Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin deficiency or dysfunction.This study aimed to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of a mixture of extracts from "Trigonella foenum-graecum", "Vaccinium arctostaphylos", "Silybum marianum", "Urtica dioica", "Melissa officinalis", and "Citrullus colocynthis" in a diabetic rat model, as well as to evaluate potential liver complications associated with this extract. Methods:In this experimental study, thirty male Wistar rats were rendered diabetic through intraperitoneal administration of alloxan )60 mg/kg(.One week postinduction, diabetic rats were randomly assigned to five groups of six.The negative control group received distilled water via gavage, the positive control group received metformin )100 mg/kg(, and three experimental groups received daily gavage of the plant extract mixture at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg, respectively.After 30 days of treatment, blood samples were collected from the tail to assess fasting blood sugar )FBS( and liver biomarkers.Subsequently, the rats were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine, and liver tissue was prepared for histopathological evaluation using hematoxylin-eosin staining and light microscopy. Results:The extract at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg significantly reduced FBS and hpp2 levels.However, the 600 mg/kg dose resulted in a significant increase in liver enzymes and induced liver tissue damage. Conclusion:The mixture of plant extracts demonstrated an anti-diabetic effect at a dosage of 300 mg/kg without toxic effects on the liver.These findings suggest potential therapeutic benefits of the extract in managing diabetes while highlighting the need for caution at higher dosages.

Introduction: Today, the issue of staff empowerment is more in focus than before because empowering behaviors in hospitals can lead to progress in the field of health care.Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of providing an empowerment model for midwives working in the maternity ward of Tehran teaching hospitals.Method: Data were collected based on the combined exploratory research approach in two parts: qualitative (based on foundation data) and quantitative (based on crosssectional survey method).In the qualitative section, 30 specialists and experts in gynecology and midwifery and educational management were selected by purposive sampling and in the quantitative section, 403 midwives working in the maternity ward of Tehran educational and medical centers were selected by stratified cluster sampling method.The data collection tool was structured in the qualitative part of the interview and researcher-made in the quantitative part.Data analysis in the qualitative part was analyzed by open, axial and selective coding and in the quantitative part by mean indices and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results:The results of coding based on the data method of the foundation led to the identification of 58 items, 12 components and 4 dimensions including: individual, group, organizational and environmental.

An organization needs to effectively communicate its performance results to distinguish itself. This not only helps attract necessary resources but also addresses any challenges that may arise. In the context of the intense work environment within health organizations and numerous monitoring and inspection bodies, it is essential to empower health system managers and employees. Their active involvement in evaluating performance and disseminating health program results is crucial to the process.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disease with mild memory loss that eventually leads to the loss of the ability to conduct conversation and react to the environment.Despite the proven role of the drugs used against the obvious causes of Alzheimer's disease, it still seems impossible to achieve an effective and permanent treatment for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.So, investigating different angles of GABAergic system signaling can be introduced as a promising target for the development of anti-Alzheimer drugs. Materials and Methods:To induce Alzheimer's disease, the -amyloid toxin at a dose of 5g/l was injected bilaterally into the hippocampus of Wistar male rats, and the rats were then treated with bilateral injection of GABA-A receptor agonist (muscimol) and antagonist (bicuculline), at a dose of 100 ng/l/side in the hippocampus for 4 days.To assess the spatial memory of the animals, the parameters of the distance traveled by the animals, latency time to reach the hidden platform, and velocity of the animals were analyzed in Morris water maze test. Findings:The distance traveled and the latency time to reach the hidden platform increased in the Morris water test following the injection of beta-amyloid, and the muscimol increased the amount of this memory impairment.The injection of bicuculline could not significantly change the spatial memory of the animals. Conclusion:The results of this study indicate the destructive effect of beta-amyloid toxin on spatial memory, as well as the destructive role of muscimol in memory consolidation and retrieval.

Background: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-oriented schema therapy on death anxiety in nurses with obsessive-compulsive personality traits.Methods: This research was practical and semi-experimental (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up) with a control group.The statistical population was nurses working in social security hospitals from 2021.The statistical sample consisted of 13 people in the experimental group and 13 people in the control group from nurses working in the Corona department, who had an average score on the personality questionnaire of the fifth diagnostic statistical guide and Templer's death anxiety.Experiment and control (13 people in each group) were randomly assigned.Templer's death anxiety scale was used to measure the research variable in the pre-and post-treatment stages.The experimental group was treated with emotional schema therapy for 10 sessions of 120 minutes.The control group did not receive treatment.At the end of the treatment period, the post-test was performed.The data were analyzed with the help of SPSS-24 software and by the variance analysis method with repeated measurements. Result:The results of the analysis showed that this therapeutic intervention reduces the death anxiety of nurses with obsessive-compulsive personality traits working in the Corona ward.P > 0.01 Conclusion: emotional schema therapy intervention can be one of the effective treatment strategies to improve the death anxiety of nurses with obsessive personality traits.Therefore, holding training courses in this field is recommended.

Introduction: Brain injury is a prevalent problem in emergency department.Assessing traumatic brain injury )TBI( usually needs imaging, of them Computed Tomography scaning )CT scan( is very useful for detecting brain pathology in these patients.On the other hand in mild TBI patients, CT imaging may be used without indication which leads to over use and unnecessary harm to patients and also waste of resources.Due to the lack of data in Iran, the study aimed to assess the compatibility of Brain CT Scans with valid guidelines criteria in mild traumatic brain injury patients in emergency department of Madani medical education center in Karaj.Material and methods:A cross-sectional design study were used to assess compatibility of CT scans with different guidelines.A convenient sample of patients with mild TBI who referred to the emergency department of Madani medical education center and had underwent CT scan, entered the study.Patients with other accompanying injuries excluded from the study.Demographic data, mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms of patients were gathered using a check list.Indications for doing CT scans in adults were checked using Neworleans and Canadian guidelines.PECARN guideline also used for children.Data analyzed using SPSS software.Results:267 patients with the mean age of 35.13 (22.502) years were evaluated.168 (62.9 % ( patients were male and 99 )37.1 % ( were female.35 )13.1 % ( patients according to PECARN+Neworleans guidelines and 127 (47.6 % ( patients according to PECARN+Canadian guidelines did not have any indication.Only 14 (5.2 % ( patients had abnormal CT findings.All of them had indications of performing CT scan.It could be estimated that 43 or 157 thousand brain CT scan are performed without indication, which result in wasting more than 23 or 84 billion rials of health system budget. Conclusion:The results of this study indicate the use of valid guideline criteria reduce unnecessary brain CTs, thus preventing the loss of cost, time, man power and depreciation of devices and also causes reduction of disease caused by the complication of CT scan radiation.

Introduction: Labour child is defined as a child who is employed between the ages of 5-17 years and is deprived of the education , training and physical activities necessary for growth that other children benefit from them. Currently, the number of these children is decreasing in developed countries, but it has been increasing in developing countries such as Iran. Due to the unfavorable living conditions these children are prone to contracting various infectious diseases. Such as Bacterial or Parasitic intestinal infections . the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of intestinal bacterial in labour children of(Karaj city,Iran) in order to diagnose and treatment them. Methods: 200 labour or working children were included in the study ,stool samples were collected from them, and intestinal pathogens were examined by direct culture and direct smear method. In 35 samples, E.coli prevailed, in 27 samples klebsiella prevailed and in 10 samples salmonella prevailed, also by using E.coli antisera it was determine that the number of EPEC serovar was 15 including: E.coli polygroupI(O26,O55,O111) 7cases،E.coli polygroupII (O86,O127) 3cases،E. coli polygroupIII (O125,O126 ,O128) 3 cases ,E.coli polygroup IV (O20 ,O114) 2 cases and STEC (O157H7) 4 cases. Living on the street can expose working children to many social harms and various diseases ,according to the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the samples found from working children.

Protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Passiflora caerulea aerial parts against lipid dysfunction induced by cadmium chloride in male rats