Background: The Tanzanian informal economy, driven by "Wamachinga" (street vendors), constitutes over 60% of the urban workforce yet remains digitally invisible to formal financial systems. As Tanzania pursues the strategic milestones of the Tanzania Development Vision 2050 (Dira 2050), traditional financing models—including Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Official Development Assistance (ODA)—are proving insufficient for domestic resource mobilization. Objective: This research introduces the "Wamachinga Protocol," a decentralized socio-technical framework designed to bridge the gap between informal micro-transactions and formal capital markets. The protocol aims to transition vendors from "digital invisibility" to "investment readiness." Methodology: Utilizing a Design-Based Research (DBR) approach, the study evolved through three iterative phases: (1) capturing peer-to-peer "Undugu" trust logic via smartphone interfaces, (2) prototyping Blockchain-based Decentralized Identity (DID) for immutable record-keeping, and (3) deploying AI-driven heuristic scoring to assess risk in low-bandwidth (USSD) environments. Results: The findings demonstrate that street-level transaction velocity can be mathematically converted into "Trust Capital" using the heuristic equation $TS = \alpha(V) + \beta(P) + \gamma(C) - \delta(D)$. This Trust Capital enables vendors to bypass traditional collateral requirements, facilitating direct access to sovereign investment vehicles such as UTT AMIS and Treasury Bonds. Conclusion: The Wamachinga Protocol provides a scalable model for domestic resource mobilization in Sub-Saharan Africa. It suggests that by digitizing communal trust into verifiable credentials, emerging economies can achieve financial sovereignty and meet UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) without total reliance on external debt.

This article explores the critical role of community participation within the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) process by juxtaposing global best practices with Indonesia’s current experience. While Indonesia has established legal frameworks to promote public engagement—such as Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021—practical implementation continues to face key obstacles including limited public awareness, inadequate capacity-building efforts, and under-utilisation of technological tools. International evidence from jurisdictions such as Canada, Kenya, and the EU highlights how early, inclusive stakeholder engagement, hybrid digital-offline participation platforms, and sustained capacity support contribute to more transparent, equitable, and effective ESIA processes. In Indonesia, although there are emerging examples of stronger consultation and community feedback integration, these remain unevenly applied across the country. The article reviews these barriers and highlights best practice cases, then presents a set of targeted strategies for enhancing community involvement—namely, strengthening legal and institutional mandates, deploying technology for broader and hybrid engagement, investing in community capacity and awareness, and promoting ongoing transparency and participatory monitoring. By advancing these approaches, Indonesia has the opportunity to transform community participation from a procedural requirement into meaningful empowerment, thereby improving environmental decision-making and supporting sustainable, inclusive development outcomes.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models in forecasting trends of Pediatric Diarrhea and Pneumonia in Rivers State, Nigeria, with particular emphasis on handling auto-correlated errors. The objectives include analyzing seasonal patterns, assessing autocorrelation structures, comparing alternative SARIMA specifications, and identifying the most suitable model using both real and simulated datasets. The empirical data comprise monthly records of reported cases among children under five years, obtained from the Rivers State Primary Healthcare Database. Additionally, a synthetic time series was generated to replicate similar autocorrelation characteristics for robustness testing. Autocorrelation diagnostics, including the Ljung-Box test and ACF/PACF plots, revealed significant serial dependencies across all series, underscoring the limitations of models that ignore autocorrelation. Competing SARIMA models were estimated and evaluated based on Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and residual diagnostic checks. Among the models assessed, SARIMA(0,1,2)(0,0,2)[12][12][12] emerged as the best-fitting model, particularly for pediatric diarrhea, demonstrating strong predictive performance and adherence to diagnostic assumptions. Although Auto ARIMA achieved comparable results for pneumonia, SARIMA models exhibited superior residual behaviour and diagnostic reliability. By integrating actual and simulated data, this research addresses gaps in previous studies that overlooked seasonality and autocorrelation in padiatric health time series modeling. The findings affirm the usefulness of SARIMA for time series epidemiology and highlight its potential for enhancing disease investigation and informing public health interventions in resource-constrained settings such as Rivers State.

This review suggests a practical roadmap of quantum automation of the business world with quantum computing using quantum-enhanced machine learning and existing automation systems. It describes the simplest quantum principles within the context of managerial problems, surveys strategic uses in large business functions and the leadership position needed to scale between isolated demonstrations of concept to scaled value. The approaches merge a scoping overview of current technical and managerial literature, experience of best practices, and logic of benchmarking that compares hybrid quantum classic pipes to tuned quantum classics on business-based measures like the quality of solutions at fixed time, time to decide, robustness, reliability and cost to result. The review recognises areas where a hybrid approach may yield quantifiable optimisation, scheduling, forecasting, and pattern-finding advantages and give constraints which are correlated with hardware noisy, algorithms maturity and systems integration and skill. It gives a roadmap of adoption, which is associated with the targeted pilots, governance, quantum-safe security, and ecosystem alliances a gradual scale-up that is visible to economic and risk controls.

Bamboo is a light weight, biodegradable, sustainable and renewable material and it is the gift of God to mankind. This review paper explores the multifaceted role of bamboo in religion, culture and environmental protection across various societies of India and abroad. It examines the spiritual significance of bamboo in eastern religions, its symbolic representations in cultural practices and art forms and its practical applications in traditional rituals and ceremonies. The paper also explores the ecological value of bamboo, emphasizing its fast growth, ability to absorb carbon and potential for sustainable resource use. While considering insights from various fields such as anthropology, religious studies, environmental science and cultural geography, the review focuses on how bamboo connects with human beliefs, cultural traditions and efforts to protect the environment. The findings underscore the need for integrating traditional knowledge and modern scientific approaches in harnessing the potential of bamboo for sustainable development of societies and for preservation of cultures.

We discuss corrections to the mainstream theory of black holes in general relativity. We discuss the Schwarzschild point-mass and extended-mass solutions of the Einstein Field Equations, concluding that many of the features traditionally associated with black hole theory are absurd and incorrect. The picture of a point singularity surrounded by a surface singularity at the Schwarzschild radius does not hold water. As an afterthought, we suggest how to solve the Kerr problem (rotating black hole): by numerical methods/machine computation.

The problem of aggregating group preferences into a collective or consensual preference has been tackled since the 18th century by Borda and Condorcet. Since then, several authors have proposed aggregation methods based on social choice theory and metric procedures. However, the use of these metric procedures in decision-making processes today is very limited, and this is explained by the fact that their algorithms recommend multiple complex computations if the number of decision-makers (voters) and the number of alternatives (candidates) is high. To facilitate and popularize the use of metric procedures, it is therefore necessary to equip them with tools or computer programs. It is in this context that we propose in this article a python implementation of the New metric procedure of multidecisions makers choice . In this way, we have been able to set up a program that perfectly integrates the NPMCD algorithm. It is proving to be very efficient, as it allows us to obtain results in a very short time.

This research project explores the complex dynamics of lived Christianity in diverse cultural contexts. By examining how Christian communities and individuals interpret and apply their faith in specific contexts, this study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the world Christian movement and its multifaceted expressions. Using a multidisciplinary approach, combining ethnographic fieldwork and thematic analysis, this research investigates the ways in which cultural factors shape Christian identity and practice. The study reveals the complex and nuanced nature of lived Christianity, highlighting the intersection of faith, culture, and everyday life. The findings of this research contribute to a deeper understanding of the ways in which Christian communities and individuals navigate the tensions between their faith and the demands of everyday life. This study has significant implications for understanding the complex dynamics of lived Christianity, and its findings can inform Christian communities, individuals, and organizations seeking to navigate the challenges of living out their faith in diverse cultural contexts.

This paper is a study of quantum well heterostructure made up by a zinc oxide (ZnO) thin layer (well) sandwiched between two Zn1-xMgxO layers acting as barriers potential. Setting the width of the well to a = 10 nm, the allowed quantum states in the structure and the wave function profile are examined for different values of the parameter x : x = 0.1, x = 0.2.... A previous paper was devoted to the conduction band (CB), this one concerns quantum states in the valence band (VB). The comparison between the results shows that holes in the valence band approximately have similar behaviour than electrons in the conduction band. The calculated wavelengths corresponding to intra-band transitions are in the infrared domain of the electromagnetic spectrum. These wavelengths depend on the parameter x, allowing to control the optoelectronic properties of the quantum well by adjusting the concentration x during the growth process. Therefore, for the same value of x, the quantum states number in the valence band are more important than those in the conduction band. This result can be explained by the split noticed in the valence band.