• A GIS-based approach combined with a siting algorithm for optimal RE siting. • Incorporating CO2 budgets into the logic of spatial planning for REs. • Current land use regulations allow for the production of carbon-neutral electricity. • Achieving climate protection goals requires substantial changes to the landscape.

The spatial organization and configuration of different urban elements (i.e., urban form) shape the Urban Ventilation Corridor (UVC), facilitating air pollution dispersion and reducing health hazards. However, few UVC evaluations consider the spatiotemporal variation of hyperlocal air pollutants and environmental justice simultaneously. In this research, we collect air pollution data through mobile monitoring in Glasgow, UK, and evaluate UVC through pollution distribution, Gini coefficients, and explainable machine learning models. The results show that UVC can not only effectively improve air quality but also mitigate inequality in air pollution exposure, particularly to large particles (PM 10 ). Moreover, deprived residents residing in areas with poor ventilation suffer higher levels of air pollution and greater exposure inequality (Gini of UVC: 0.431 vs. non-UVC: 0.368) than their affluent counterparts. Particularly, the top 20% of deprived areas account for 60.02% and 54.65% of air pollutants in UVC and non-UVC regions, respectively. From a planning perspective, encouraging smaller and fragmented buildings and vegetation patches could facilitate airflow and the formation of UVC. Meanwhile, 3D urban form shapes key characteristics of urban surface roughness and impacts UVC distribution and air pollution dispersion, both individually and interactively. This study provides essential support for the improved UVC formation, pollution mitigation, and environmental justice to achieve clean and just urban transitions for global cities. • Leverage both 2D and 3D urban form to characterize the Urban Ventilation Corridor (UVC). • Evaluate the effects of UVC through mobile monitoring of air quality data and Gini coefficients. • UVC could not only effectively improve air quality but also mitigate pollution exposure inequality. • 3D urban form shapes the formation of UVC and impacts air pollution dispersion both individually and interactively.

Trans-local linkages are central mechanism for peripheral regions to sustain innovation systems, but their spatial configuration and mechanisms remain underexplored. This paper proposes four hypotheses based on the tri-polar framework integrating actor, network, and contextual dimensions, and tests them using co-invention patents from China's high-end equipment manufacturing industry covering 1985-2021. Employing Exponential Random Graph Models, the analysis reveals several key findings: (1) state-owned enterprises and large firms dominate peripheral innovation; (2) the spatial configuration of peripheral innovation is relatively stable; and (3) peripheral cities prioritize cross-hierarchy cooperation, resulting in open network configurations rather than locally closed structures. Overall, peripheral innovation in China is predominantly firm-led, cross-boundary, and selectively oriented toward higher-tier partners. By placing firms at the center of analysis and identifying differentiated types of peripheral cities, this study advances understanding of peripheral regional innovation systems in emerging economies. The findings contribute to the applied geography literature by providing spatially explicit evidence that informs place-based innovation and regional development policy. • Using co-invention patent data from China's high-end equipment manufacturing industry (1985–2021), this study examines the spatial configuration of innovation collaboration in peripheral regions from firm, network, and contextual perspectives. • Innovation activities in peripheral regions are predominantly led by state-owned enterprises and large firms, relying more on cross-regional and cross-hierarchical linkages than on localized clustering. • Peripheral innovation networks display strong relational stability but limited local closure, resulting in open and hierarchically oriented spatial network structures.