Today, the importance of providing safety and stability while paying attention to the ride comfort and providing road holding is of paramount importance. This issue has become more important due to the many accidents related to vehicle rollover. In this article, an attempt has been made to reduce the risk of rollover prevention of the vehicle while paying attention to the needs of the occupant and the road. In this research, an attempt has been made to reduce the overall acceleration of the GT vehicle by using a series of active variable geometry suspensions and by using a variety of control strategies such as Fuzzy PID, LQR, Sliding mode. In previous works, PID and Skyhook controllers have been used. However, in this study, the choice of the controllers is based on attention to accuracy and optimization while pay attention to control aims. This study was performed in conditions of severe asymmetric roughness and cornering maneuvers. The examination of the results shows an improvement of more than 20% for the goal of vehicle stability while providing other suspension goals. This performance improvement occurs with the effect of suspending variable geometry along with the use of a suitable controller. It should also be noted that the improvement achieved by consuming energy is far less than other suspensions, which is the strength of the research.

This work reports the heat and mass transfer of the 2- D MHD flow of the Casson and Williamson motions under the impression of non-linear radiation, viscous dissipation, and thermo-diffusion and Dufour impacts. The flow is examined through an extending zone along with inconsistent thickness. The partial differential equations are extremely nonlinear and lessen to ODEs throughout of the appropriate similarity transformation. The system of nonlinear and coupled ODEs is handled applying a numerical approach with shooting procedure. Numerical solutions for momentum and energy descriptions are deliberated through graphs and tabular form for the impacts of magnetic parameter, Soret and Dufour variables, momentum power index variable, Schmidt number, wall thickness variable, without dimensions velocity slip, heat jump and mass jump variable. Outcomes illustrate that the momentum, temperature, and concentration transfer of the laminar boundary layers of equally non-Newtonian liquid motions are non-consistent. A comparison made with the existing literature which shows an good agreement and confidence of the present outcomes. It shows that Casson parameter restricted the skin friction, local heat and mass transfer while l enhanced the skin friction, local heat and mass transfer. Velocity slip constant decreases the skin friction, local heat and mass transfer and a similar observation for thermal slip constant while an opposite phenomena for the solutal slip constant.

This work presents forced vibration responses of a cantilever beam made of functionally graded material under a harmonic load. The material properties of beam vary along the axial direction. The kinematics of the beam are considered within Timoshenko beam theory. The governing equations of problem are derived by using the Lagrange procedure. In the solution of the problem the Ritz method is used and algebraic polynomials are used with the trivial functions for the Ritz method. In the solution of the forced vibration problem, the Newmark average acceleration method is used in the time history. In this study, free and forced vibration responses of the axially functionally graded beam are investigated in detail. In the numerical examples, the effects of material graduation, geometric and dynamic parameters on the free and forced vibration response of axially graded beam are investigated.

The paper is concerned with the analysis of the simultaneous effect of a random perturbation and white noise in the coefficient of the system on its response. The excitation of the system of the 1st order is described by the sum of a deterministic signal and additive white noise, which is partly correlated with a parametric noise. The random perturbation in the parameter is considered statistics in a set of realizations. It reveals that the probability density of these perturbations must be limited in the phase space, otherwise the system would lose the stochastic stability in probability, either immediately or after a certain time. The width of the permissible zone depends on the intensity of the parametric noise, the extent of correlation with the additive excitation noise, and the type of probability density. The general explanation is demonstrated on cases of normal, uniform, and truncated normal probability densities.

On the microgravity condition, gravity affects the motion of objects and the flow of fluids, and the continuum assumption is not valid, therefore, a fractal Chaplygin-He gas model is developed by a new fractal derivative in microgravity space. A fractal variational principle is successfully established via the fractal semi-inverse method.

In this paper, we implement the multidomain spectral relaxation method to numerically study high dimensional chaos by considering the nine-dimensional Lorenz system. Chaotic systems are characterized by rapidly changing solutions, as well as sensitivity to small changes in initial data. Most of the existing numerical methods converge slowly for this kind of problems and this results in inaccurate approximations. Spectral methods are known for their high accuracy. However, they become less accurate for problems characterised by chaotic solutions, even with an increase in the number of grid points. As a result, in this work, we adopt the multidomain approach which assumes that the main interval can be decomposed into a finite number of subdomains and the solution obtained in each of the subdomains. This approach remarkably improves the results as well as the efficiency of the method.

The presence of moisture content in a silo makes the preservation of a grain stock challenging especially when dealing with a large stock. This made it as a major concern for engineers to preserve large crops of grains and avoid huge losses. By installing a screw inside of a silo, the moisture problem could be avoided by stirring the loaded granular bed alongside aeration, also it could be effective to mix different types of loaded materials. The present work has sought to develop predictive models of discrete element method for mixing uniformity assessment when mixing wheat granules in a hopper-bottom screw mixer. The different factors being investigated are: initial configuration of particles, screw rotational direction, screw pitch length, screw diameter and screw rotational velocity. Findings regarding bed homogeneity were calculated using the nearest neighbor’s method. The best mixture was obtained when considering a side-wise filling type of particles ahead mixing and using a 20 mm screw diameter, 30 mm screw pitch and rotating the screw at 80 rpm speed.

Numerical simulations of 2D compressible flow through the tip-section turbine blade cascade with a flat profile and the supersonic inlet were carried out by the OpenFOAM code using the Favre-averaged Navier-Stokes equations completed by the γ-Re_θt bypass transition model with the SST turbulence model. Predictions completed for nominal regimes were concentrated particularly on the effect of the shock-wave/boundary layer interaction on the transition to turbulence. Further, the link between the inlet Mach number and the inlet flow angle i.e. the so called unique incidence rule was studied. Obtained numerical results were compared with experimental data covering optical and pressure measurements.

The effect of a closed boundary on the hydrodynamic drag of a nonconcentric semipermeable sphere in an incompressible viscous fluid is investigated. Darcy’s law holds in the permeable region and Stokes flow used inside the spherical cavity. Suitable boundary conditions are used on the surface of a semipermeable sphere and spherical cavity. Two spherical coordinate systems are used to solve the problem. By superposition principle, a general solution is constructed from the solutions based on the semipermeable sphere and spherical cavity. Numerical results for the hydrodynamic drag force exerted on the particle is obtained with good convergence for various values of the relative distance between the centers of the inner sphere and spherical cavity, permeability parameter and the separation parameter. The numerical values of the hydrodynamic drag force generalize the results obtained for an eccentric solid sphere.

Accurate modelling of the mechanical behaviour of tendon tissues is vital due to their essential role in the facilitation of joint mobility in humans and animals. This study focuses on the modelling of the supraspinatus tendon which helps to maintain dynamic stability at the glenohumeral joint in humans. It is observed that in sporting activities or careers that involve frequent arm abduction, injuries to this tendon are a common cause of discomfort. Therefore, this paper evaluates the relative modelling capabilities of three hyperelastic models, namely the Yeoh, Ogden and Martins material models on the tensile behaviour of three tendon specimens. We compare their fitting accuracies, convergence rates during optimisation, and the different forms of sensitivities to data-related features and initial parameter estimates. We find that the Martins model outperforms the other models in fitting accuracies; the Yeoh model has the most stable performance across all initial parameter estimates (with correlations above 99 %) and has the fastest convergence rates (above 20 and 8 times as fast as the Ogden and Martins models’ rates, respectively); and that the Ogden model does not depend on differences in the topological features of the test data. The material parameters of relevant constitutive model may be used for further development of computational models.