Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting has gained immense prominence as corporations seek legitimacy within their institutional environments. This paper investigates the role of institutional isomorphism in shaping ESG signalling, specifically how firms in different national contexts conform to ESG expectations. Utilizing institutional theory and signalling theory, this study explores the interplay between coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures in shaping sustainability narratives. We hypothesize that firms across countries adapt their ESG reporting to institutional expectations, which are influenced by the regulatory environment, market maturity, and cultural factors. A comparative analysis of ESG reports from firms in developed and emerging markets reveals that coercive pressures dominate in regions with stringent regulations (e.g., the European Union), while mimetic pressures are more prevalent in less regulated markets (e.g., Asia). The study also finds that normative pressures, driven by global reporting frameworks such as the GRI and TCFD, shape strategic conformity in ESG disclosures. This paper contributes to the understanding of cross-national differences in ESG signalling and offers managerial and policy implications for multinational corporations (MNCs) and regulators.

Medicinal plant or herbs are considered to have rich source of ingredients which can be used in drug development. The formulation of herbal mouthwash is a natural approach to oral hygiene that utilizes plant-based ingredients to create a safe and effective mouthwash. Herbal mouthwash is intended to provide a range of benefits, including anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-plaque effects, as well as freshening breath and promoting healthy gums and teeth. The formulation of herbal mouthwash offers an alternative to chemical-based oral hygiene products that can sometimes cause irritation and sensitivity. With the growing interest in natural remedies and alternative health practices, the formulation of herbal mouthwash offers a promising solution for those seeking a more natural approach to oral hygiene. The main objective of this literature work is to prepare and evaluate a herbal mouthwash and check its effectiveness against microorganisms of oral cavity. The prepared mouthwash was evaluated against pathogens and was found effective for controlling and demolishing microbial growth in mouth. Further physiochemical properties were tested for mouthwash and it possesses a good antibacterial activity. Next, studies on physical evaluation, pH measurement, stability, viscosity and antibacterial activity were conducted.  

Smokeless tobacco (ST) chewing addiction represents a substantial public health burden, particularly in India, necessitating effective withdrawal strategies. In Ayurveda, tobacco (Tamraparna or Nicotiana tabacum) is classified as a Sthavara Vanaspatij Visha (immobile plant poison). Chronic use and subsequent withdrawal induce a neurobehavioral syndrome characterized by the vitiation of Vata and Kapha Doshas and disturbance of the Manovaha Srotas. This report details the outcome of an Ayurvedic combined therapeutic regimen targeting this withdrawal pathology.[i], Case Presentation A 25-year-old male labourer, presented with a 5-to-6-year history of daily smokeless tobacco (Zarda) addiction. Initial assessment using the Nicotine Withdrawal Scale for Tobacco Chewing Addiction yielded a total score of 24, classifying the patient as suffering from Severe Withdrawal. Primary complaints included severe craving, anxiety, irritability, and difficulty in concentration. Intervention The patient was administered a combined regimen for a continuous period of 21 days as per the research protocol. The intervention comprised Vishmusthyadi Vati (1–2 Vati, orally, twice daily with lukewarm water after meals) and Kalyank Churna (3g, four times daily, administered specifically for chewing). Results Subjective clinical efficacy was highly significant. The total Nicotine Withdrawal Score decreased substantially from 24 (Severe) at baseline to 7 (Mild) at the end of the 21-day intervention, representing a 70.83% improvement in symptomatic relief. The primary end point patient unwillingness to consume tobacco was achieved. Objective assessments revealed metabolic shifts typical of the acute cessation phase, including increases in Total Cholesterol (120.9 to 152.2) and Triglycerides (111.6 to 131.2). Hematological markers (ESR, TLC) showed favorable minor reductions. Conclusion The synergistic application of the nervine tonic and antitoxic Vishmusthyadi Vati alongside the Deepana-Pachana and behavioral substitution agent Kalyank Churna proved highly effective in managing acute tobacco withdrawal symptoms. The regimen addresses both the Visha effects and the associated Vata-Kapha pathology. The results indicate a successful cessation strategy, though they mandate continued metabolic monitoring in the post-cessation phase.

The Ayushman Bharat initiative in India, which envisions the transformation of sub-health centres into Ayushman Arogya Mandirs (AAMs), represents a milestone in India's journey towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC). AAMs are mandated to deliver comprehensive primary healthcare through the deployment of Community Health Officers (CHOs) as mid-level service providers. Despite their crucial role, CHOs face challenges including clinical uncertainty, administrative bottlenecks, and suboptimal community engagement. This study evaluates the effectiveness of an Omni-Channel Mentorship Approach (OCA) in enhancing the performance of CHOs in Madhubani district, Bihar. The mentorship combined virtual and onsite engagements, targeting clinical capacity, administrative efficiency, and community participation. Using a mixed-method design, data from 30 AAMs were analysed before and after the intervention. Findings revealed statistically significant improvements in outpatient attendance (P<0.01), non-communicable disease screening (P<0.01), antenatal care check-ups (P<0.05), VHSND conducted (P<0.05); health education sessions (P<0.01) and essential drug availability (P<0.01). Qualitative findings highlighted increased CHO confidence, operational efficiency, team coordination and stronger community interface. Authors argue that structured and context-specific mentoring mechanisms are critical for optimizing the AAM model, especially in underserved regions. Institutionalizing mentorship protocols, developing standardized monitoring tools, and policy-level integration are essential for sustainable CHO capacity building for optimizing primary healthcare delivery in resource-constrained settings. 

Ritucharya provides a systematic framework for adapting to environmental shifts to prevent illness, boost immunity, and promote overall vitality. Drawing extensively from classical Ayurvedic texts, particularly the  Charaka Samhita, this paper details specific seasonal recommendations across the six Ritus (seasons). Furthermore, it bridges this ancient wisdom with modern scientific understanding, discussing how contemporary research in chronobiology, metabolism, immune function, and the gut microbiome validates many of Ayurveda's core tenets. The report highlights Ritucharya's potential as a proactive, personalized approach to health maintenance, offering valuable strategies for addressing the rising prevalence of lifestyle disorders in the modern era and identifying key areas for future empirical research. A cornerstone of Ayurvedic philosophy is its strong emphasis on preventive medicine, encapsulated in the dictum "Swasthyashya Swasthya Rakshanam" (to maintain the health of the healthy). This proactive stance aims to prevent the onset of disease rather than solely focusing on its cure, highlighting a foresight into health management that remains highly relevant today. Ritucharya can be understood as a comprehensive manual for adjusting daily routines to the environment, ensuring the body's internal equilibrium is maintained. This systematic framework for human physiological and behavioral adaptation to environmental shifts demonstrates a profound, ancient understanding of human ecology, where health is viewed as a dynamic balance with the external world. It provides a proactive blueprint for resilience against environmental stressors, a concept increasingly vital in modern environmental health discussions.[i] The principles of Ritucharya are deeply embedded in classical Ayurvedic literature, being prominently discussed in the foundational Ayurvedic Samhitas. The Charaka Samhita, considered one of the foremost texts of Ayurveda, dedicates its sixth chapter of Sutra Sthana, known as "Tasyashiteeya Adhyaya", to elaborating on the detailed seasonal regimens.

The study aimed to assess the levels of perceived discrimination, social support, anxiety, and depression among patients with gender dysphoria and to explore the associations between these factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over 12 months at S.S.G. Hospital, Vadodara, including 40 patients aged 18–45 years diagnosed with gender dysphoria as per DSM-5 criteria. Perceived discrimination was assessed using the DISC-12, social support with the MSPSS, and severity of anxiety and depression with the HAM-A and HAM-D scales, respectively. Data analysis was performed using MedCalc and Epi Info 7.1, with a p-value <0.05 considered significant

Background: The rise of antimicrobial resistance has driven the search for alternative therapies. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy, which employs viruses to target specific bacterial pathogens, is regaining attention as a promising solution for multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. Objective: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and treatment outcomes associated with phage therapy in managing MDR bacterial infections. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using data from observational studies and case reports published between 2000 and early 2025. Eligible studies included human subjects treated with phage therapy for laboratory-confirmed MDR infections. Data were extracted on clinical outcomes, adverse events, phage characteristics, and concurrent antibiotic use. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool for observational studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist for case reports. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled cure rates and assess heterogeneity. Results: Eight studies involving 196 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled clinical cure rate was 71% (95% CI: 0.59–0.81), with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 44.4%). The highest efficacy was observed in studies targeting complex infections like prosthetic joint infections and osteomyelitis. Adverse events were rare and generally mild. Case reports also showed a favorable safety profile and microbiological clearance in 8 out of 9 patients. Conclusion: Bacteriophage therapy demonstrates substantial clinical promise as an adjunct or alternative to antibiotics for MDR infections. Despite limitations related to study design and heterogeneity, these findings support the integration of phage therapy into clinical practice and highlight the need for standardized protocols and randomized controlled trials.

This conceptual paper workforce explores the important role of HR Analytics in planning, emphasizing how data-driven approaches change human resource management practices. By integrating advanced analytical devices and technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, HR enables analytics organizations to predict the needs of the workforce, adapt talent management to adapt to talent management and increase employee engagement and retention. The study highlights the moral and organizational challenges associated with adopting HR analytics and outlines the importance of transparency, fairness and data privacy. In addition, it identifies emerging research opportunities in implementing HR analytics to develop workforce models including remote and gig employment. Ultimately, this letter argues that today's dynamic business environment required HR analytics to plan agile, responsible and strategically aligned workforces.

India's educational system still suffers structural inefficiencies notwithstanding its demographic advantage and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, especially in terms of offering complete student support. Though still mostly focused on academic output, emotional intelligence, ethical values, vocational training, and tailored counselling are not sufficiently included in conventional schooling. Closing these long-standing gaps was the goal behind Edsurance, a copyright-protected platform with AI capabilities (Diary No: 2401/2025-CO/L) [8]. Comprising eighteen linked modules encompassing skill development, career mentorship, exam preparation, spiritual learning, and mental wellness, this digital ecosystem responds to a significant national crisis. Given that less than 5,000 licensed school counsellors exist in India [2] and more than 65% of Indian students are under 25, there has never been a larger demand for such a platform. The study examines how Edsurance provides one-stop shopping for moral, emotional, and intellectual guidance. Statistical data from UNICEF, ASER, and NCRB helps one to place the demand for the platform [1][3][6]. Edsurance turns out to be a scalable, reputable strategy that not only improves NEP 2020 [4] but also creates a new benchmark for digital infrastructure for student growth.