Most often, Echinococcus parasitizes in the liver, causing the need for surgical treatment, the results of which currently do not meet expert expectations due to the high frequency of postoperative complications and the risk of relapse. The aim of the study is to improve the results of surgical treatment of liver echinococcosis by improving the tactical aspects of treatment and elimination of the residual cavity after echinococcectomy to prevent the development of purulent-septic complications. The object of the study was 442 patients with liver echinococcosis treated in the abdominal surgery of the Khorezm Regional Multidisciplinary Medical Center for the period from 2010 to 2023. To achieve the research goal and address the objectives, the following methods were used: general clinical, biochemical, instrumental and statistical methods. When determining the tactics and volume of surgical intervention, we recommend using the proposed method for treating the residual cavity using ultrasonic cavitation and a 0.02% Decasan solution, which minimized the development of purulent-septic complications in the immediate and long-term period after surgery. The new approach significantly reduced postoperative drainage needs (63.8% vs 36.6%, P < 0.001), complications (12.5% vs 5.4%, P < 0.001), and increased uncomplicated recovery (93.1% vs 80.0%). Drainage duration decreased from 11.3% to 3.5% in the long-term follow-up.

The aim of the work is to obtain optimal artificial conditions for the maintenance and breeding of medicinal leeches of the species Hirudo verbana and Hirudo orientalis. 180 medicinal leeches were used in the study: 100 leeches of the H. verbana species and 80 H. orientalis leeches. Four groups of animals were formed: two control and two experimental. Control groups of medicinal leeches were kept using the standard jar method. Experiments according to the developed optimal scheme. As a result of the study, it was found that there were more juveniles obtained from the cocoon per 1 parent leech in the experimental group of medicinal leeches of the H. verbana and H. orientalis species, compared to the control group; appearance of defective cocoons. Mortality of parent leeches during breeding, mortality of juveniles before the first, after the first and sixth feeding decreases on average by more than 50% (P < 0.05) in the experimental group.

Dactylogyrus pharyngocephalus is a dactylogyrid monogenean parasite originally described by Kulkarni, 1970 from tank goby Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822) in South India. The species has not been recorded since then. Fresh specimens of D. pharyngocephalus were collected from northeast India and examined morpho-molecularly. Temporary (glycerine mounted) and permanent (stained with Gomori's trichrome and DPX mounted) slides were made and photographed. Primer set C1 and D2 was employed to amplify a fragment of the 28S rRNA gene. The resulting nucleotide sequences, when examined by the BLAST tool, did not show 100% homology with any of the sequences deposited in GenBank. Based on new morpho-molecular data, the description of D. pharyngocephalus is revised, including the first description of its ventral bar.

During routine inspections of 4 bat shelters in central-eastern Poland, 36 dead bats belonging to 6 species were found: Myotis daubentonii, M. nattereri, M. myotis, Nyctalus noctula, Plecotus auritus and Eptescius serotinus. In the laboratory, 298 arthropods from 15 taxa (57 insects and 241 mites) were collected from these bats, and their relationships with their hosts were analysed. The first probable record of I. ricinus feeding on P. auritus is published.

Aquatic systems are affected by highly variable environmental conditions, including salinity changes. Changes in salinity may be gradual or sudden; such as evaporation during summer and warm periods which in turn either reduce or increase salinity. Parasites are the most common in aquatic ecosystems and their transmission is strongly influenced by environmental conditions. However, the effect of salinity on the transmission of water-dwelling parasites has not been well studied. The present study aimed to detect the effects of long-period exposure to salinity on parasites in the marshes of southern Iraq as a result of low water levels in the Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab in recent years. The results appeared in this study the presence of pathogenic intestinal parasites in the marshes of southern Iraq including Schistosoma spp., Polymorphus sp., Taenia sp., Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia sp., Naegleria sp., Coccidia sp., Cryptosporidium sp., Acanthamoeba sp. and Blantidium sp. which were found in Haur Al-Chebaiesh and Haur Al-Hawizeh, Also, it observed highly presence of cercariae. In conclusion, these results indicated the ability of parasites to tolerance the salt stress due to its presence highly in these environmental conditions.

USUV in Europe is detected in vectors (mosquitoes) and has a reservoir in vertebrates. There are known fatal epidemics among birds, especially blackbirds. Currently, USUV also causes rare infections in humans. However, the emergence of clinical cases, including severe neurological symptoms, and the finding of seroprevalence in asymptomatic people (e.g. blood donors, forest workers), indicate that USUV, due to its neurotropism, may become a potential public health problem. Therefore, it is very important to monitor cases infections in humans, migratory and resident birds and other animals that may constitute a reservoir of the virus, but also detection of the virus in mosquitoes (vectors), including alien and invasive species, as well as the impact of climatic factors on the ability to spread the virus in the Europe. There is currently no evidence of virus transmission during transfusion or transplantation, but the potential risk of virus transmission from an asymptomatic blood donor to an mmunocompromised recipient must be considered. Although the occurrence of USUV in European countries is currently not a significant threat, surveillance and screening of blood donors for USUV should be carried out during the period of vector activity and during WNV epidemics, as well as in patients with symptoms of meningitis and encephalitis.

Shrews and small rodents inhabit the drainage channel banks in reclai med areas and have their own helminth complex. The aim of the study is to conduct the 3rd research period during 2015-2019 the helminth fauna of these animals living on the drainage channel banks of model reclamation systems in Brest Polesie (south-western part of Belarus), to establish the species composition of helminths and the animal infection by these, and to compare the data obtained with previous research periods. 4,000 trap-days were worked out. 151 specimens of shrews of 4 species and 510 small rodents of 8 species were caught. Animals were examined by the method of complete helminthological dissections. Their numbers were 3.78 and 12.75 individuals per 100 trap-days, and helminth infection was 94.7% and 65.9%, respectively. 66 helminth species were found in animals. The dominant helminth species in infection have been identified. The trematode Prosolecithus danubica Tkach et Bray, 1995 (definitive host: common shrew), the acanthocephalans Centhrorhynchus aluconis (Müller, 1780) (larval host: lesser shrew) and Moniliformis moniliformis (Bremser, 1811) (definitive host: striped field mouse) are new species of helminths for Belarus. New hosts in Belarus have been found for 6 helminth species. Shrews and small rodents are involved in the life cycles of bird, non-ruminant artiodactyl and carnivorous mammal helminths. Nine helminth species have significance for medicine and 7 species for veterinary science. The results are compared with data from the 1st (1996-1999) and 2nd (2005-2010) research periods.

In Europe, ticks are particularly important vectors of pathogens known as tick-borne pathogens (TBP). TBP can influence hosts, including domestic animals and humans as well as ticks. This review focuses on interactions between hard ticks and medically and veterinary significant bacterial pathogens i.e. Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., Anaplasma spp, and Rickettsia spp. The interactions between ticks and bacteria include among others the impact on gene expression and tick behaviour. Infection with TBP may influence tick salivary proteins and midgut receptors. Infection with B. burgdorferi s.l. changes the bahaviour of the tick allowing them for longer questing and increased mobility, while A. phagocytophilum increases survive in low temperatures by upregulating the expression of antifreeze glycoprotein (IAFGP). Whereas Rickettsia spp. increases ticks attraction towards the 900 MHz electromagnetic field.

We aimed to present an alternate method instead of PCR-RFLP and also develop an optimized method for rapid, time-saving and affordable molecular-based approach to discriminate species of liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Seventy-six samples of F. hepatica and 28 F. gigantica were collected from the slaughterhouses of endemic regions in Iran. Following a comprehensive analysis of the mitochondrial complete sequences of both F. hepatica and F. gigantica, the extracted DNAs from all samples were used as templates in multiplex PCR reactions containing two sets of primers specific for cytochrome c oxidase I (cox I) gene of both species. In a parallel experiment, PCR-RFLP was performed for each sample using internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) sequence. Furthermore, following a PCR amplification for cox I gene, the amplicons were purified for sequencing. To assess the validity of the multiplex PCR approach, the obtained data from the multiplex PCR and PCR-RFLP experiments were compared with each other. By sequence analysis of 104 samples, 76 and 28 samples were identified as F. hepatica and F. gigantica, respectively. Results revealed 100% and 92% of accuracy as for multiplex PCR and PCR-RFLP. The designed multiplex PCR strategy offers a valid alternative approach to the conventional methods with distinctive features including convenience, cost-effectiveness, time-saving (3 hours from sampling to obtain final results) and high efficacy.

Acanthocephalans are grouped in a single phylum, having a cosmopolitan distribution and subdivided into several genera. Although species of this parasite genus have birds and mammals as definitive hosts, they have been reported in amphibians and reptiles, and have been noted as paratenic hosts. In this study we report the record of Rhinella major as a new paratenic host for the Centrorhynchus sp. from an urban area of the Brazilian Amazon. In this study, for the morphometric measurements to take place, the parasitic specimens found were fixed and preserved in an alcoholic liquid medium and the identification of the parasites found were confirmed by specialized literature. The parasitological statistical parameters followed the proposed ecological concepts, calculating the parasite prevalence, intensity, average intensity and average abundance indices with confidence intervals. In the present study, two morphotypes of Acontochephala were found parasitizing R. major. In this study we report the record of R. major as a new paratenic host for the Centrorhynchus sp.