This study examined the mental health outcomes of a diverse group of 549 individuals experiencing discrimination based on their multiple subordinate identities: ethnicity/race, religion, nativity, and sexual orientation. Applying an intersectionality framework, the findings provide an understanding of the impact of discrimination and racism on minority groups' mental health within the heterosexual and Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) context. Significant differences were found on levels of discrimination and racism across ethnic, racial, sexual, and gender minority groups, particularly among Muslim/Jewish, Arab/African, male, and foreign-born participants. Results suggest that subordinate identities and statuses shape the racism and discrimination experiences of the participants. The paper concludes with a discussion of practice and policy implications. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Transforming communities to be healthier and more equitable prosents a systemic challenge best addressed by those with native knowledge of the system. Community coalitions are a promising structure for tackling local health inequities, if they approach the change process with multiple local stakeholders and with systemic change in mind. Maturity models offer a framework for system assessment by defining sequential stages toward ideal development. Providing coalitions with a structure for self-assessing community change, the Community Transformation Map (CTM) is a maturity model that operationalizes concepts hypothesized to foster systemic change. This 40-item tool encourages self-assessment, dialogue, and reconciliation of community transformation priorities via an appreciative inquiry process. The CTM was created and applied with 18 community coalitions participating in the 100 Million Healthier Lives initiative. It was iteratively drafted with representatives from across the initiative. These coalitions self-administered the CTM four times over 24 months. Coalitions used the CTM to reconcile perspectives, identify priorities, and create transformation action plans. After the fourth administration, ten semistructured interviews were conducted with coalition members. Thematic analysis revealed good contextual validity. Coalitions saw value in the CTM's productive dialogue and the shared understanding it created, but reported perceived burden in conducting repeated administration. The CTM's value is in structuring community members' reflection on complex, systemic problems. The CTM is rooted in international improvement and change principles and continues to be adapted for other change initiatives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

There has been a call for increased attention to experiences of sociocultural contexts and their role in mental health and help-seeking among specific subgroups of Asian Americans (Leong, Park, & Kalibatseva, 2013). In particular, as suggested by the integrative contextual framework of minority youth development (García Coll & Marks, 2012), racial minority adolescents and emerging adults develop identity and psychological well-being through their experiences within multiple contexts. Guided by this perspective, the present study examined the role of specific developmental and contextual factors (e.g., acculturation-based intergenerational family conflict and ethnic identity) on depressive and anxiety symptoms and help-seeking attitudes among Chinese American college students. One-hundred and 73 Chinese American college students (132 women and 36 men) from various geographic regions in the U.S. completed a series of questionnaires administered online, assessing acculturation-based intergenerational family conflict, ethnic identity, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and help-seeking attitudes. The findings indicated that the seriousness of acculturation-based intergenerational family conflict and the commitment dimension of ethnic identity were associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Additionally, the exploration dimension of ethnic identity was associated with less favorable attitudes toward seeking help from mental health professionals. There was no association between acculturation-based intergenerational family conflict and help-seeking attitudes. The findings underscore the importance of developing culturally informed interventions that attend to the intensity of family conflict and one's sense of connection to ethnic community in the college context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Compared to heterosexual individuals, sexual minorities exhibit elevated risk for depression and borderline personality disorder (BPD). One psychosocial factor relevant to sexual minority mental health is outness, or the degree to which an individual discloses or conceals their sexual orientation. Previous findings are mixed regarding whether outness is associated with better or worse mental health, likely because outness can have positive consequences (e.g., social support) and negative consequences (e.g., discrimination). Support exists for both mechanisms, but previous studies have not simultaneously considered how outness may be related to mental health outcomes in different ways through social support versus discrimination. The present study examined: (a) the association between outness and depressive symptoms, (b) the association between outness and BPD symptoms, and (c) the indirect effects of outness on depressive/BPD symptoms through social support and discrimination. A total of 256 sexual minority participants completed an online or in-person survey. Greater outness was associated with lower depressive symptoms and BPD symptoms. There was an indirect effect of outness on depressive symptoms through social support, with greater outness being associated with greater social support and, in turn, lower depressive symptoms. Outness had an indirect effect on BPD symptoms through both social support and discrimination. Greater outness was associated with both greater social support and discrimination, with greater social support being associated with lower BPD symptoms, and greater discrimination with greater BPD symptoms. Outness may contribute to mental health through multiple mechanisms, serving as either a risk or protective factor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Sibling victimization is associated with adjustment problems. Protective factors that reduce the detrimental effects of sibling victimization are unknown. We examined the mediating role of social support from family and friends in the relationship between sibling victimization and adolescents' mental health distress, self-esteem, and delinquency. A telephone survey (N = 850; 49% female) was conducted with a nationally representative sample of United States adolescents (Aged 10 to 17). Three mediation models were tested exploring (a) the unique effects of family and friend support, (b) the relative effects of each type of support, and (c) the effects of total support (family and friend support summed). The three models demonstrated partial mediation of adolescents' mental health and self-esteem. Family and total support, but not friend support, partially mediated the relationship between sibling victimization and delinquency. Findings showed that family and friend social support, in combination and sometimes uniquely, reduced the adverse effects sibling victimization associated with adolescents' mental health, self-esteem, and delinquency. Efforts aimed at promoting social support from family and friends as protective factors may reduce the risk of sibling victimization experiences for adolescent well-being difficulties. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Supervised access services (SAS) allow parents who represent a risk for their children or for the other parent to maintain contact with or exchange custody of their children in the presence of a third person. Even though these services have been designed in the children's best interest, few studies have, until now, documented the evolution in the parents' and children's adjustment or in the quality of the relationships between the family members throughout the services. To better understand this evolution, a longitudinal study comprising 3 time measures was conducted with 96 parents who were beginning the services. Although the results revealed that the children's evolution was stable all throughout the service trajectory, further analyses showed that the school-age children, and more particularly the boys, experienced a high level of difficulty. Furthermore, the study showed that the parents' evaluation of their children's adjustment differed according to whether or not the parent had to see the child in a supervised context. Finally, we observed that the evolution of the children's adjustment was correlated with the parents' psychological distress, the quality of the parent-child relationship, and conflict between the parents, all processes that did not have a tendency to improve throughout the service trajectory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Immigration comes with rapid changes in social status that have effects on mental health. Research with nonimmigrant populations has identified relevant social status indicators, but these indicators are not sufficient to address changes that are uniquely relevant to immigrants. This study aimed to identify social status indicators that change during the process of migration and to examine their association with distress using variable- and person-centered analyses. We used data from an archival dataset of West African immigrants in New York City. Pre- and postmigration changes across work, marriage, language use, urbanism, and residency status were used to assess whether positive, negative, or no change in social status had occurred. Changes in social status indicators across migration were predicted to account for variance in mental health outcomes (i.e., anxiety, depression, somatization, and posttraumatic stress) beyond premigration potentially traumatic events (PTE). Several social status indicators predicted wellbeing in this population and accounted for variance in distress beyond premigration PTEs. Ward's method clustering suggested that 3 distinct social status profiles were characterized primarily by changes in work and marriage. The cluster with the greatest positive changes in work was almost all female and had the highest depression scores. These findings suggest that the impact of change in social status across immigration is not uniform across social status indicators. Additionally, changing gender roles across migration appear to have an influential impact on postmigration social status and mental health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has serious consequences for women, and their vulnerability is increased if their experiences related to abuse occurred at an early age. This study examines the risk of experiencing stressful life events (SLE) during the lives of Nicaraguan victims of IPV in situations of extreme poverty according to their exposure to episodes of violence in their family of origin. In the study participated 136 women victims of IPV living in the marginal areas of the city of León (Nicaragua). They were contacted through the Nicaraguan Commissariat for Women (CW). The results indicate an increased risk of experiencing SLE in the lives of those who suffered abuse in their family of origin and/or witnessed abuse of their mother. Identifying abuse suffered in childhood is a priority because of its consequences, as growing up in environments that tolerate violence may lead to a chronification of subsequent abuse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Although sibling ties are typically among the longest lasting family relationships, relatively little is known about how adult siblings navigate family caregiving when a brother or sister has a serious mental illness. The present study examined the role of primary caregiver status, perceived sibling illness severity, sibling relationship quality, and self and sibling caregiving attitudes in understanding reports of personal loss and stress-related personal growth among siblings of adults with serious mental illness. Online surveys were completed by 226 adult siblings (141 women; 85 men; mean age = 34 years; SD = 9.05). Results suggest that well siblings' reports of self and sibling caregiving attitudes significantly differed as a function of primary caregiver status (i.e., sibling, parents, or others as primary caregiver or no caregiver). Sibling caregiving attitudes differentially predicted well siblings' experience of personal loss and stress-related growth, regardless of demographics and primary caregiver status, perceived sibling illness severity, and sibling relationship quality. Greater ambivalence about providing care to their sibling with mental illness was associated with adults' reports of greater personal loss while higher levels of sibling balanced care priorities were significantly related to higher levels of personal growth. Greater self-care attitudes were significantly related to lower levels of both personal loss and personal growth for well siblings. Understanding sibling caregiving attitudes has important implications for research and interventions with families coping with mental illness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychosocial risk exposure in childhood is associated with a greater probability of emotional, behavioral, and academic problems. It is not surprising that children who experience homelessness, a marker of high cumulative risk, show significant emotional and behavioral problems and lower academic achievement than other children, including impoverished children who are not homeless. Nonetheless, some children manifest positive adjustment despite the hazards associated with homelessness, and it is important to identify protective influences that might be targeted for intervention. One potential factor is mastery motivation (MM), or the drive to control and master challenges, theoretically associated with resilience and empirically linked to adaptive cognitive outcomes in low-risk children. Currently, there is little research on MM in high-risk young children overall, and data are particularly limited on the key question of whether MM is associated with better outcomes in domains crucial for school readiness, including socioemotional adjustment, self-regulation, and academic competence. This study examined observed MM in 85 young children ages 3 to 5 living with their parents in an emergency shelter. Children completed behavioral tasks to assess MM, and measures linked with school readiness were assessed directly or by parent report. Higher MM was associated with better social and emotional functioning and emotion regulation but not math achievement or executive functioning. Follow-up analyses indicated that MM was indirectly associated with prosocial behavior through better emotion-regulation abilities. Implications are discussed for further research and for interventions designed to address educational disparities and promote school success for children experiencing homelessness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).