This paper explores the role trait social courage has in psychologically unsafe team environments, specifically examining its impact on voice and leadership emergence. Using a sample of undergraduate students engaged in a semester long team business simulation, surveyed at multiple time points and with multiple raters, we found support that trait social courage is activated under conditions of low psychological safety, resulting in voice behaviors. Further, voice was related to perceptions of leadership emergence. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

This study examines the impact of forecast information quality on supply chain performance in the context of the Palestinian territories. A sample of 200 firms were involved in this research that used path analysis and structural equation modeling to analyze the survey data. The constructs of preventive costs and corrective costs pertaining to inventory management were tested as the mediating variable between forecast information quality and perfect order index, a surrogate measure for supply chain performance. The results support the hypotheses that both the forecast information quality and the corrective and preventive inventory actions have a positive significant impact on the perfect order index while the results did not support the mediating role of the preventive and corrective inventory. The discussion about the need for preventive and corrective inventory management in spite of high forecast information quality provides insights for supply chain management in companies operating in other volatile and turbulent regions around the world.

Economic sanctions engender the disturbance of financial transactions between the sanctioner and the targeted nations. The Russia-Ukraine war also restricted Russia's entry into financial and commodity markets, with reverberating effects on the global market. Hence, the study aims to elucidate the relationship between armed conflicts and economic sanctions enforced by the G7 nations, the crude oil market, and its corresponding volatility index, OVX. It seems that heightened levels of ambiguity, conflict, nervousness, and hostility have contributed to an increase in the fluctuation of the energy market, leading to an extreme response to economic sanctions. Our findings reveal that financial restrictions imposed by Australia, Japan, the UK, and the USA have led to higher uncertainty and increased volatility in the oil market. The news variable War exhibits higher volatility compared to Crude oil and Recession in the media press. The war-induced uncertainty has shown a significant impact on the oil volatility.

The paper investigates the impact of minimum wage increase on college enrollment in the U.S. using a panel of 50 U.S. states during the period 2009-2018. By examining the impact of minimum wage on college enrollment, particularly within different types of post-secondary institutions, our study adds to the existing literature. This is a departure from previous research, which predominantly concentrated on two-year college enrollment. We find evidence that raising minimum wages adversely affects overall college enrollment. However, the results vary depending on the type of colleges. The increase in minimum wage has a negative impact on the enrollment of two-year colleges, while positively affecting the enrollment in four-year public colleges. We use state level aggregated data and estimate our results using a System Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM) to account for endogeneity concerns surrounding the minimum wage and college enrollment.

Informal case applications often enhance our understanding of an economic principle’s breadth of import in everyday life, as well as whether the principle may be acknowledged and used in a manner that facilitates decision-making of businesses and consumers. The present study contributes to the case study literature by extending the work of others on the economics of the classic television sit-com, Seinfeld. More specifically, our extension focuses on several law and economics concepts, particularly concepts related to product liability, included in the sit-com that are of particular interest to businesses and consumers.

A litany of data artifacts, including the possibility of source data drift, lack of generalizability, and imprecise risk categories, all weaken—and may even impugn—estimates of a firm's economic frailty when using the Altman Z-score as a formulaic measure of risk in business litigation. These limitations constitute potential veto points which may be exploited by opposing counsel in court proceedings. We offer two possibly complementary approaches to obtaining estimates of the probability of a firm’s likelihood of business failure. To illustrate these approaches, we use the case study data in O'Haver (1993) and Local Outlier Probabilities (Breunig et al., 2000; Kriegel et al., 2009) and PRIDIT (Brockett, et al., 2002; Lieberthal, 2008) to first order the outcomes in terms of a numeric score. Once ordered, the scores represent either probability-of-insolvency measure or an insolvency ranking. We then map the scores onto bivariate classes using Fisher-Jenks clustering. Each algorithm’s accuracy is obtained by comparing its predictions of either failure of viability to those of the labeled data in O'Haver (1993). Both procedures are sound and with equal accuracy to the original discriminant analysis featured in O'Haver (1993). We hold that these competing approaches are capable of navigating opposing counsel objections. Importantly, our approach also falls well within the interpretability criteria demanded by the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) and other regulations taking aim at black-box algorithms.

Over the past two decades, more than 11,000 U.S. counties have been impacted by natural disasters. This study investigates how banks and their depositors respond to such events using a difference-in-difference-in-differences (DDD) methodology combined with coarsened exact matching (CEM). Analyzing 1.3 million observations from 1999 to 2017, we find that natural disasters lead to a significant increase in deposit rates but do not affect the volume of deposits. Our findings suggest that banks raise deposit rates to counteract the potential withdrawal of funds, thereby maintaining stable deposit levels. This research provides new insights into the causal dynamics of deposit supply and demand in the face of natural disasters.

This paper examines the effects of economic uncertainty (idiosyncratic vis-à-vis common uncertainty) on equity, bond and housing returns across both developed and developing countries. Building on International/Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model (ICAPM), we find that economic uncertainty exerts negative effects on equity, bond and housing returns. When we decompose economic uncertainty into two parts: idiosyncratic and common economic uncertainty, we find that ‘idiosyncratic uncertainty’ affects equity, bond and housing returns more negative and pronounced than ‘common’ uncertainty, where investors do not demonstrate differences in responses to the different dimensions of uncertainty. Moreover, there are weak lagged effects of economic uncertainty on asset returns. Additionally, we find negative uncertainty premium for equity more persistently in bullish rather than bearish market conditions. Our results are also robust for low frequency data and inclusion of covid period in the analysis. Our findings have implications for policy makers in both developed and emerging markets regarding clear communication of economic policies.

We examine the impact of the global component of sentiment on the price return and volatility of 25 major futures market indices across the globe, during the Covid-19 pandemic. The global component of sentiment causes investor overreactions. These overreactions accelerate the fall in prices and contribute to the rising volatility levels. The futures prices revert, though gradually, to their fundamental values as information from more reliable sources becomes available. This leads to price recovery and lower volatility levels.