There are multiple studies that show that exposure to a traumatic life event is a significant factor in the development and continuation of addiction. When post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is added to an alcohol-substance use disorder, the course of treatment is negatively affected. This study aimed to compare people with and without the risk of PTSD in terms of substance use features and psychological problems on the basis of their substance preferences. The study was conducted with 614 individuals hospitalized in an addiction recovery center because of an alcohol and substance use disorder. Development of the addiction profile index (BAPI) clinical form was used to measure the addiction features and their severity, psychological condition, and some personal characteristics of the patients. The Kocaeli short screening scale for psychological trauma was used to determine traumatic life events and evaluate traumatic stress symptoms. PTSD frequency of the participants with an alcohol-substance use disorder was 29.8% (n = 162). Considering the frequency of PTSD risk, 29.2% (n = 98) of the participants with opioid use disorder, 33.3% (n = 13) of the participants with cannabis use disorder, and 35.7% (n = 20) of the participants with alcohol use disorder had a risk of PTSD. Participants with PTSD symptoms had higher scores in substance use features, diagnosis, effect of substance use on life, cravings, greater addiction severity, difficulty in anger control, more excitement seeking behaviors, safe behavior deficiency, depression, and anxiety. Substance use features and psychological problems varied in individuals with and without the risk of PTSD. Configuration of the treatment plan considering this differentiation is significant in terms of the course of the treatment.

Pregabalin is a γ-amino butyric acid analogue drug that is used in fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, spinal cord injury, and postherpetic neuralgia. Symptoms reported in association with pregabalin withdrawal include insomnia, gastrointestinal distress, tachycardia, and headache. This case report describes a 68-year-old patient who developed delirium after experiencing pregabalin withdrawal. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of pregabalin withdrawal delirium.

Objective: Difficulty in regulating emotions is a concept related to psychopathology that occurs not only in childhood but also in adulthood. This emotion develops in early childhood via the interaction of the child with the parents, especially the mother. The aim of this study is to examine the role of attachment styles and personality traits of the mother in the relationship between emotion regulation of the mother and her child. Methods: This study comprised of 280 mothers, 24-50 years (35.92±5.14), 148 girls (52.9%) and 129 boys (46.1%) in the age range of 3-6 years. Sociodemographic Data Form, Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC), Difficulties in the Emotion Regulation Scale Brief Form, Basic Personality Traits Inventory and Relationship Scales Questionnaire were applied to the partici-pants. Results: Significant difference in sociodemographic variables was found in boy's favor in the ERC-negative subscale compared to child sex variables only. Positive correlations were found between the children's ERC-nega-tive subscale and maternal emotion regulation difficulties, indifferent and fearful affiliation neuroticism and negative valence personality traits; and negative correlations were found with extraversion and responsibility characteristics according to the Pearson's correlation analysis. According to the mediation analysis, neuroticism, negative valence and fearful attachment style of the mother had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between the emotion regulation of the child and the emotion regulation of the mother. Conclusion: In our study, it was observed that the difficulty of regulating emotion was related to the difficulty of regulating emotion of the mother rather than the ability of the child to regulate emotion and some personality traits were effective factors in the emotion regulation difficulty of the child. Investigating other family-related factors correlated with child emotion regulation difficulties will contri-bute to the understanding of emotion regulation process.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible relationship theory of mind (ToM) and emotion regulation (ER) skills in adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study comprised 60 individuals with ADHD and 60 individuals with ASD according to DSM-5 and between the ages of 12-16, and 60 adolescents without any psychiatric diagnosis. The Turkish version of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children, both present and lifetime versions, was applied to assess psychopathology and comorbidity. The intelligence level of the patients was assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. Reading the mind in the eyes test, the Faux Pas Test, and the hinting task were given to patients to evaluate the ToM skills. The difficulties in ER Scale were also used to evaluate the skills of regulating emotions. Adolescent patients with ADHD and ASD have difficulties in ToM and ER skills. Adolescents diagnosed with ASD had more difficulty in ToM and ER than adolescents with ADHD. This study supports the idea that ADHD and ASD are related to deficits in ToM and ER skills. Therefore, further studies are required to confirm the findings of this study.

In this study, the purpose was to evaluate the effect of mobile electronic devices (MEDs) use on the sleep states of university students. The study was conducted in a cross-sectional fashion between April 21, 2019 and May 31, 2019 with the participation of the students registered in a public university at medical faculties and faculty of health sciences. Television viewing, MED and desktop computer use form, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Sleepiness Severity Index (SSI) were used as data collection tools. The data of 752 students (56.5% girls, mean age: 20.57 [SD = 1.54] years) were analyzed. In this study, overall MED use times and PSQI, ESS, and SSI total scores were higher in students who had an evening-oriented chronotype. There was a negative relationship between overall and evening MED use times and the chronotype scores of the students. As a result of the regression analyses applied to the PSQI, ESS, and SSI dependent variables, a positive and significant relationship was detected with smartphone use times (P < 0.05, P = 0.05, and P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, there was a positive relationship between PSQI and ESS variables and iPod touch use times (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Overall MED use times were determined to be higher in students who had Type E chronotype. It was also determined that their sleep quality was poorer and their insomnia severity was higher, and there was more sleepiness in the students with chronotype E. Comprehensive interventions must be planned by professional healthcare staff for students on the topics of sleep hygiene and conscious media use.

Objective: Number of studies evaluating oxidative stress in unipolar depression are increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the scores of oxidative stress in unipolar depression patients and in mixed type of unipolar depression and to compare these scores with healthy subjects in terms of dynamic thiol/disulfide balance para-meters. Methods: Ninety-eight patients aged between 18 and 65 years with the diagnosis of unipolar depressive disorder diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria and 97 age- and sex-matched 97 healthy individuals who applied to the Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine Psychiatry Department between April 2018 and September 2018 were included in the study. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-Dand Modified Hypomania Checklist (M-HCL) were used respectively to determine depressive symptoms, manic symptoms and the severity of the disease. Oxidative stress parameters were measured by evaluating fasting blood samples taken from all participants. Results: In the unipolar depression group, the levels of disulfide, total thiol, oxidation-reduction and oxidized thiol levels were found to be statistically significant in favor of oxidation (p

Objective: Studies on the perception of nepotism in public institutions and organizations in Turkey is rather limited. In the health sector, there are almost no studies on nepotism. This study will therefore make a great contribution in respect of investigating the perceptions of healthcare professionals towards nepotism. Methods: In this study, the perception of nepotism in the health sector in Turkey has sought to investigate. Data collection form, Nepotism and Job Satisfaction Scales were used in this study, and data were collected using the quantitative data collection technique. The study sample consists of 316 people. Results: While 91.8% of the participants said that they were not favored by anybody to secure a job/promotion etc., 77.8% said they knew at least one person who received preferential treatment in job search. The study revealed a significant negative correlation between the all sub-dimensions of the Nepotism Scale and the pay, promotions, supervision and co-workers’ subdimensions of the Job Satisfaction Scale (p

Objective: Aim of study is to adapt the Mental Health Literacy Scale to Turkish and to determine its validity and reliability. Methods: Sample of this methodological study consisted of 282 adult individuals. The data were collected with the sociodemographic data collection form and the Mental Health Literacy Scale developed O’Connor and Casey, between September 16th, 2019 and October 31st, 2019. Adaptation of the scale into Turkish was done by following the steps of translation, back translation, getting expert opinions and pilot application. The Mental Health Literacy Scale Turkish form was conducted to 282 adult individuals. The Scale has been tested with the content validity index for the scale validity; confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity; independent samples t-test to compare known group scores for; item analyses to test the scale reliability; Cronbach’s alpha analysis for internal consistency of the total scale and subdomains; dependent samples t-test to compare the test-retest scores for time invariance; and intraclass correlation coefficient. The ethics committee permission was obtained and written con-sent was also received from the individuals. Results: The content validity index of the Turkish form of the Mental Health Literacy Scale, which was adapted into Turkish, was found to be 0.98. It was determined that the scale had six subdomains. The confirmatory factor analysis results of the scale indicated that the loadings of all items varied from 0.30 to 0.99. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.89. It was determined that the Mental Health Literacy Scale score average of the individuals was 107.37±15.94. Discussion: The results of the validity and reliability study conducted to adapt the Mental Health Literacy Scale into Turkish, showed that this scale can be used to measure mental health literacy level. The Turkish form of the scale can be used safely in programs to be performed in the Turkish society to measure and develop knowledge, beliefs and attitudes regarding mental health literacy level.

Objective: Cognitive errors in psychiatric disorders have been frequently investigated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cognitive errors, cognitive domains including interpersonal relationships (IP) and personal achieve-ments (PA), and psychiatric comorbidity in the rumination (R) and cleaning (C) dimensions of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: The disorder symptoms were assessed via the Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inven-tory (MOCI) and Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). The Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS) was used to evaluate cognitive errors. Results: There were 31 female patients with OCD-R, 31 female patients with OCD-C and 31 healthy female controls. The mean age and the mean education level of the patient and control groups were similar (p=0.461 and p=0.203, respectively). The patient and control groups were different in terms of MOCI, SCL-90-R, and CDS scores (p