Hollow Hoof Syndrome (HHS) is a condition of equine foot that causes the hoof wall layers to separate. This separation starts at the solar surface of the foot and works its way dorsally (upward) toward the coronary band, though it can be managed with proper medical and surgical care. A mare was presented in Veterinary Clinical Complex, LUVAS, Hisar (India) with a history of lameness in right forelimb since last four months. Clinical examination revealed significant increase in the size of hoof accompanied with hard tissue swelling at fetlock joint and also nodding of head during landing of the affected hoof on the ground. Physical examination of hoof revealed that the epithelium of sole was eroded and 3rd phalanx was present just below the punctured keratinized epithelium at the solar surface of hoof. Radiographic examination revealed increased distance between the hoof wall and 3rd phalanx moving towards the apex of hoof confirming the rotation of pedal bone. Palmer digital nerve neurectomy was done to relieve the pain and use of compressive therapeutic shoe leads to uneventful recovery of animal.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemicals present in the ethanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera leaves (EEAA) and identify the bioactive compounds by GC-MS analysis. In vitro antioxidant activity was measured by using DPPH, metal chelating and superoxide radical scavenging assays. The anti-bacterial activity was assayed by disc diffusion method. The results revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins in significant amount in EEAA [372 ± 2 mg GAE g-1, 22.6 ± 1.34 mg CE g-1 and 242 ± 2 mg TAE g-1, respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 20 major bioactive compounds with 74.36% total leaf extract, dominated by phytol (10.67%), palmitic acid (6.56%), pseudo-ephedrine (6.06%) and hexacosane (5.76%). EEAA exhibited a maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity of 46.3% The metal chelation activity in EEAA was 58.8%. The EEAA exhibited a maximum of 46.51% superoxide scavenging activity. In vitro antibacterial activity of EEAA assayed against three human pathogenic bacteria viz., Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. EEAA showed maximum inhibition against B. subtilis (16.33 ± 0.577 mm). The study revealed that A. aspera is a potential source for developing health-oriented products.

The current therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disorder (AD) is aimed at providing the symptomatic relief from AD and it continues to progress steadily despite ongoing therapy. The present study was aimed to identify the herbal molecules that could utilize multiple pathways of AD pathogenesis for better AD management. One hundred herbal molecules were selected and subjected to docking analysis against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (1EVE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (4B0P), and Tau protein kinase (1J1B). Based on the docking score, RMSD value, inhibition constant (Ki), and amino acids involved, β-carotene, dihydrotanshinone-I, glabridin, liriodenine, morin, N-formylanonaine, quercetin, quercitrin, rutin, sumaflavone, and vitisinol C were found to be the best molecules. These molecules were then subjected to in vitro screening for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Quercetin and rutin were observed to be the most promising antioxidant and anti­inflammatory molecules which could be beneficial during AD by targeting the oxidative-and inflammatory-stress pathways. The results predicted that quercetin has potential to target multiple pathways of AD pathogenesis so could prove beneficial in treating AD; however, further rigorous analysis is still required.

Plant seed proteins have pivotal health benefits. However, diminutive information is available on the presence of total soluble protein (TSP) levels in major crops. The present study was aimed to extract total soluble proteins from seven species/varieties of Mucuna and evaluate their activity for endogenous regulation of proteases. The total soluble proteins and protease inhibitory activity of various varieties/species of Mucuna were studied by both qualitative and quantitative methods. The total soluble proteins isolated were variable (18 to 29%) with maximum proteins in Mucuna utilis (29%) and minimum in M. pruriens V1 (18.7%). The total protease inhibitory activities were in the range of 9-18.25 TIU mg-1 with maximum in M. pruriens (18.25 TIU mg-1) and minimum in M. pruriens V1 (9.78 TIU mg-1). The TSP content and protease inhibitory activities in other species/varieties were: M. pruriens 27.4% and 18.25 TIU mg-1, M. utilis 29% and 16.67 TIU mg-1, M. monosperma 26.9% and 15.27 TIU mg-1, M. pruriens V2 21.7% and 13 TIU mg-1, M. hirsute 23.8% and 15.93 TIU mg-1 and M. gigantea 24.3% and 11.98 TIU mg-1, respectively. Electrophoretic analysis revealed the presence of various trypsin isoinhibitors and multiple protein bands. The present analysis revealed that Mucuna seeds can be used as an alternative to protein source and their biological activity indicated their usefulness in medical field.

The natural resources and agriculture ecosystem are adversely damaged due to the fast buildup of toxic pollutants such as radionuclide, organic contaminants and heavy metals emitted from industries and other anthropogenic activities. A polyhouse experiment was conducted to assess the capability of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) to remediate a metal contaminated soil, collected from Moradabad (a hub of electroplating industries), by the application of different levels of cow manure. Metal analysis of root and aerial parts was performed using AAS and essential oil composition by GC and GC/MS. The results revealed that the use of cow manure at 52 t ha-1 gave highest plant growth and oil yield. Limonene, trans-anethole and dillapiole were the major constituents among all the amendments. The highest content of trans-anethole (56.05%) was noticed at 52 t ha-1. The addition of cow manure reduced Zn, Ni, Cu and Cr concentration in plant tissues. Maximum reduction was found at 104 t ha-1. Cr showed highest BCF at 0 t ha-1, while Cu showed lowest BCF at 104 t ha-1. Therefore, cow manure use in the metal contaminated soils had favourable impact on the growth characters and essential oil composition of fennel.

Staphylococci, involved in many human diseases, are present on human and animal body surfaces as well as in air, food and water. The general classification of staphylococci divides them in two major groups; coagulase positive and negative staphylococci. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are present as a part of normal skin and mucous membrane flora in humans. CoNS have long been considered as non-pathogenic organism but now they are considered pathogenic involved in infections related to prosthetic materials particularly in surgical wounds. Virulence factors in CoNS are not very clearly established. Staphylococcus epidermidis is evolving as a resistant and powerful microbe related to nosocomial infections. Characteristics like biofilm formation, drug resistance and evolution of genetic variables contribute to its pathogenicity. This review elaborates the evidence of involvement of CoNS in various clinically important infections from recent and past literature.

The experiment was aimed on to assess the influence of various nitrogen levels on growth and yield of dry seeded paddy in farmer’s fields. The study was conducted in three consecutive kharif seasons of 2017-2019 in a randomized block design with each treatment replicated 5 times. The treatments comprised of four nitrogen levels i.e. 100, 125, 150 and 175% recommended N and farmer’s practice. Pooled data revealed higher dry matter (kg ha−1) in 150% N treatment (2465), followed by 175% N (2369) and 125% N (2095) treatments over the farmer’s observe (1940) at active tillering stage. However, at panicle initiation, grain filling and maturity stages dry matter was high in 150% N treatment (5433) which was at par with 175% N (5294), followed by 125% N (4924) treatments over the farmers practice (4877). The panicle length (cm) showed non-significant difference while grains panicle−1 was high in 150% N treatment (193), followed by 175% N (182) and 125% N (176) treatments over the farmers practice (169). In turn, it resulted in higher grain yield (kg ha−1) in 150% N treatment (4952) which was at par with 175% N (4811) followed by 125% N (4360) treatments over the farmers practice (3901). The straw yield (kg ha−1) was high in 150% N treatment (6652) which was at par with 175% N treatment (6427), followed by farmers observe (5619) and 125% N treatment (5704). Harvest index was 42.7% in 150% N treatment over the farmer’s practice (41.0%).

The changes in fishery yield owing to the exponential and logistic growth of non-native tilapia Oreochomi niloticus, was studied and its concrete and predictive invasion worked out so as to find out future level of invasion and yield from the Ganga river, India. The results showed that the abundance of O. niloticus ranged from 3.07 to 15.05% during 2009 to 2018 which increased continually at eight studied locations. At the same time, the average biomass yield day-1 also increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the same period. The calculated mean abundance by weight (MAW) showed that the average biomass was 51.95 kg day-1 km-1 during 2009 which increased to 151 ± 3 kg day-1 km-1 in 2018 showing 292% rise within a decade. The biomass-dependent tilapia population revealed significant (p < 0.05) increase in exponential and logistic growth over the years even in the degraded water quality having higher BOD and COD. The predicted increase in the mean abundance by weight-based biomass showed significant change and the annual-regression was p < 0.419 considering the incremental exponential and logistic growth. The predictive forecast of invasive tilapia catches for the period of 2018 to 2028 at 95% confidence limit suggests stable production from the Ganga river inviting attention of scientists and managers towards its management.