotations. A significant proportion were unclassified microorganisms, the abundance of which varied from 25.8 to 38.2% in spring and from 27.9 to 40.2% insummer. The conducted studies showed that the agrotechnical measures had a significant impact on the structure of the microbiome community of a typical chernozem.

The paper presents the synthesis of multiannual investigations concerning the development of inbred lines and early maize hybrids. 2874 sources were used over the period 1981-2020 for inbreeding and phenotypical selection, out of which 532 constant families were selected and were subject to preliminary assessment in terms of their production capacity, then transferred to the operational collection. The consequent testing resulted in the selection of 36 original lines used as parents of registered hybrids. At present, the related crosses – 56,7%, single cross hybrids – 31,6%, backcrosses – 11,4% and foreign hybrids – 0,3% are used as sources of initial material. The germplasm of alternative heterotic groups Reid Iodent – 40,1%, Euroflint – 28,9%, BSSS-B37 – 12,6%, Lancaster – 11,6%, Dent mixt – 4,0% and Dent canadian – 2,8% predominates in the lines’ pedigree. The heterotic patterns Reid Iodent x Euroflint and Reid Iodent x BSSS-B37 are mostly used for hybrid development. The production of commercial seeds for export is assured by 9 registered hybrids FAO 160-240 registered in Belarus. The hybrids Porumbeni 310, Porumbeni 305 and Alimentar 325 are used for cultivation in the Republic of Moldova.