物理实验中双缝干涉和单缝衍射仪器通常操作复杂、价格昂贵，在中学物理教学中普及率不高。针对这些问题，本研究基于波动光学理论，详细介绍了一种简易的双缝干涉与单缝衍射仪的制作和操作方法，提出一种低成本的手工实验装置设计方案，旨在帮助老师和学生简单制作与操作这种实验装置。该装置不仅实验效果明显，成本低廉，而且可以广泛应用于光学课堂实验教学，显著提高学生的学习效果，为资源有限地区的光学课堂实验教学提供了可参考的解决方案。In physics teaching, instruments used for double-slit interference and single-slit diffraction experiments are typically complicated to operate and expensive, leading to low popularity in secondary education. To address these issues, this study, based on wave optics theory, introduces a simple apparatus for performing double-slit interference and single-slit diffraction experiments. A detailed method for constructing and operating a low-cost, handmade experimental device is presented, aiming to assist teachers and students in easily fabricating and using this equipment. The apparatus not only demonstrates clear experimental results at a low cost but also is highly suitable for widespread adoption in classroom optics experiments. It can significantly enhance students’ learning outcomes and provide a practical reference for conducting optics experiments in resource-limited regions.

本文基于热探针法，通过设计新的测量仪器和算法，研究了粒径为(500 μm, 800 μm)和(800 μm, 1000 μm)的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)粉末体积分数与导热系数的关系，并与各种理论预测进行了对比。实验表明，在不同体积分数下的LDPE粉末的热导率位于Bruggeman模型与Maxwell-Eucken模型之间，并通过线性拟合对体积分数在(0.35, 0.58)的LDPE粉末的有效热导率进行了拟合。This study investigates the relationship between volume fraction and thermal conductivity of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) powders with particle size ranges of (500~800) μm and (800~1000) μm using an improved thermal probe methodology. A novel measurement apparatus and cor- responding algorithm were developed to enhance measurement accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the effective thermal conductivity of LDPE powders at different volume fractions falls within the bounds predicted by the Bruggeman model and Maxwell-Eucken model. Specifically, for powders with volume fractions in the range of [0.35, 0.59], a linear regression model was established to characterize the effective thermal conductivity, showing good agreement with experimental data.

研制了一种采用全光纤耦合光路设计的探针发射–探针探测型太赫兹近场成像系统，其特点在于：系统中的太赫兹辐射源和探测器均采用了探针式光电导天线，这在国内尚属首次报道。测试结果表明：系统的光谱范围覆盖0.1~1.0 THz，动态范围达到45 dB；利用光电导探测探针对光电导发射探针产生的太赫兹波空间场分布进行了微米级高分辨率成像，表明光电导发射探针产生的太赫兹波以近似球面波形式向自由空间传播；将微带线样品靠近光电导发射探针的针尖时，微带线会显著影响太赫兹波在发射探针和探测探针之间的传输模式。本系统为太赫兹频段的超表面器件等相关领域的科学研究提供了一种高效便捷的测量手段。A probe emission-probe detection type terahertz near-field imaging system with an all-fiber-coupled optical design was developed. The system is characterized by the use of probe-type photoconductive antennas for both the terahertz radiation source and detector, which was reported for the first time domestically. Test results show that the system covers a spectral range of 0.1~1.0 THz with a dynamic range of 45 dB. Used the photoconductive detection probe, high-resolution imaging at the micrometer level was performed on the spatial field distribution of the terahertz waves generated by the photoconductive emission probe, revealing that the terahertz waves propagate in free space in an approximately spherical wave form. When a microstrip line sample was brought close to the tip of the photoconductive emission probe, the microstrip line significantly affected the transmission mode of terahertz waves between the emission probe and the detection probe. This system provides an efficient and convenient measurement tool for scientific research in related fields such as terahertz-frequency metasurface devices.

本文探究了532 nm波长激光对面阵式硅基电荷耦合器件(CCD)的电磁干扰效应，通过构建激光辐照CCD器件的多物理场仿真模型与实验验证平台，重点揭示了CCD饱和像元数量与入射激光功率密度之间的非线性响应机制。基于半导体器件物理模型，仿真计算获得了不同辐照功率下电荷迁移层的载流子分布特性。实验系统定量获取了CCD输出图像的灰度数据，通过对比分析实验数据与仿真结果，发现两者在饱和像元增长趋势及功率阈值方面呈现高度吻合，验证了所建模型在预测激光致盲效应方面的有效性，为光电对抗系统中CCD器件的激光防护设计提供了理论依据。This study investigates the electromagnetic interference effects of 532 nm wavelength laser on area-array silicon-based Charge-Coupled Device (CCD). By constructing a multi-physics simulation model for laser-irradiated CCD devices and developing an experimental validation platform, the nonlinear response mechanism between the number of saturated pixels in CCD and the incident laser power density was systematically revealed. Based on semiconductor device physics models, the carrier distribution characteristics in the charge transfer layer under varying irradiation power levels were numerically simulated. The experimental system quantitatively acquired grayscale data from CCD output images. Through comparative analysis of experimental data and simulation results, a high degree of consistency was observed in both the growth trend of saturated pixels and the power threshold parameters, which validated the effectiveness of the proposed model in predicting laser-induced blinding effects. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the laser protection design of CCD devices in electro-optical countermeasure systems.

传统的单光子三维计算鬼成像(3DSCGI)由于在极低光子通量环境下工作，信噪比(SNR)较低，需要进行大量的重复测量。提高光子通量可以改善这一问题，但会引入堆积效应，导致光子计数直方图与原始脉冲波形相比发生畸变。本研究开发了一种新的单光子三维计算鬼成像技术(3DHCGI)，在高回波光子通量下直接计算64*64单光子相机的光子计数和哈达码矩阵之间的二阶相关函数(SOCF)，显著提高了信噪比，同时避免了堆积效应的影响。此外，利用哈达码矩阵行中平衡的+1和−1分布，我们采用互补探测进一步降低噪声，同时在每个散斑模式仅探测126次的情况下，完成了39.45 m处场景256*256分辨率的三维重建，横向分辨率达到了7.21 mm，显著提升了成像质量。这项工作对于中远距离高分辨率单光子三维成像具有重要意义，提供了一种高效且高质量的成像方法。Typical single-photon 3D computational ghost imaging (3DSCGI) suffers from low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) due to operating in ultra-low photon flux environment, necessitating numerous repetitive measurements. Enhancing photon flux improves this but introduces pile-up effects, distorting photon counts histogram compared with original pulse waveform. Our study develops a new single-photon 3D computational ghost imaging technology (3DHCGI) computing the second-order correlations function (SOCF) between photon counts of 64*64 single photon camera and Hadamard matrix directly under high echoing photon flux, significantly boosting SNR and avoiding pile-up effect based on the pairwise orthogonality of Hadamard matrix. Additionally, leveraging the balanced +1 and −1 distribution in Hadamard rows, we utilize complementary detection to finish 256*256 3D reconstruction at distance 39.45 m with transverse resolution 7.21 mm and detections of each pattern 126, and further reduce noise and enhance image quality. This work is important for high-resolution single-photon 3D imaging, offering an efficient and high-quality imaging method.