Abstract Subgrades in selected project area may consist of wet, highly plastic clay soil. Weak subgrades can result in fatigue cracking and rutting in asphalt pavement systems. These problems can be prevented by using thick and expensive pavement sections. An alternative to thick pavement sections is to improve the subgrade support quality through soil stabilization. Soils may be improved through the addition of chemical or cementitious additives. These chemical additives range from waste products to manufactured materials and include lime and Portland cement. As a result, this study evolved to find the performance of subgrade formation using lime and cement specific to Jimma subgrade soils. Accordingly, two disturbed samples were collected from different parts of Jimma and the required laboratory tests have been conducted in order to achieve the intended performance. From the tests conducted on Atterberg limits, the addition of cement increased plasticity index for Sample-1 whereas, the addition of cement increased plasticity index initially, while higher percentage of cement led to reduction in plasticity index for Sample-2 and addition of lime increased plasticity index initially and higher percentages of cement led to reduction in plasticity index for both samples. Moreover, addition of cement increases MDD for both samples while OMC increases up to a certain limit for Sample-1 and decreases on further addition whereas the OMC value initially decrease and after that the value increases with further addition for Sample-2. And also in the case of lime stabilization, the MDD decreases up to a certain limit but after that the value increases on further addition for Sample-1 while it was reverse for Sample-2. And the OMC decreases initially for Sample-1and becomes almost constant while the OMC value first decreases up to a certain limit and after that the value increases with further addition for Sample-2. It was also found that with the addition of stabilizers, cement and lime, the CBR values increased which in turn more applicable for preliminary characterizing the strength of subgrade soils. Keywords: Subgrade Soil, Cement Stabilization, Lime Stabilization, and Strength of Subgrade

The main objective of the study is to analysis sustainability of water supply and distribution system of Asossa town. While conducting this research, both primary and secondary data were collected and software such as waterGEMSV8i, ArcGIS version10.4.1 and GPS Garmin72 were used. The water supply source of the study area yields 46.1 l/s but only 23.6 l/s of water used. The simulated result of extended period simulation showed that the performance of hydraulic parameters were pressure 21.05 % for pressure value ( 60 m) head and the velocity of pipe flow showed that 84.86 % for velocity (<0.6 m/s), 15.14 % for velocity range (0.6-2 m/s). Based on the simulated result, Reliability value 0.728 and 0.151, Vulnerability value 0.251 and 0.538 and Resiliency value 0.322 and 0.1 were obtained for both pressure and velocity respectively. The overall sustainability index was 0.375 but 0.19 for velocity and 0.559 for pressure. Therefore, sustainability of existing water supply and distribution system of Assosa town is not sustainable. It is mandatory to redesign the Assosa town water supply and distribution system in order to make it sustainable.

Two adsorbents were obtained by thermal activation (TA) and thermal and chemical activation (TCA) on groundnut shells. For to characterize the surface charges and functional groups on the TA and TCA adsorbents, the pH to point of zero charge (pH PZC ) and Fourier transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy were used. Four isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Jovanovic and Temkin) were tested for modeling the adsorption isotherms by nonlinear method. The model of Langmuir described best the adsorption on TA and TCA with the maximal quantities adsorbed were 3.19 and 13.85 mg g -1 , respectively. This study has demonstrated that TCA can be used as a novel adsorbent for the treatment of water contaminated with pharmaceutical products.

A novel Schiff base has been synthetized as a possible complexant for Rhenium elimination from rhenium salts. Two types of complex compounds are possible for rhenium with the present Schiff bases and both of them are capable to polymerize. Their copolymerization has been described theoretically and it was shown that the electrochemical process may be efficient either from the electroanalytical or from the electrosynthetical point of view. The oscillatory behavior, as in the similar systems with complexation and electropolymerization, may be caused by DEL influences of both chemical and electrochemical stages of the process.

The heteroatoms organic compounds (HOP) namely Glutamic acid (GA), L-methionine (Meth), Cysteine (Cys) and phenyl mercapto tetrazol (PMT) have been regarded as copper corrosion inhibitor in Acetic acid (1M). In order to conduct this comparative study, potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are carried out. The first comparative study classifies the GA as the best inhibitor from the tested series. In second part of this work, the GA is detailed studied in terms of the inhibitor concentration influence on its inhibitive efficiency. As results, the increase of GA concentration increases its inhibition corrosion to attain 91% at 5.10 -4 M. the copper performance against corrosion in Acetic acid (AcA) is proved even at low concentrations. The inhibitive efficiencies obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization techniques are in good harmony. In fact, the adsorption of GA ‘on copper surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with values of the free adsorption energy (ΔG° ads ) equal to – 41.5 kJ mol −1 .

In this review, design and development of dyes (Functional, natural, aryl amine, Inorganic, ethylene linked planer rigid organic dyes) has been reported, beneficial for many applications, as Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSc), PDT, biomedical, photo chromic dyes, and optoelectronics. Photo chromic dyes have immense applications in optoelectronic materials, ophthalmic lenses for eye wear technology, optical data storage and in smart textiles due to their active response to light. Recent applications of functional dyes are in medical, such as for photo dynamic therapy. Functional dyes also have application in pH sensors and optical chemical sensors.

The main objective of this study is to find the link between a maximum magnitude of interest, it is the flow noted Y and the factors: it is the percentage in % wt of monomers noted xi. Then, optimizing a study at a lower cost and producing maximum efficiency. This study reveals that the synthesis of the new composite membrane, from a polyetherimide PEI and a Polysulfone PSU physical copolymer consisting of two monomers, by choosing a factorial design (x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 ). This was done thanks to the help of the most widespread software in the optimization and organization of preventive tests of scientific research (experimental design of Nemrodw). The results obtained show that the flow of the membrane increases as a function of the increase in the weight content of PEI in the organic mixture.

We present in this work a two-dimensional numerical model of heat transfer within different parts of palm tree's central superstructure (named the trunk).The processes included in the model are conduction inside the trunk, convective heat exchange between tree surface and the atmosphere, solar radiative heating and infrared emission and absorption. The palm tree being considered as a cylinder form with a constant section consisting of three concentric layers. An experimental protocol was used to determine the thermophysical properties of the different layers of the trunk. The equations of the model were solved numerically by the software FreeFem++. The FreeFem++ code has been developed and used to determine the temperature profiles in the trunk at different depth. Two simulations were made to verify the obtained code and three other simulations under real conditions to see the thermal performance and dynamic comportment of the tree in daytime and night time, in summer and winter and in shade and sunny.

Abstract The objective of the present work is to identify the chemical composition and to test the antioxidant activity of the essential oils of Perralderia coronopifolia Cosson subsp. Purpurascens (Asteraceae) collected in the oasis of Tata located in south east of Morocco. The essential oils was obtained by hydrodistillation method and analyzed by GC-MS. Antioxydant activity was tested using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl) assay. A total de 27 compounds were identified representing 83.59 % of the essential oils. The main compounds were γ-eudesmol (24.4%), α-eudesmol (19.77) and cis-nerolidol (13.97). antioxidant DPPH assay revealed an IC 50 =3.81 mg/mL . Constituents and antioxidant activity of the aerial part of the Perralderia coronopifolia Cosson subsp. Purpurascens were reported for the first time to our knowledge.

This descriptive study was done in Khartoum State Hospitals and the aimed to determine prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV among medical waste workers in period 2013 – 2016, Eight hospitals with different specialties and different size were selected in the study and 300 workers were involved in the study, all in filled questionnaire and blood sample for analysis hepatitis B, (HBV) hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using ELISA tests. , 27% of the workers were diagnosed to have hepatitis B before and 56, 7% were vaccinated against HBV. Prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV among medical waste workers in this study is in the intermediate zone of endemicity, 5.7%, 0.3% and 0.7% respectively.