The idea of regulatory T cells (Tregs) lost its popularity during the 1980s and 1990s, since immunologists failed to elucidate how the innate regulation of immunological reactions worked. The entire re-evaluation of the Tregs was supported due to the increasingly influential and state of the art immunological techniques, as cell sorting and also the expanding understanding of the immune system and its functions which aided in attaining a greater insight into the mechanisms of regulation and suppression. Many researchers nowadays have demonstrated that Tregs may well have therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of autoimmune diseases if it was a possibility to isolate and infuse these Tregs into patients, preferably without any harmful side effects. Therefore, modulation of Tregs as well as their generation is being researched since they were proposed as therapeutic interventions in several disease sceneries, nonetheless, sometimes with disastrous consequences. Consequently, a full and complete understanding of the exceptional biology of human Tregs is fundamental for the accurate interpretation of found data, before therapeutic interventions can be undertaken. This literature study gives an overview of the current accessible information on the topic of the characterization, the generation, regulation and functions of the Inducible Treg populations and their subsets in the human immune system.

To study the role of serum Monoamine oxidase (MAO) in Lichen planus(LP). 82 cases of Lichen planus patients and 35 healthy controls were selected in the investigation. The total serum MAO levels were measured. The levels of serum MAO in Lichen planus patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (P<0.01). The severity of Lichen planus was not correlated with serum MAO levels (r =0.4873, t=0.73, p>0.05). According to the findings, there might be a coincidence of MAO and lichen planus. However, further studies are required to clarify the immunological mechanisms which are responsible for MAO synthesis during immunoreaction.

The involvement of reactive oxygen species in the inflammatory tissue destruction is well known. Significant changes in the activity and expression of several isoforms of superoxide dismutase were observed in the human gastric disease. Mn-SOD attracted the attention of researchers because of its inducibility by oxidative stress. There is increasing evidence that oxidative stress plays a role in the progression of mucosal damage leading to gastric cancer. The evaluation of possible modulation of Mn-SOD activity during chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa could reveal whether its assessment is important to prevent the accumulation of gastric epithelial cell damage and thereby reduce the risk of gastric carcinoma. Keywords: Free radical, gastric mucosa, inflammation, oxidative stress, ROS, SOD.

Dating back to the early 1900s, clinical observations have pointed towards an intimate relationship between dyslipidemia, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Despite a focus on aggressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients at risk for developing cardiovascular disease, only moderate reductions in cardiovascular events have been achieved, suggesting other targets of therapy should be investigated. Over the past two decades pre-clinical and clinical data have demonstrated a direct correlation between inflammation and atheroma development. This review provides a detailed understanding of inflammation in atherogenesis with a particular emphasis on clinical studies correlating markers of inflammation with plaque progression using carotid intima-media thickness measurements and intravascular ultrasound.