Objectives: Approximately 58.5 million Americans in their thirties and forties have some form of postsecondary education; however, health risk behaviors remain disproportionately concentrated among those with lower educational attainment. In this study, we examine and decompose disparities in adult health lifestyles by level of postsecondary education, identifying the underlying social and economic factors contributing to these differences. Methods: We drew data from Waves I (1995) and V (2018) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). We analyzed a composite health behavior index, capturing binge drinking, smoking, marijuana use, physical activity, nutrition, and body mass index, using Poisson regression models and Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition techniques. Explanatory factors include demographic characteristics, parental background, social context, economic well-being, and employment characteristics. Results: Economic well-being explained the largest share of the disparities in health behaviors by postsecondary education. Demographics, parental background, and social context also contributed significantly. However, after controlling for personal and household income, employment characteristics did not account for a notable portion of the observed behavioral disparities. Conclusions: Disparities in adult health lifestyles related to postsecondary education are mainly caused by structural socioeconomic factors. Addressing these underlying factors may be essential to reducing behavioral inequalities linked to educational attainment.

Background: In Indonesia, there is a lack of sustainable HRM practices due to which healthcare workforce experiences hurdles in performing their work effectively. The sustainability of HRM practices depends upon perceived organizational support (POS), which is also eroded by factors like lack of managerial support and erratic policies, undermining the effectiveness of HR initiatives. Objective: The present study scrutinizes the effectiveness of sustainable HRM practices in augmenting employee well-being, with perceived organizational support serving as an intermediary pathway. It examines explicitly whether perceived organizational support operates as a catalytic mechanism to increase the effectiveness of sustainable HR interventions in the context of employee well-being. Methods: The study adopted a quantitative, survey-based approach to collect data from Indonesian healthcare organizations. Since the study analyzes the relationship from the employee perspective, a sample size of 400 employees was drawn comprising clinical, administrative, and support staff from different levels. For data analysis, the study employed PLS-SEM modeling to analyze direct and mediating effects. Results: Findings echo that sustainable HRM practices such as adaptive work structures, health and well-being initiatives, and supportive leadership principles significantly improve employee well-being. However, given the positive and significant mediation effect, it is evident that the effects are amplified when the POS path is prioritized. Therefore, perceived organizational support is a pivotal intermediary path, facilitating organizations to successfully translate human resource practices into tangible improvements in employee well-being outcomes. Conclusion: Results highlight that improving perceived organizational support within Indonesian healthcare organizations can subdue employee stress, enhance their satisfaction level, and improve their overall well-being through sustainable HRM practices, ultimately leading to better patient care quality. With these findings, the study advances knowledge of HRM-driven well-being frameworks and offers practical solutions to infuse HRM-POS strategies into healthcare management.

Objectives: When exploring the formation mechanisms of subjective care preferences among the elderly, urban-rural differences emerge as a critical factor, the study attempts to examine the factors influencing subjective care preferences among China's elderly population and the urban-rural differences. Methodology: A statistical regression analysis of data from the 2020 Chinese Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) was conducted. Findings: The findings reveal that the subjective care preferences of the elderly in China are significantly influenced by social networks, with marked differences between urban and rural areas. Specifically, elderly individuals with well-developed social networks are more likely to prefer self-care, spousal care, or shared care, whereas those with underdeveloped social networks tend to opt for government, social, or children's care. Furthermore, elderly individuals with agricultural hukou (rural registration) are more inclined to choose self-care, while those with non-agricultural hukou (urban registration) favor self-care, spousal care, or shared care. Additionally, the influence of social networks on subjective care preferences is stronger among elderly individuals with agricultural hukou compared to those with non-agricultural hukou. Implications: These findings have significant implications for the development and optimization of integrated urban-rural elder care policies. Policymakers should recognize the role of social networks in shaping care preferences among the elderly.

Objective: To investigate the health education in postpartum care of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients. Methods: The comparison of health behavior scores, blood glucose levels, nutritional status, and family caregiver satisfaction between the two groups on the day before discharge, at 2 weeks postpartum, and at 4 weeks postpartum. Results: At 4 weeks postpartum, the observation group was found carrying health behavior score significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Prior to discharge, however, no significant differences were found in both the groups (P < 0.05) in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2−hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). However, at 4 weeks postpartum, FPG, 2hPG, and HbA1c had significantly decreased in the observation group in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). At 2 and 4 weeks postpartum, total cholesterol and higher albumin and transferrin levels also reduced in the observation group in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). The caregiver’s satisfaction was significantly higher in the observation group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Health education combined with balanced diet therapy can effectively improve the nutritional status, control blood glucose levels, and enhance family caregiver satisfaction in postpartum patients with gestational diabetes. This approach is worth promoting and applying in clinical practice.

Objectives: In this study, we investigate the implementation of positive behavior support (PBS) for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Saudi Arabia, focusing on the current practices and expectations of specialists. With a prevalence rate of 1 in 40 children diagnosed with ASD in Riyadh, the research highlights the critical need for effective behavior support strategies. Methods: Utilizing a qualitative approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 ASD specialists at the Prince Mohammed bin Salman Center for Autism and Developmental Disorders. To achieve data saturation, we applied a purposive sample of 12 child specialists with ASD. We analyzed data using thematic analysis. Results: Practitioners lack formal knowledge of PBS despite applying its principles. Participants emphasized the importance of proactive measures, individualized interventions, and collaboration among families and professionals. Conclusion: Enhanced training and community awareness of PBS are essential for improving outcomes for children with ASD, alongside recommendations for further research to better understand and implement PBS in the region. Greater awareness of PBS among families who have children with ASD is needed. We recommend drawing the attention of directors of centers handling ASD to advocate for further research on the use of PBS for children with ASD.

Background: An increased number of chronic diseases in China has caused a major public health concern, requiring solution-focused approaches towards their prevention and management. Physical activity has been identified as an effective method to enhance physical fitness and control chronic diseases. Objective: This paper aims at establishing the relationship of physical activity and chronic disease management with an emphasis on mediating roles of physical fitness improvement and health behavior change. Methods: The participants for the study comprised 600 diagnosed chronic diseases adult patients from major hospitals and health centers in Hunan. The purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data from those patients who were physically active in the process of managing their diseases. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the collected data using IBM SPSS AMOS software. Results: The findings reveal that physical activity significantly impacts physical fitness improvement, health behavior change, and chronic disease management. Physical fitness improvement and health behavior change has positive association with chronic disease management. Conclusion: Physical fitness improvement and health behavior change also found to have significant mediation effect on the relationship between physical activity and chronic disease management. The study recommends that healthcare providers should focus on increasing physical activity and provide specific physical fitness interventions to adopt appropriate behavioral changes that can improve chronic disease status and reduce healthcare costs.

Aim: This study intends to control aggressive health behaviors in children with craniocerebral damage and assess the impact of behavioral and environmental health therapies on neuroplasticity. Methodology: Two groups were formed out of 68 children with traumatic brain injuries (TBI), one with conventional medical treatment and another with an intervention incorporating specific environmental and behavioral change. The intervention aimed to promote neuroplasticity and control aggressive behavior after damage. Results: Evaluations of outcomes included cognitive and motor function scores (GCS), quality of life (SF-36), and neuroimaging (NIHSS, Fugl-Meyer). Moreover, under close observation were hostile actions and surgical errors. The intervention group exhibited clearly higher neuroplasticity, less aggressive behaviors, and improved cognitive and motor performance than the general care group with a p-value less than 0.05. Along with a lower incidence of rebleeds and infection, the intervention group scored better in quality of life and controlled aggression. Interventions in behavioral and environmental health help children with TBI have better neuroplasticity, control of aggressiveness, and results of rehabilitation. Conclusion: It is recommended that these operations should be used widely in clinical practice since they surpass standard therapy.

Objectives: Health behavior of doctors makes direct impact on their capability to serve patients. This study explored factors and the nexus between them that can avoid developing negative health behavior among teachers. It examined the impact of perfectionism, thriving at work, and competitive work environment through mediation of workaholism and moderating effect of anxiety. Method: Quantitative research methodology guided this study. The data was collected from the Chinese teachers through self-administered survey using purposive sampling. Response rate of study was 56.28%. Results: The findings of study shows that perfectionism, thriving at work, and competitive work environment have significant effect on workaholism. Moreover, the results also supported mediating role of workaholism and moderating effect of anxiety in making significant impact on negative health behavior. Conclusion: The findings underscore the vital role of factors like perfectionism, thriving at work, and competitive work environment to develop workaholism and avoid negative health behavior among Chinese teachers.

Over 70% of adults in the United States are overweight or obese. Weight loss is often recommended to improve overall health and risk of disease. However, weight regain is common and diminishes initial health improvements. Mindfulness-based interventions are a novel approach to mitigating weight regain. In this study, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of a mindfulness intervention to prevent weight regain in weight-reduced adults. Women (age: 40.2±10.8; BMI: 28.3±4.3) who achieved 7% reduction in body mass within the previous 2 months were enrolled in an 8-week mindfulness intervention (N=10). Body mass, body composition, and appetite traits (via the Three-Factor Eating Inventory) were assessed at baseline and 8-weeks. Satisfaction was assessed at the conclusion of the intervention. Retention, adherence, and satisfaction with content, meetings, and weight loss maintenance (measured via Likert Scale) were favorable (70% retention; 89.3±13.4% attendance; satisfaction: 9.25±1.5; 9.25±1.5; 9.5±1, respectively). Additionally, weight loss was maintained following the 8-week mindfulness intervention (-0.04 ± 3.3% weight change). Lastly, dietary restraint (pre: 11.7±4.1; post: 12.7±4.5), disinhibition (pre: 6.3±4.4; post: 6.6±4.8), and hedonic hunger (pre: 3.7±2.6; post: 2.9±3.8) were stable. Mindfulness interventions are feasible and potentially efficacious approaches for short-term weight loss maintenance. Future trials that include matched controls and longer-term follow-up are needed.