To prevent crop losses from pathogens, new varieties with a broad genetic basis of group resistance should be introduced into the production process. The purpose of research was to describe the collection of soft winter wheat in terms of resistance to the most common diseases in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of ukraine. 1406 samples of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) From 33 countries were taken for research. The significant influence of the amount of precipitation and the level of hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) on the indicator of the number of susceptible samples of wheat to specific pathogens of soft winter wheat was established. Selection work has significantly influenced the creation of more stable varieties in recent years compared to the 70's of the twentieth century. The method of remote hybridization using foreign genes helps to obtain lines more resistant to specific pathogens of soft winter wheat. Creating a special collection of samples resistant to the most common diseases of soft winter wheat allows you to systematize the selection of parental lines on specific grounds.

Cryopreservation (storage at -196°C) is one of the techniques used for ex situ conservation to guarantee the long-term storage of different biological materials. Polypodium vulgare (Common polypody) is an evergreen fern used as food and medicine. To our knowledge, no cryopreservation protocol for gametophytes from this species is available. In this context, our paper aimed to screen a suitable cryopreservation protocol for P. vulgare - an important source of secondary metabolites. Different protocols were tested to identify a suitable cryopreservation protocol. Techniques like light microscopy and biochemical assays were used to certify an appropriate protocol for this fern. Gametophyte desiccation for 3 hours in the sterilized airflow before rapid immersion in liquid nitrogen provides sufficient dehydration to assure a good rate of survival.

The paper presents the results of application of the method of automatic generation of representative and unbiased set for in-season cotton crop mapping, based on crop simulation model, previously parameterized using ground truth and satellite data. The method provided confident mapping of cotton fields without using actual ground-truth information or a-priori information about their in-season phenology. Overall mapping accuracy calculated using relevant ground truth data for cotton fields has reached 95.6 %. Consideration of time series of NDVI values as a model of phase characteristics allowed using relatively simple criteria to identify typical representatives of the selected crop on the basis of analysis of their seasonal phenology and made it possible to build a reference sample for modeling and further classification.

The purpose of our study was to show the possibilities of a chemical supermutagen in the regular induction of certain types of mutations. Winter wheat dry seeds of eight varieties were acted with water (control) and DAB (1.4-bisdiazoacetylbutane) action in concentrations of 0.1%, 0.1%, 0.3%. Studies have shown that the use of this mutagen is expedient from the point of view of obtaining valuable forms of low-growing, earlyripening, late-ripening, high-yielding lines, forms with high productive tillering. The mutagen by its nature has a rather low affinity, at least for this group of genotypes, however, this factor still affects the frequency of some types of mutations. Even extreme concentrations of this mutagenic agent did not lead to a significant decrease in the number of mutations; however, they reached a maximum in the spectrum of possible changes. Further studies are needed on changes in photosynthetic activity and associated persistence.

Two aquatic plant species were subjected to this study: Hydrocharis laevigata synonym Limnobium laevigatum (Alismatales: Hydrocharitaceae) and Lagenandra meeboldii (Alismatales: Araceae). The paper presents first insight into the microscopic aspects of cross-sections made through root, petiole and leaves of in-vitro plant L. laevigatum and Lagenandra meeboldii ‘Red’ form, biological material purchased from the Romanian market of ornamental aquarium plants. Considering the invasive potential of South American spongeplant, already well documented for other European countries, this short survey draws attention to the danger represented by releasing decorative aquatic plants from aquarium as a factor involved in a possible future spreading of this species into natural environments.

This paper is based on a review of the state of the art related to conventional meat replacing process for future food. This review is based on assessment of 73 articles published between 2001-2023 in order to find the main reason that led to the need to replace meat of animal origin with various meat analogues from different sources. Another objective of this study is the identification of protein sources and nutritional value of meat analogues because this issue led to the new research agendas and industrial challenges. The review of the most relevant studies on how to obtain meat analogues, such as for example extrusion for plant-based meat analogue, open research horizons in improving the sensory and textural properties of plant-based meat analogues. Consumer behaviour of replacing animal meat with meat analogues and cultured meats is not an easy task, requiring in-depth studies and research, and the risk and benefits analysis of plant-based meat analogues. As in any new product development process, this study has also revealed the results related to consumer attitude research regarding meat analogues.

The rational and efficient management of land resources, in the frame of a sustainable agriculture and environment protection, have to be based on the operational, and at the same time, more detailed and accurate knowledge of soil resources. This knowledge is based on soil information obtained by carrying out soil surveys and field research, and by laboratory measurements of main soil physical and chemical parameters. Thus, the basic soil information, consisting primarily of data on soil profiles representative of the study areas is obtained. The objective of this paper is to develop several applications for coupling georeferenced data from Geographic Information System of Soil Resources SIGSTAR-200 with the information of soil profiles from the Soil Quality Monitoring Network 8 km x 8 km. The spatial distribution of existing soil profiles, as well as the distribution of soil types have been studied, and their representativeness is determined. IT applications have been developed to highlight the number of profiles consistent with the polygons containing them, or with the neighbouring polygons. The soil areas that are described by a profile from the soil profiles database (having a profile which is located inside the polygon) are also established.

The conservation of agrobiodiversity begins by its characterisation to know it. On this knowledge, we must study the interactions of the different species with their abiotic and biotic context. However, as a consequence of the effects of climate change, the abiotic context is variable and extreme. Therefore, abiotic stress induced by climate change jeopardises both the biodiversity and plant genetic resources, therefore, food security. The latter is more drastic in developing communities. Thus, given the predictions of the effects of climate change at different geographical levels, it is urgent to develop strategies that might improve the management of biodiversity and promote resilience against said effects. On the one hand, preserving and describing the agrobiodiversity allows us to identify the genetic material most appropriate under different abiotic contexts. On the other hand, plants, including crops, are not isolated species and develop in a very heterogeneous biotic context that can enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In this work, we review key concepts, threats, challenges, and strategies to improve agrobiodiversity management.

The study aims to help rethink the future of food systems and food security in context of lessons learned from COVID-19 pandemic as global challenge from a qualitative perspective. The pandemic disrupted global food systems that were already at risk to many threats such as climate change, natural resources degradation, extreme weather events, regional conflicts, low productivity, high population growth, and economic slowdown. The paper uses qualitative perspective to analyse COVID-19 effects on food systems and food security, identifies ways to establish resilient and sustainable food systems, and presents a roadmap to achieving a food-secure world by 2030. The findings indicates that the COVID-19 impacted the cash flow at both local and international levels and the financial state of producers, and agri-businesses causing low productivity, limited market accessibility, loss of employment, increased health costs, increased poverty levels, malnutrition, and deaths. Building sustainable and resilient food systems requires; supporting small-medium sized enterprises, strengthening international markets, technological innovations, promoting shorter and more diversified food value chains, and supporting small-scale farmers and rural women is inevitable.

The grape surface hosts a complex community of yeast Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces species responsible for spontaneous alcoholic fermentation in wine industry. The yeast strains used for this study were isolated from ‘Tămâioasă Românească’ and ‘Busuioacă de Bohotin’ grape varieties from Pietroasa vineyard, and the isolates were identified through a molecular method. Identification of yeast strains through the BLASTn analysis of the 5.8S-ITS region revealed that PFE5 strain showed the best sequence match to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (98% similarity) and PFE15 strain to Starmerella bacillaris (99.78% similarity), respectively. In this first micro-pilot study, the differences between Sacharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts in batch (for Starmella bacillaris) and fed-batch fermentation system (for S. cerevisae) and how these regimes influence the culture growth were assessed. The applied fed-batch process was capable for producing two times more S. cerevisae yeast biomass than Starmella bacillaris through a batch process. In addition, the yield of S. cerevisiae converting the substrate into biomass was 42.3%, almost double compared to the yield of Starmella bacillaris. Moreover, the cell wet weight (WCW) for S. cerevisae was 32.5 g/L and for Starmella bacillaris 15.35 g/L, respectively. Both yeast biomass will be used at Pietroasa winery for inoculation separately or mixed as co-culture for ‘Tămâioasă Românească’ and ‘Busuioacă de Bohotin’ grape juice.